Genome-Wide Association for Drought Tolerance in Potato Study

PhD student João Vitor Nomura is conducting a Genome-Wide Association study for drought tolerance in potatoes at the University of São Paulo and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research focuses on adapting potato varieties to extreme heat waves and improving food security. Different abiotic stresses such as heat and drought are being analyzed, along with breeding populations targeting specific environments. The study includes regions like temperate, lowland, mid-elevation tropics, and highland tropics. Traits such as virus resistance, heat adaptiveness, and quality improvement are key areas of interest. Various countries are involved in this extensive breeding program, aiming to enhance potato resilience and adaptability.

• Genome-Wide Association
• Drought Tolerance
• Potato
• Abiotic Stress
• Breeding Populations

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1. Genome Genome- -Wide Association for Drought Wide Association for Drought Tolerance in Potato Tolerance in Potato Jo o Vitor Nomura PhD Student, University of S o Paulo/Brazil Visiting Student at Endelman Group, University of Wisconsin-Madison

2. Introduction Introduction 6x Extreme heat waves Food security Varieties adapted

3. Abiotic stress Abiotic stress 28.9 30 27.5 Max M n Avg 24.5 25 Dry matter (%) 22.4 21.8 21.0 20.5 18.7 20 18.9 - Heat 18.1 17.3 19.3 17.5 15.0 15 15.4 15.4 13.2 10.7 - Drought 10 Highland > 3000m, cool Highgland > 3000m, Cool Mid elevation 1300m, heat-dry, Lowland 300m, temperate Lowland 800m, heat-humid Lowland 300m, heat-dry long day Hyo 07 Hyo 09 Majes 10 LM winter 09 SR 09 LM summer Bonierbale et al., 2020

4. Breeding Breeding populations populations Temperate Lowland and mid-elevation Mid-elevation tropics Target Env Subtropical Lowlands Highland tropics Heat PVY LB Heat Chips Photoperiod Drought Salinity Virus Resistance Long dormancy period Cold chipping Dry matter Virus Resistance Drought LB Biofortification Target Traits Low glycoalkaloid Population LTVR LTVR LTVR LBHT B BIOT Kenya Rwanda Ethiopia Buthan Nepal Peru Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Central America China Vietnam India Bangladesh Uzbekistan Tajikistan Georgia Kyrgyzstan Countries

5. LTVR LTVR Lowland Tropics Virus Resistant Lowland Adapt Heat Earliness Earliness LD Processing PVX PVY Yield Earliness Heat Drought Processing PLVR Earliness LB Quality C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 1970 s 1980 s 1990 s 2000 s 2007 2016

6. Material and Methods Material and Methods La Molina 2020 - 28 C/20 C Majes 2018 - Arid Subtropical Lowlands - 27 C/18 C - Arid Subtropical Lowlands Google

7. Material and Methods Material and Methods Drought x Full Irrigation - Deficit started in tuberization - Full: 2-3 days interval - Drought: 15 days interval Amoros, W., & Salas, E. (2013)

8. Material and Methods Material and Methods Traits: - Yield (g plant-1) - Tuber Set (tubers plant-1) - Dry Matter (%) Amoros, W., & Salas, E. (2013)

9. Material and Methods Material and Methods 655 clones from CIP DArTag ~ 2,244 markers updog package (Gerard et al., 2018) StageWise package (Endelman, 2021) Amoros, W., & Salas, E. (2013)

10. Drought impact on traits Drought impact on traits Yield Full: 533 g/plant Drought: 204 g/plant 62%

11. Drought impact on traits Drought impact on traits Tuber Set Full: 9.38 tubers/plant Drought: 4.96 tubers/plant 47%

12. Drought impact on traits Drought impact on traits Dry Matter Full: 18.58% Drought: 18.76%

13. Heritability (plot) Heritability (plot) - Higher H in La Molina - Decrease in drought level - Bigger effect of residuals

14. Maturity score X Yield Maturity score X Yield Yield Yield Drought Full irrigation EARLY LATE LATE EARLY

15. GWAS for GWAS for yield yield Yield Full Irritagation Treatment Maturity Yield Drought Treatment Near the gene CDF1

16. S StCDF1 tCDF1 and and StFLORE StFLORE - Indirect induction of tuberization - Response to ABA - Regulation of stomata size and number - Lowest water loss - Fitness reduction under full irrigation

17. Conclusions Conclusions CDF1 appears to be important for drought tolerance. Understand the dynamics of CDF1 for breeding.

18. Thank Thank you you! ! Questions Questions? ?

19. References References Bonierbale M.W., Amoros W.R., Salas E., de Jong W. (2020) Potato Breeding. In: Campos H., Ortiz O. (eds) The Potato Crop. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28683-5_6 Corrales, A.-R., Carrillo, L., Lasierra, P ., Nebauer, S. G., Dominguez-Figueroa, J., Renau-Morata, B., Pollmann, S., Granell, A., Molina, R.-V., Vicente- Carbajosa, J., and Medina, J. (2017) Multifaceted role of cycling DOF factor 3 (CDF3) in the regulation of flowering time and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40: 748 764. doi: 10.1111/pce.12894. Endelman, https://github.com/jendelman/StageWise J. (2021), Two-stage analysis of multi-environment trials for genomic selection and GWAS. Available: Gerard, D., Ferr o, L. F. V., Garcia, A. A. F., Stephens, M. (2018), Genotyping Polyploids from Messy Sequencing Data. Genetics, 210: 789- 807. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301468 Ram rez Gonzales, L., Shi, L., Bergonzi, S.B., Oortwijn, M., Franco-Zorrilla, J.M., Solano-Tavira, R., Visser, R.G.F., Abelenda, J.A. and Bachem, C.W.B. (2021), Potato CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 and its lncRNA counterpart StFLORE link tuber development and drought response. The Plant Journal, 105: 855-869. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15093