Formal Analysis of Sculptures: Riace Warrior and Seated Buddha
Description and analysis
Description is the first step of formal analysis (subject-form-
historical context). After making a descriptive statement, you
should explain
how
the effect is produced and
why
it is important
to the experience or meaning of the artwork.
Eg. Descriptive statement: The Riace Warrior
is strong and commanding
How is this achieved?
Why is it important?
Riace Warrior A, c.450 BCE, bronze,
203 cm, Reggio di Calabria
Descriptive statement:
The Riace Warrior
is strong and commanding
How is this achieved?
Why is it important?
The taut, rippling
musculature and
contrapposto of Riace A
make him appear strong
and commanding. As a
result, he encapsulates
the arête of a warrior:
dutiful, disciplined, and
powerful.
Riace Warrior A, c.450 BCE, bronze,
203 cm, Reggio di Calabria
The taut, rippling musculature and
contrapposto of Riace A make him appear
strong and commanding. As a result, he
encapsulates the arête of a warrior: dutiful,
disciplined, and powerful.
How
Why
•
How does this sculpture
represent the Buddha and
construct a relationship
with the beholder?
(250 words)
Seated Buddha, Kushan period, 2nd
century, red sandstone, 129.5 cm,
National Gallery of Australia,
Canberra
Applying analysis to answer a question
Break down question:
1.
How does this sculpture represent the Buddha
(paragraph 1)
2.
How does it construct a relationship with the viewer
(paragraph 2)
•
What? + How? + Why?
•
Observation + Visual Evidence + Insight
1.
How does this sculpture
represent the Buddha?
2.
How does it construct a
relationship with the viewer
Make an outline for your response
1.
How does this sculpture
represent the Buddha?
•
Pose and gesture
•
Attributes of the Buddha
•
Natural symbolism
2.
How does it construct a
relationship with the viewer
•
Body as vessel for sacred breath
•
Open eyes, gentle smile, palm
inscribed with dharma
•
Darshan as a form of spiritual
exchange
Make an outline for your response
Paragraph 1:
How does this sculpture
represent the Buddha?
•
Pose and gesture
Grounded in the
seated lotus
position
of meditation with his
right hand raised in the
abhaya
mudra
gesture
, this Mathuran
Buddha
greets the beholder
with serenity and reassurance
.
Observation/visual evidence
+
insight
Paragraph 1:
How does this sculpture represent
the Buddha?
•
Attributes of the Buddha
Enveloped by a
disc-like halo
that
proclaims his
enlightened
transcendence
, the Buddha’s
ushnisha
, or cranial protuberance
,
and
urna
– the whorl of hair
between his eyebrows
– make
tangibly visible
his superior wisdom
and insight
.
Observation/visual evidence
+
insight
•
Attributes of the Buddha, cont.
While his elongated earlobes reference
his bejewelled princely past, the
Buddha’s delicate features and supple
form drawn from the natural world
proclaim his transformation from
mortal to deity.
•
Broader interpretation drawn
from specific insights: symbolism
used to create iconic
representation of Buddha as god
Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha?
•
Natural symbolism
Inspired by ancient Indian texts, he
embodies an ideal of masculine beauty
characterised by vitality and virility, from
his robust chest that resembles the face of a
bull to his stylised, deeply cut eyes that
evoke the darting curves of fish.
•
Prioritise a few key examples rather
than providing a laundry list of
evidence
Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha?
Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha?
Grounded in the seated lotus position of meditation with his
right hand raised in the
abhaya mudra
gesture, this Mathuran
Buddha greets the beholder with serenity and reassurance.
Enveloped by a disc-like halo that proclaims his enlightened
transcendence, the Buddha’s
ushnisha
, or cranial protuberance, and
urna
– the whorl of hair between his eyebrows – make tangibly
visible his superior wisdom and insight. While his elongated
earlobes reference his bejewelled princely past, the Buddha’s delicate
features and supple form drawn from the natural world proclaim his
transformation from mortal to deity. Inspired by ancient Indian
texts, he embodies an ideal of masculine beauty characterised by
vitality and virility, from his robust chest that resembles the face of
a bull to his stylised, deeply cut eyes that evoke the darting curves
of fish. (130 words)
Paragraph structure
•
Paragraphs should begin with a topic sentence
that clearly outlines your aims for the paragraph and
define its content.
•
All other material in the paragraph must relate to
this stated aim in the topic sentence; this will help
keep your ideas clear and focused.
•
Develop strong transitions between your paragraphs.
Paragraph structure
•
Consider using the
P.E.E.L.
formula to
structure your paragraphs:
•
Point
•
Example
•
Elaborate
•
Link
•
Body as vessel for sacred breath
Such natural symbolism gives way to
spiritual intent
through a surface
smoothness uninterrupted by ridges of
muscle or bone. The Buddha’s body is
depicted as soft and pneumatic. His
abdomen, distinguished by pillowy flesh
that spills over his monastic robes,
expands with sacred breath, or
prana
.
