GENDER STRATIFICATION
GENDER STRATIFICATION
লিংগ স্তৰীকৰণ
WHAT IS GENDER STRATIFICATION?
লিংগ স্তৰীকৰণ কি?
•
Gender stratification refers to the social ranking, where
men typically inhabit higher statuses than women. Often,
the terms gender inequality and gender stratification are
used interchangeably. Broadly defined, most of the
research in this area focuses on differences between men's
and women's life circumstances.
•
লিংগ স্তৰীকৰণে সামাজিক ৰেংকিংক বুজায়, য’ত পুৰুষসকলে
সাধাৰণতে মহিলাতকৈ উচ্চ মৰ্যাদাত বাস কৰে। প্ৰায়ে লিংগ
বৈষম্য আৰু লিংগ স্তৰীকৰণ শব্দ দুটা বিনিময়মূলকভাৱে
ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। বহলভাৱে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰিলে এই ক্ষেত্ৰত
কৰা গৱেষণাৰ অধিকাংশই পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলাৰ জীৱন
পৰিস্থিতিৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্যৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে।
FEMINIST THEORY ON STRATIFICATION
•
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical
or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature
of gender inequality, and examines women’s social roles,
experiences, and interests.
•
নাৰীবাদী তত্ত্ব হৈছে নাৰীবাদৰ তাত্ত্বিক বা দাৰ্শনিক বক্তৃতালৈ
সম্প্ৰসাৰণ। ইয়াৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে লিংগ বৈষম্যৰ প্ৰকৃতি বুজি পোৱা,
আৰু মহিলাৰ সামাজিক ভূমিকা, অভিজ্ঞতা আৰু আগ্ৰহ পৰীক্ষা
কৰা হয়।
•
While generally providing a critique of social relations, much
of feminist theory also focuses on analyzing gender inequality
and the promotion of women’s interests.
•
সাধাৰণতে সামাজিক সম্পৰ্কৰ সমালোচনা প্ৰদান কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে
নাৰীবাদী তত্ত্বৰ বহুখিনিয়ে লিংগ বৈষম্য বিশ্লেষণ আৰু নাৰীৰ
স্বাৰ্থৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ ওপৰতো গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে।
CONTINUED…
•
Feminist theory uses the conflict approach to examine the reinforcement of gender
roles and inequalities.
•
নাৰীবাদী তত্ত্বই লিংগ ভূমিকা আৰু বৈষম্যৰ শক্তিশালীকৰণ পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ সংঘাতৰ
পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।
•
Conflict theory posits that stratification is dysfunctional and harmful in society, with
inequality perpetuated because it benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of
the poor.
•
সংঘাত তত্ত্বই ধাৰণা কৰে যে সমাজত স্তৰবিন্যাস অকাৰ্যকৰী আৰু ক্ষতিকাৰক, বৈষম্য
স্থায়ী হৈ থাকে কাৰণ ই দৰিদ্ৰৰ মূল্যত ধনী আৰু শক্তিশালী লোকসকলক উপকৃত
কৰে।
•
Radical feminism, in particular, evaluates the role of the patriarchy in perpetuating
male dominance.
•
বিশেষকৈ উগ্ৰ নাৰীবাদে পুৰুষৰ আধিপত্যক স্থায়ী কৰি ৰখাত পিতৃতন্ত্ৰৰ ভূমিকাৰ
মূল্যায়ন কৰে।
•
In patriarchal societies, the male’s perspective and contributions are considered
more valuable, resulting in the silencing and marginalization of the woman.
•
পিতৃতান্ত্রিক সমাজত পুৰুষৰ দৃষ্টিভংগী আৰু অৱদানক অধিক মূল্যৱান বুলি গণ্য কৰা
হয়, যাৰ ফলত নাৰীক নিস্তব্ধ আৰু প্ৰান্তীয়কৰণ কৰা হয়।
•
Feminism focuses on the theory of patriarchy as a system of power that organizes
society into a complex of relationships based on the assertion of male supremacy.
•
নাৰীবাদে পিতৃতন্ত্ৰৰ তত্ত্বৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে, যিয়ে সমাজক পুৰুষৰ
আধিপত্যৰ দাবীৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি সম্পৰ্কৰ জটিলতাত সংগঠিত কৰে।
CONTINUED…
•
Throughout most of recorded history and around the globe, women have taken a
“back seat” to men.
