FRENCH & INDIAN WAR
Competition between the French and English for control of American soil led to conflicts in the Ohio Valley, Mississippi Valley, and Great Lakes region. The involvement of Native Americans in the fur trade further complicated relationships, ultimately sparking the French and Indian War which lasted for nine years. Key events such as the building of Fort Duquesne, conflicts at Fort Necessity, British attempts to unite the colonies, and significant battles are highlighted. The British, under the leadership of Secretary of State William Pitt, eventually gained control of key French forts, reshaping the landscape of the region.
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FRENCH & INDIAN WAR FRENCH & INDIAN WAR
French & English compete for American soil French & English compete for American soil FRANCE claim Ohio Valley, Mississippi Valley & Great Lakes `New France`- Ohio to Rocky Mountains Fur Traders Jesuit priests
Native Americans supplied furs to both English & French Fur Trade between N.A. to French & N.A. to English crated changing economic and military alliances This led to many conflicts no clear winner
West of Appalachians English French English Fur Traders & Land Companies French fear losing control FRENCH & INDIAN WAR --9 YEARS 9 YEARS
Fort Duqusne French fort on Ohio River (where Pittsburgh now stands) Fort Necessity English fort built near French fort George Washington 21 year old attack French then French attack English GW retreat to Virginia FRENCH & INDIAN WAR HAD BEGUN JULY 3, 1754
With BRITISH Mohawk Cayuga Oneida Onondaga Seeca with FRENCH Shawnee Algonquin Abenaki Lenni Lenape Huron
Benjamin Franklin First formal proposal to unite colonies Benjamin Franklin Each colony send representatives to GRAND COUNCIL Collect taxes, raise armies, make treaties PLAN REJECTED not want to give up control
British sent Braddock & 2 regiments George Washington at his side Marched to Fort Duquesne French & N.A. Surprized British, killed Braddock More battles & losses over next 2 years
British Secretary of State William Pitt Sent best generals, borrowed money to pay colonial troops 1757 to 1759 Controlled 6 French Forts Renamed Fort Duquesne to Fort Pitt NEXT to NEW FRANCE`s capital QUEBEC NEXT to NEW FRANCE`s capital QUEBEC
Cliffs 300 feet above St. Lawrence River British General James Wolfe & 4000 men secretly climb cliffs Battle was short & British won But British General Wolfe died and French General Montcalm died BATTLE OF QUEBEC 1757 TURNING POINT IN WAR by 1758 British control all CANADA
BRITAIN & FRANCE battled in othe parts of world for 3 more years Spain made pact in 1761 to aid France too late Seven years War ended 1763 Treaty of Paris - ended all French control in North America Britain`s Colonial Empire
British moved into French forts Not gift Native Americans like French had N.A. attacked settlers, destroyed most forts British attacked back many killed Then invited N.A. to talk gave them blankets infected with SMALLPOX 3 years later Treaty signed PROCLAMATION of 1763 dont PROCLAMATION of 1763 dont settle west of Appalachians. settle west of Appalachians.
Colonists and British angry at each other Colonists thought won right to settle in Ohio Valley British didn`t want more N.A. Fights FRENCH & INDIAN WAR 13 Colonies got first taste of UNITY fought common enemy STAGE SET for FINAL CONFLICT between Colonies & Britain STAGE SET for FINAL CONFLICT between Colonies & Britain