•
Topic sentence links the two
paragraphs
Paragraph 2: How does it construct a relationship with the viewer?
•
Open eyes, gentle smile, palm
inscribed with dharma
•
Darshan as a form of spiritual
exchange
Through his steady gaze and gentle smile,
indicative of his compassion and his absence of
suffering, he offers his attention to the devotee
who, in turn, seeks
darshan
– an encounter with
the divine energy animating the sandstone.
Incised with the wheel of the
dharma
, the
Buddha’s extended palm signals the potential
transmission of spiritual knowledge in return
for the worshipper’s reverence and respect.
This reciprocal form of viewing initiates a
spiritual exchange between the human and
divine worlds.
Paragraph 2: How does it construct a relationship with the viewer?
Paragraph 2: How does it construct a relationship with the
viewer?
Such natural symbolism gives way to spiritual intent
through a surface smoothness uninterrupted by ridges of muscle or
bone. The Buddha’s body is depicted as soft and pneumatic. His
abdomen, distinguished by pillowy flesh that spills over his monastic
robes, expands with sacred breath, or
prana
. Through his steady
gaze and gentle smile, indicative of his compassion and his absence
of suffering, he offers his attention to the devotee who, in turn,
seeks
darshan
– an encounter with the divine energy animating the
sandstone. Incised with the wheel of the
dharma
, the Buddha’s
extended palm signals the potential transmission of spiritual
knowledge in return for the worshipper’s reverence. This reciprocal
form of viewing initiates a spiritual exchange between the human
and divine worlds. (122 words)
Tips for Writing the Object Analysis
•
Use the questions as subheadings; there is no need to write an introduction or a
conclusion for this assignment.
•
Do not simply restate the question in the first line of your response.
•
Avoid unnecessary repetition throughout your responses. Try to make new
points in each response that specifically target the question.
•
Avoid value judgements:
•
Aesthetic judgements: This is a beautifully painted artwork that
successfully conveys its meaning
•
Moral judgements: This artwork is ethically problematic because of its
representation of gender
•
These tell us more about 21
st
-century attitudes than the artwork’s own
context
Tips for Writing the Object Analysis
•
Use
italics
for artwork titles:
•
Harriet Hosmer’s sculpture,
Beatrice Cenci
, 1857, represents Beatrice lying
asleep on a stone slab.
•
Agnolo Bronzino’s portrait of Cosimo I de’Medici was painted around
1545 in the Mannerist style.
•
In
Djan’kawu Creation Story
, the artists represent the ancestors’ journey in
episodic form.
•
Only quote primary sources and keep quotations to a minimum.
•
Use scholarly references in your footnotes and bibliography (books, and journal
articles)
Good Luck!!
Discover the formal analysis of the Riace Warrior and Seated Buddha sculptures, exploring their representations and significance. Analysis includes descriptions, visual evidence, and insights to deepen understanding.
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Presentation Transcript
How to Write Formal Analysis Molly Duggins Academic English Coordinator Molly.duggins@nas.edu.au
Description and analysis Description is the first step of formal analysis (subject-form- historical context). After making a descriptive statement, you should explain how the effect is produced and why it is important to the experience or meaning of the artwork. Eg. Descriptive statement: The Riace Warrior is strong and commanding How is this achieved? Why is it important?
Descriptive statement: The Riace Warrior is strong and commanding How is this achieved? Why is it important? Riace Warrior A, c.450 BCE, bronze, 203 cm, Reggio di Calabria
The taut, rippling musculature and contrapposto of Riace A make him appear strong and commanding. As a result, he encapsulates the ar te of a warrior: dutiful, disciplined, and powerful. Riace Warrior A, c.450 BCE, bronze, 203 cm, Reggio di Calabria
How The taut, rippling musculature and contrapposto of Riace A make him appear strong and commanding. As a result, he encapsulates the ar te of a warrior: dutiful, Why disciplined, and powerful.
Applying analysis to answer a question How does this sculpture represent the Buddha and construct a relationship with the beholder? (250 words) Seated Buddha, Kushan period, 2nd century, red sandstone, 129.5 cm, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
Break down question: 1. How does this sculpture represent the Buddha (paragraph 1) 2. How does it construct a relationship with the viewer (paragraph 2) What? + How? + Why? Observation + Visual Evidence + Insight
Make an outline for your response 1. How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? 2. How does it construct a relationship with the viewer
Make an outline for your response 1. How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? Pose and gesture Attributes of the Buddha Natural symbolism 2. How does it construct a relationship with the viewer Body as vessel for sacred breath Open eyes, gentle smile, palm inscribed with dharma Darshan as a form of spiritual exchange
Observation/visual evidence + insight Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? Pose and gesture Grounded in the seated lotus position of meditation with his right hand raised in the abhaya mudra gesture, this Mathuran Buddha greets the beholder with serenity and reassurance.
