Global Inequality in Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: Challenges and Strategies
The article discusses the unequal access to COVID-19 vaccines globally, highlighting the disparities between high-income and lower/middle-income countries. It explores the constraints in vaccine distribution, such as limited supplies and overwhelming demand, and presents statistics on advanced purchase agreements. The emphasis is on the European Union's strategy aimed at boosting European vaccine production.
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Access to Access to 19 vaccines for developing countries developing countries COVID COVID- -19 vaccines for March 2021 Dimitri Eynikel, Policy Team Co-Coordinator & EU Advisor M decins Sans Fronti res - Access Campaign
Global Unequal Access to Covid Global Unequal Access to Covid- -19 Vaccines Vaccines 19 High income countries Lower and Middle Income countries 230 million doses 80% (6,3 bn people) 96% Supply from Developing country manufacturers Deliveries to date Share of global population Origin 250 million doses 20% (1,6 bn people) 8% Supply from Developing country manufacturers Covax facility 1.3 billion doses of 2.1 billion needed Volumes agreed (not secured) Deliveries to date Covax AMC Sources: Airfinity, NY times covid19 Covid19 tracker 28 million doses in 30 countries 92 countries with over 3 billion people Inequity to continue HIC targets vs Covax target of 3,3% coverage mid 2021 and 20% end of this year Risk of viral variants
How we got there How we got there Two main constraints 1) Allocation of limited supplies WHO global fair allocation mechanism has been ignored European Commission announced EU vaccine sharing mechanism in January 2021, output? 2) Meeting an overwhelming global demand EU investment of 1.6 bn USD in R&D funding & at least 20 billion USD in APA s* WHO, Fair allocation mechanism for COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX Facility, 2020 Team Europe pledged 2.7 billion euro to COVAX, largest contribution to date * Presentation of Dr. Suerie Moon at European Parliament, Thursday 25 February, 2021
Global advanced purchase agreements to date Table 1: Distribution of supply deals among leading COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine Distribution of supply deals between high-income countries, low- and middle-income countries, and COVAX Pfizer/BioNTech Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Total under contract: 2.051 billion doses HICs: 1.564 billion (76%) LMICs: 446 million (22%) COVAX: 40 million (2%) Total under contract: 824 million HICs: 824 million (100%) LMICs: 0 COVAX: 0 Total under contract: 3.147 billion HICs: 1.069 billion (34%) LMICs: 1.359 billion (43%) COVAX: 720 million (23%) Total under contract: 1.409 billion HICs: 858 million (61%) LMICs: 108 million (12.6%) COVAX: 500 million (35.5%) Total under contract: 355 million HICs: 27.5 million (8%) LMICs: 328 million (92%) COVAX: 0 Total under contract: 558 million HICs: 3.5 million (0.6%) LMICs: 555 million (99.4%) COVAX: 0 Total under contract: 195 million doses HICs: 3 million (1.5%) LMICs: 192 million (98.2%) COVAX: 0 Moderna mRNA-1273 Oxford/AstraZeneca AZD1222 Johnson & Johnson JNJ-78436735 Sinovac CoronaVac Gamaleya Sputnik V Sinopharm Sources: Airfinity, February 2021
EU strategy is focused on European production of EU strategy is focused on European production of vaccines vaccines JUNE 2020 MARCH 2021 In the negotiations with the pharmaceutical industry under the present Agreement, the Commission will promote a Covid-19 vaccine as a global public good. This promotion will include access for low and middle income countries to these vaccines in sufficient quantity and at low prices. The Commission will seek to promote related questions with the pharmaceutical industry regarding intellectual property sharing, especially when such IP has been developed with public support, in order to [ ] these objectives. Europe is set to become the leading vaccine producing continent before the end of the year. (President of the European Council, Charles Michel) The only continents able to produce what is needed for their citizens, and for the planet, are Europe and the U.S ( Commissioner Breton) The ambition has shifted from global public good to Europe becoming the global vaccine producing continent before the end of the year. ANNEX, Commission Decision on approving the agreement with Member States on procuring Covid-19 vaccines, 18 June 2020
Importance of developing country manufacturers Importance of developing country manufacturers in global supply of vaccines in global supply of vaccines WHO Global Vaccine Market Report 2018 Airfinity COVID-19 Vaccine Production Summit 08/03/2021
Priority steps: 1. Make vaccines vaccines available available for vaccination of frontline health care workers worldwide 2. Require companies and developers to openly share health technologies to Global to openly share health technologies to Global South South particularly for the mRNA mRNAvaccines (fast to upscale, easier to produce and adapt to new variants) 3. 3. Don t block Don t block the TRIPS waiver for all covid19 health tools at the World Trade Organization
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