Guar Cultivation and Demand Overview

Guar cultivation in India, growth conditions, global demand for guar gum, expanding production zones, research to optimize environmental conditions for better productivity.

• Guar
• Cultivation
• Demand
• India
• Research

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1. P. Satyavathi*, Vanaja M., Gopala Krishna Reddy A., Vijay Kumar G., Manohar G. Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad- 500059 E-mail: ganisetti.satyavathi@gmail.com

2. Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) India produces 10.0-12.5 lakh tons of guar and world leader in production of guar with 80% of world production It is grown in arid zones of Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh

3. Guar gum from guar seeds Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan Guar gum is an extract of the guar bean It is used in paper, textile, oil drilling, mining, explosives, ore flotation, and other various industrial applications

4. Demand Development The demand of this gum is high in international market as in recent past due to its application in crude oil drilling and shell gas industry, which resulted in hike in price up to Rs. 32,000/quintal of seed The production zones are expanding to new areas where identification of suitable variety is the need of the hour

5. Growth conditions of Guar Guar basically grown under arid rain fed conditions Guar grows well under a wide range of soil conditions and has good capabilities to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Guar tolerates high temperatures and dry conditions and is adapted to arid and semi-arid climates Guar is susceptible to water logging. Guar is considered to be tolerant of both soil salinity and alkalinity

6. Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cluster_bean-guar-Cyamopsis_psoralioides-Cyamopsis_tetragonolobus-TAMIL_NADU73.jpg/220px-Cluster_bean-guar-Cyamopsis_psoralioides-Cyamopsis_tetragonolobus-TAMIL_NADU73.jpg The present research work aimed at addressing the issues to optimize the environmental conditions visa vis identification of suitable varieties for different locations This will help to expand the areas of cultivation as well as improving the productivity there by enhancing the livelihood opportunities to the poor farmers

7. Five genotypes of cluster bean were obtained from Rajasthan Agricultural University (RAU) RGC-1017 RGC-1025 RGC-936 RGC-986 HGS- 365 Growth conditions: Two seasons- Summer and Kharif (rainy) season to have variable temperature, RH & photoperiod Rainy (Kharif) Crop- July to October 2013 Summer Crop- March to June 2014

8. 35 Temperatures-Kharif 33 31 Temperature ( C) 29 27 Max T Min T 25 Min T Max T 17.3 23.1 23.1 32.2 23 MIN MAX Average 21.32 29.37 21 19 17 15 15-Jul-13 25-Jul-13 4-Aug-13 14-Aug-13 24-Aug-13 3-Sep-13 13-Sep-13 23-Sep-13 3-Oct-13 13-Oct-13 23-Oct-13 2-Nov-13 45 Temperatures- Summer 40 35 Temperature ( C) 30 25 20 Min T Max T 14.2 25.4 28 39.5 MIN MAX Average 21.28 34.38 15 10 Max T Min T 5 0 21-Jan-14 10-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 22-Mar-14 11-Apr-14 1-May-14 21-May-14 10-Jun-14

9. 110 Relative humidity- Kharif 100 90 80 RH (%) 70 60 Kharif Summer 50 MIN MAX Average 43 98 16 86 40 63.87 38.40 30 20 15-Jul-13 25-Jul-13 4-Aug-13 14-Aug-13 24-Aug-13 3-Sep-13 13-Sep-13 23-Sep-13 3-Oct-13 13-Oct-13 23-Oct-13 2-Nov-13 100 Relative humidity- Summer 90 80 70 60 RH (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 21-Jan-14 10-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 22-Mar-14 11-Apr-14 1-May-14 21-May-14 10-Jun-14

10. 70 Rainfall-Kharif 60 No. of Rainy days=28 50 Total RF= 341.5 mm RF (mm) 40 30 20 10 0 15-Jul-13 25-Jul-13 4-Aug-13 14-Aug-13 24-Aug-13 3-Sep-13 13-Sep-13 23-Sep-13 3-Oct-13 13-Oct-13 23-Oct-13 2-Nov-13 30 Rainfall- Summer No. of Rainy days=11 25 Total RF= 106.6 mm 20 RF (mm) 15 10 5 0 21-Jan-14 10-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 22-Mar-14 11-Apr-14 1-May-14 21-May-14 10-Jun-14

11. Results Summer Crop- March to June 2014 Rainy (Kharif) Crop- July to October 2013 Observations recorded on Days to 50% flowering Root biomass Plant height Total biomass No. of Branches No. of Pods Leaf area Pod weight Leaf biomass Stem biomass Seed number Seed Yield Root length 100 seed weight Root volume HI