Observation/visual evidence + insight Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? Attributes of the Buddha Enveloped by a disc-like halo that proclaims his enlightened transcendence, the Buddha s ushnisha, or cranial protuberance, and urna the whorl of hair between his eyebrows make tangibly visible his superior wisdom and insight.
Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? Attributes of the Buddha, cont. While his elongated earlobes reference his bejewelled princely past, the Buddha s delicate features and supple form drawn from the natural world proclaim his transformation from mortal to deity. Broader interpretation drawn from specific insights: symbolism used to create iconic representation of Buddha as god
Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? Natural symbolism Inspired by ancient Indian texts, he embodies an ideal of masculine beauty characterised by vitality and virility, from his robust chest that resembles the face of a bull to his stylised, deeply cut eyes that evoke the darting curves of fish. Prioritise a few key examples rather than providing a laundry list of evidence
Paragraph 1: How does this sculpture represent the Buddha? right hand raised in the abhaya mudra gesture, this Mathuran Buddha greets the beholder with serenity and reassurance. Enveloped by a disc-like halo that proclaims his enlightened transcendence, the Buddha s ushnisha, or cranial protuberance, and urna the whorl of hair between his eyebrows make tangibly visible his superior wisdom and insight. While his elongated earlobes reference his bejewelled princely past, the Buddha s delicate features and supple form drawn from the natural world proclaim his transformation from mortal to deity. Inspired by ancient Indian texts, he embodies an ideal of masculine beauty characterised by vitality and virility, from his robust chest that resembles the face of a bull to his stylised, deeply cut eyes that evoke the darting curves of fish. (130 words) Grounded in the seated lotus position of meditation with his
Paragraph structure Paragraphs should begin with a topic sentence that clearly outlines your aims for the paragraph and define its content. All other material in the paragraph must relate to this stated aim in the topic sentence; this will help keep your ideas clear and focused. Develop strong transitions between your paragraphs.
Paragraph structure Consider using the P.E.E.L. formula to structure your paragraphs: Point Example Elaborate Link
Paragraph 2: How does it construct a relationship with the viewer? Body as vessel for sacred breath Such natural symbolism gives way to spiritual intent through a surface smoothness uninterrupted by ridges of muscle or bone. The Buddha s body is depicted as soft and pneumatic. His abdomen, distinguished by pillowy flesh that spills over his monastic robes, expands with sacred breath, or prana. Topic sentence links the two paragraphs
Paragraph 2: How does it construct a relationship with the viewer? Open eyes, gentle smile, palm inscribed with dharma Darshan as a form of spiritual exchange Through his steady gaze and gentle smile, indicative of his compassion and his absence of suffering, he offers his attention to the devotee who, in turn, seeks darshan an encounter with the divine energy animating the sandstone. Incised with the wheel of the dharma, the Buddha s extended palm signals the potential transmission of spiritual knowledge in return for the worshipper s reverence and respect. This reciprocal form of viewing initiates a spiritual exchange between the human and divine worlds.
Paragraph 2: How does it construct a relationship with the viewer? through a surface smoothness uninterrupted by ridges of muscle or bone. The Buddha s body is depicted as soft and pneumatic. His abdomen, distinguished by pillowy flesh that spills over his monastic robes, expands with sacred breath, or prana. Through his steady gaze and gentle smile, indicative of his compassion and his absence of suffering, he offers his attention to the devotee who, in turn, seeks darshan an encounter with the divine energy animating the sandstone. Incised with the wheel of the dharma, the Buddha s extended palm signals the potential transmission of spiritual knowledge in return for the worshipper s reverence. This reciprocal form of viewing initiates a spiritual exchange between the human and divine worlds. (122 words) Such natural symbolism gives way to spiritual intent
Tips for Writing the Object Analysis Use the questions as subheadings; there is no need to write an introduction or a conclusion for this assignment. Do not simply restate the question in the first line of your response. Avoid unnecessary repetition throughout your responses. Try to make new points in each response that specifically target the question. Avoid value judgements: Aesthetic judgements: This is a beautifully painted artwork that successfully conveys its meaning Moral judgements: This artwork is ethically problematic because of its representation of gender These tell us more about 21st-century attitudes than the artwork s own context
Tips for Writing the Object Analysis Use italics for artwork titles: Harriet Hosmer s sculpture, Beatrice Cenci, 1857, represents Beatrice lying asleep on a stone slab. Agnolo Bronzino s portrait of Cosimo I de Medici was painted around 1545 in the Mannerist style. In Djan kawu Creation Story, the artists represent the ancestors journey in episodic form. Only quote primary sources and keep quotations to a minimum. Use scholarly references in your footnotes and bibliography (books, and journal articles)