•
লিপিবদ্ধ ইতিহাসৰ বেছিভাগ সময়তে আৰু সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বতে মহিলাসকলে পুৰুষৰ বাবে
“পিছফালৰ আসন” গ্ৰহণ কৰি আহিছে।
•
Generally speaking, men have had, and continue to have, more physical and social
power and status than women, especially in the public arena.
•
সাধাৰণতে ক’বলৈ গ’লে বিশেষকৈ ৰাজহুৱা ক্ষেত্ৰত মহিলাতকৈ পুৰুষৰ শাৰীৰিক আৰু
সামাজিক ক্ষমতা আৰু মৰ্যাদা অধিক আছিল, আৰু আছে।
•
Men tend to be more aggressive and violent then women, so they fight wars.
•
পুৰুষসকল মহিলাতকৈ অধিক আক্ৰমণাত্মক আৰু হিংস্ৰ হোৱাৰ প্ৰৱণতা থাকে, গতিকে
তেওঁলোকে যুদ্ধ কৰে।
•
Likewise, boys are often required to attain proof of masculinity through strenuous
effort. This leads to males holding public office, creating laws and rules, defining
society, and—some feminists might add—controlling women.
•
ঠিক তেনেদৰে ল’ৰাবোৰেও প্ৰায়ে কঠোৰ পৰিশ্ৰমৰ জৰিয়তে পুৰুষত্বৰ প্ৰমাণ লাভ
কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হয়। ইয়াৰ ফলত পুৰুষে ৰাজহুৱা পদবী গ্ৰহণ কৰে, আইন আৰু নিয়ম
সৃষ্টি কৰে, সমাজৰ সংজ্ঞা দিয়ে আৰু—কিছুমান নাৰীবাদীয়ে যোগ দিব পাৰে—নাৰীক
নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰে।
•
Male dominance in a society is termed
patriarchy.
•
এখন সমাজত পুৰুষৰ আধিপত্যক পিতৃতন্ত্ৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়।
SEXISM(
যৌনতাবাদ
)
•
Sexism is a form of prejudice or discrimination against individuals
based on their gender. It often involves the belief that one gender
is superior to the other and can result in unequal treatment and
opportunities for women and men. Sexism can also occur when
individuals are treated differently on the basis of gender
stereotypes or expectations.
•
যৌনতাবাদ হৈছে ব্যক্তিৰ লিংগৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি পক্ষপাতিত্ব বা
বৈষম্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰ। ইয়াৰ লগত প্ৰায়ে এই বিশ্বাস জড়িত হৈ থাকে
যে এটা লিংগ আনটোতকৈ উচ্চ আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলত মহিলা আৰু
পুৰুষৰ বাবে অসমান ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু সুযোগৰ সৃষ্টি হ’ব পাৰে। লিংগ
কু-সংস্কাৰ বা আশাৰ ভিত্তিত ব্যক্তিৰ লগত বেলেগ ধৰণৰ ব্যৱহাৰ
কৰিলেও যৌনতাবাদ হ’ব পাৰে।
•
Examples of sexism include
: (
যৌনতাবাদৰ উদাহৰণ হ’ল-
)
•
Objectification of women: The depiction of women as mere
objects of male desire, often in media and advertising.
•
নাৰীৰ বস্তুনিষ্ঠতা: প্ৰায়ে সংবাদ মাধ্যম আৰু বিজ্ঞাপনত নাৰীক
কেৱল পুৰুষৰ ইচ্ছাৰ বস্তু হিচাপে চিত্ৰিত কৰা।
•
Fundamental to sexism is the assumption that men are superior to
women.
•
যৌনতাবাদৰ মৌলিক কথাটো হ’ল পুৰুষক নাৰীতকৈ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ বুলি
ধাৰণা কৰা।
•
Sexism has always had negative consequences for women. It has
caused some women to avoid pursuing successful careers typically
described as “masculine”—perhaps to avoid the social impression
that they are less desirable as spouses or mothers, or even less
“feminine.”