12. 60 Total Biomass Summer Kharif 50 The selected genotypes varied in their response to seasons. Total Biomass (g/pl) 40 30 Majority of the genotypes produced higher biomass during summer season as compared with kharif except HGS-365 20 10 0 RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 60 Total Biomass RGC 1017 and RGC 1025 registered less reduction in total biomass during kharif 50 Total Biomass (g/pl) 40 30 20 Reduction was high in RGC 986 and RGC 936 during kharif 10 0 Summer Kharif RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365

13. Pod Weight Summer 30 Kharif Majority of the genotypes produced more pod weight during summer season as compared with kharif. 25 Pod wt. (g/pl) 20 15 10 The genotype HGS 365 produced more pod weight in kharif season than in summer and RGC986 recorded lowest pod weight 5 0 RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 30 Pod Weight 25 In summer season the genotypes RGC936 and RGC1025 recorded highest pod weight Pod wt. (g/pl) 20 15 10 During Kharif there was lot of variation in pod weight 5 0 Summer Kharif RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365

14. Seed Yield Summer Kharif All the genotypes showed improved performance in seed weight in Summer season than Kharif 16 14 12 Seed wt. (g/pl) 10 8 In summer, RGC 936 recorded highest seed weight (15.11 g/pl) followed by RGC1025 (14.78 g/pl) 6 4 2 0 RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 In Kharif, RGC 1025 recorded highest seed weight (9.53 g/pl) followed by HGS 365 (7.3 g/pl) 16 Seed Yield 14 12 Though HGS365 recorded improved total biomass and pod weight in kharif, its seed yield was reduced in kharif Seed wt.(g/pl) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Summer Kharif RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365

15. 4.0 Summer Test weight Kharif 3.5 There was non significant difference for 100 seed weight during summer season 3.0 100 seed wt. (g) 2.5 2.0 1.5 The seeds of RGC936(3.3 g) and RGC1025 (3.4 g) were bold than all the genotypes in summer season 1.0 0.5 0.0 RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 RGC1017 and HGS365 maintained 100 seed weight in both seasons with least reduction 4.0 Test weight 3.5 3.0 100 seed wt. (g) RGC986 and RGC1025 showed lowest test weight than the other genotypes in Kharif 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Summer RGC986 Kharif RGC1017 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365

16. 30 HI Summer Kharif In summer season, the variation between genotypes was meager for Harvest Index, however it is significant in kharif 25 Harvest Index (%) 20 15 10 RGC1017, RGC936 and RGC1025 recorded better HI in kharif than summer season 5 0 RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 RGC1017 recorded highest HI (22%) and RGC986 and HGS 365 (20%) recorded lower HI in summer season 30 HI 25 Harvest Index (%) 20 RGC1025 recorded highest HI (25%) and RGC986 (13%) recorded lowest HI in Kharif 15 10 5 0 Summer Kharif RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365

17. Reduction (%) in Kharif over Summer -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 All the genotypes except HGS-365 recorded reduction in majority of the parameters in Kharif season RGC1017 Kharif season was favoring the improvement in Total biomass, Vegetative biomass, Fodder biomass and pod wt. of HGS 365 RGC986 RGC936 All parameters of RGC986 reduced in kharif season RGC1025 The impact of seasons was minimum on different parameters of RGC 1017 followed by RGC 1025 HGS365 T.biomass Pod.wt HI Veg biomass seed wt Fodder biomass 100 seed wt

18. Seed weight and Test weight reduced in kharif season in all the genotypes Reduction (%) in Kharif over Summer -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 T.biomass Total biomass, vegetative biomass, fodder biomass of HGS365 improved from 65 to 167% during Kharif than Summer season. The reduction in pod and seed weight was higher than biomass parameters of all the genotypes except HGS365 in kharif season Veg biomass Fodder biomass Pod.wt seed wt The seasonal response of HI differed in different genotypes due to differential response of seed yield and total biomass of individual genotype 100 seed wt HI RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365

19. Conclusions Performance of all the selected five cluster bean genotypes reduced in kharif season as compared with summer season There is variation in genotype as well as parameter response to different seasons The reduction in yield and yield parameters was more than biomass parameters in kharif season The genotypes RGC 1017 and RGC 1025 maintained total biomass with better seed yield during kharif The genotype HGS365 with improved biomass and moderate seed yield during kharif may serve as dual purpose crop with better fodder biomass

20. Thank You

21. Any Queries are most welcomed!