•
যৌনতাবাদৰ সদায় নাৰীৰ বাবে নেতিবাচক পৰিণতি হৈ আহিছে।
ইয়াৰ ফলত কিছুমান মহিলাই সাধাৰণতে “পুৰুষ” বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা
সফল কেৰিয়াৰ গঢ়ি তোলাৰ পৰা আঁতৰি আহিছে—হয়তো এই
সামাজিক ধাৰণাটো এৰাই চলিবলৈ যে তেওঁলোক পত্নী বা মাতৃ
হিচাপে কম বাঞ্ছনীয়, বা আনকি কম “নাৰী”।
•
Sexism has also caused women to feel inferior to men or to rate
themselves negatively.
•
যৌনতাবাদৰ বাবেও মহিলাসকলে পুৰুষতকৈ নীচ অনুভৱ কৰিছে বা
নিজকে নেতিবাচক ৰেটিং দিছে।
•
Sexism has brought gender inequalities to women in
almost all arenas of life.
•
জীৱনৰ প্ৰায় সকলো ক্ষেত্ৰতে যৌনতাবাদে নাৰীৰ বাবে
লিংগ বৈষম্য কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে।
•
Differential socialization leads to gender inequality.
Through socialization; it has become a part and parcel
of social existence.
•
ভিন্নতামূলক সামাজিকৰণৰ ফলত লিংগ বৈষম্যৰ সৃষ্টি
হয়। সামাজিকৰণৰ জৰিয়তে; ই সামাজিক অস্তিত্বৰ এক
অংশ হৈ পৰিছে।
•
But inequality has been a special problem in the areas
of higher education, work, and politics.
•
কিন্তু উচ্চ শিক্ষা, কৰ্ম, ৰাজনীতিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বৈষম্য এক
বিশেষ সমস্যা হৈ আহিছে।
Gender stratification involves the social ranking where men typically occupy higher statuses than women, leading to gender inequality. Feminist theory extends feminism into theoretical discourse to analyze and critique gender roles, inequalities, and patriarchy. Conflict theory is used to examine the reinforcement of gender roles, focusing on how inequality benefits the powerful at the expense of the poor. Sexism, a form of prejudice, results in discrimination based on gender, often manifesting in unequal treatment and opportunities.
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Presentation Transcript
WHAT IS GENDER STRATIFICATION? ? Gender stratification refers to the social ranking, where men typically inhabit higher statuses than women. Often, the terms gender inequality and gender stratification are used interchangeably. Broadly defined, most of the research in this area focuses on differences between men's and women's life circumstances. ,
FEMINIST THEORY ON STRATIFICATION Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality, and examines women s social roles, experiences, and interests. , , While generally providing a critique of social relations, much of feminist theory also focuses on analyzing gender inequality and the promotion of women s interests.
CONTINUED Feminist theory uses the conflict approach to examine the reinforcement of gender roles and inequalities. Conflict theory posits that stratification is dysfunctional and harmful in society, with inequality perpetuated because it benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the poor. , Radical feminism, in particular, evaluates the role of the patriarchy in perpetuating male dominance. In patriarchal societies, the male s perspective and contributions are considered more valuable, resulting in the silencing and marginalization of the woman. , Feminism focuses on the theory of patriarchy as a system of power that organizes society into a complex of relationships based on the assertion of male supremacy. ,
CONTINUED Throughout most of recorded history and around the globe, women have taken a back seat to men. Generally speaking, men have had, and continue to have, more physical and social power and status than women, especially in the public arena. , Men tend to be more aggressive and violent then women, so they fight wars. , Likewise, boys are often required to attain proof of masculinity through strenuous effort. This leads to males holding public office, creating laws and rules, defining society, and some feminists might add controlling women. , , Male dominance in a society is termed patriarchy.
SEXISM() Sexism is a form of prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on their gender. It often involves the belief that one gender is superior to the other and can result in unequal treatment and opportunities for women and men. Sexism can also occur when individuals are treated differently on the basis of gender stereotypes or expectations. - Examples of sexism include: ( -) Objectification of women: The depiction of women as mere objects of male desire, often in media and advertising. :
Fundamental to sexism is the assumption that men are superior to women. Sexism has always had negative consequences for women. It has caused some women to avoid pursuing successful careers typically described as masculine perhaps to avoid the social impression that they are less desirable as spouses or mothers, or even less feminine. , Sexism has also caused women to feel inferior to men or to rate themselves negatively.
Sexism has brought gender inequalities to women in almost all arenas of life. Differential socialization leads to gender inequality. Through socialization; it has become a part and parcel of social existence. ; But inequality has been a special problem in the areas of higher education, work, and politics. , ,
