Federalist Papers: Factions and Government
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FEDERALIST 10/51
TRANSITIONING TO A REPUBLIC
ARTICLES REVIEW
•
POLL EVERYWHERE
•
POLL EVERYWHERE PAGE
WHAT’S YOUR FACTION
•
TYPE “WHAT’S YOUR FACTION QUIZ”
INTO A SEARCH AND CLICK THE FIRST LINK!
TERMS TO KNOW
•
FEDERALIST PAPERS:
A SERIES OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES PRESENTING ARGUMENTS TO
PERSUADE PEOPLE TO VOTE FOR THE CONSTITUTION
REPUBLIC
– REPRESENTATIVE/INDIRECT DEMOCRACY – CITIZENS ELECT REPRESENTATIVES TO
MAKE GOVERNMENTAL DECISIONS
DEMOCRACY
– THEY OFTEN MEAN “DIRECT” OR “PURE” DEMOCRACY – ALL CITIZENS
PARTICIPATE IN DECISION-MAKING. (WEAKNESSES?)
-TOWN MEETINGS, RECALL, REFERENDUM
FACTIONS
– SPECIAL INTERESTS; ANY GROUP THAT TRIES TO DOMINATE THE POLITICAL
PROCESS TO SERVE ITS OWN PURPOSES
DIRECTIONS
•
WORKING WITH A PARTNER COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS ON FEDERALIST 10 AND 51
•
BE PREPARED TO BE CALLED ON TO SHARE YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE CLASS
FEDERALIST #10
•
AUTHOR: JAMES MADISON
•
PURPOSE: DISCUSSING THE DANGER OF FACTIONS AND THE SOLUTION OF A
REPUBLIC
FEDERALIST #10
•
WHAT IS A FACTION?
•
“BY FACTION, I MEAN A GROUP OF CITIZENS, EITHER A MAJORITY OR MINORITY, UNTIED
AND ACTUATED BY SOME COMMON PASSION OR INTEREST ADVERSE TO THE RIGHTS OF
OTHER CITIZENS OR TO THE AGGREGATE INTERESTS OF THE COMMUNITY.”
•
AKA- A GROUP ORGANIZED AROUND A SPECIAL INTEREST
FEDERALIST #10
•
WHAT CAUSED THESE FACTIONS?
•
NOT DYSTOPIAN SOCIAL EXPERIMENT… BUT RATHER UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY
•
NOTE: DIVERSITY IS GOOD! “ABILITIES” SHOULD BE CELEBRATED AND PROTECTED, BUT THEY CAN BE
DANGEROUS
•
FURTHERED BY HUMAN NATURE AND SELF-INTEREST
•
THERE CAN BE NO FAIR LAWS IF EVERYONE IS MOTIVATED BY SELF-INTEREST
FEDERALIST #10
•
DANGER!!!
•
FACTIONS CAN BE MAJORITY OR MINORITY
•
MINORITY FACTIONS CAN EASILY BE CONTROLLED BY THE MAJORITY
•
BUT MAJORITY FACTIONS ARE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL AND THAT’S WHERE
MADISON STEPS IN WITH A PLAN
FEDERALIST #10
•
2 WAYS TO REMEDY FACTIONS:
•
1. CONTROL THE CAUSES
•
2. CONTROL THE EFFECTS
FEDERALIST #10-CONTROL CAUSES
•
NOW THERE ARE 2 WAYS TO CONTROL THE CAUSES
•
1. DESTROY FREEDOM
•
“THE FIRST REMEDY IS FAR WORSE THAN THE DISEASE. LIBERTY IS TO FACTION
WHAT AIR IS TO FIRE.”
•
2. EQUAL PASSIONS-IMPOSSIBLE!
FEDERALIST #10-CONTROL EFFECTS
•
ONLY WAY TO REMEDY FACTIONS
•
MORE CHOICES!
•
DEMOCRACY OR REPUBLIC
•
FEAR OF MAJORITY FACTIONS TELLS US THAT A REPUBLIC IS BEST
FEDERALIST #10
•
TIME TO CHOOSE AGAIN
•
SMALL OR LARGE REPUBLIC?
•
MADISON SAYS LARGE IS BETTER!
•
PROVIDES FOR MORE DIVERSITY AND OPTIONS FOR BETTER LEADERS. LESS CHANCE OF A MAJORITY
FACTION
TAKE AWAYS FROM FEDERALIST #10
•
FACTIONS ARE UNAVOIDABLE, BUT DANGEROUS
•
MAJORITY FACTIONS ARE MORE DANGEROUS AND MINORITIES MUST BE PROTECTED
•
TWO WAYS TO DESTROY FACTIONS ARE TO DESTROY LIBERTY OR MAKE EVERYONE
SHARE THE SAME INTERESTS
•
DESTROYING FACTIONS WON’T WORK, SO A REPUBLIC IS YOUR BEST ANSWER
•
THE BIGGER THE REPUBLIC, THE BETTER
DO NOW
1.
WHY DID MADISON SAY THAT WE CANNOT DESTROY THE CAUSES OF
FACTIONS?
2.
WHY DID MADISON THINK THAT A REPUBLIC WAS THE BEST FORM OF
GOVERNMENT?
Answer these questions on a piece of Paper. Keep the paper until the
end of class
HOW SHOULD THAT REPUBLIC BE SET UP
•
THE SECOND MOST FAMOUS FEDERALIST PAPER WILL ANSWER THIS QUESTION:
FEDERALIST #51 (ALSO BY MADISON)
FEDERALIST #51
•
PURPOSE: DISCUSS THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FEDERALISM
FEDERALIST #51
•
WE WANT OUR LIBERTY!!!!
•
MADISON’S MAIN ARGUMENT IS ABOUT THE
SEPARATION OF POWERS
FEDERALIST #51
•
THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT IS SPLIT BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE,
JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES
•
LEGISLATIVE IS THE MOST POWERFUL…SO BREAK IT UP AGAIN
•
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
•
SENATE
FEDERALIST #51
•
EACH OF THESE BRANCHES STILL SHOULD NOT HAVE TOO MUCH POWER…
•
DISCUSSES A SYSTEM OF
CHECKS AND BALANCES
FEDERALIST #51
•
THE MEMBERS OF THESE BRANCHES (BEING STILL DRIVEN BY SELF –INTEREST) SHOULD
NOT APPOINT EACH OTHER
•
BRINGS IN IDEA OF
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
-POWER WITH THE PEOPLE TO CHOOSE
THEIR REPRESENTATIVES AND LEADERS (EXCEPT FOR THE JUDICIARY-THEY NEED TO BE
VERY QUALIFIED)
FEDERALIST #51
•
FACTIONS AGAIN! THE MINORITY MUST BE PROTECTED
FEDERALIST #51
•
“THE SECOND METHOD WILL BE EXEMPLIFIED IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED
STATES. ALL AUTHORITY WILL BE
DERIVED FROM AND DEPENDENT ON THE SOCIETY
. THE
SOCIETY ITSELF WILL BE BROKEN INTO SO MANY PARTS, INTERESTS, AND CLASSES OF
CITIZENS THAT THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS, OR OF THE MINORITY, WILL BE IN LITTLE
DANGER FROM INTERESTED COMBINATIONS OF THE MAJORITY.”
FEDERALIST #51
•
IN CASE ANYONE WAS STILL WORRIED ABOUT THEIR LIBERTIES
VS. THE CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, THE GOVERNMENT ITSELF IS
DIVIDED BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE NATIONAL (OR FEDERAL)
GOVERNMENT
•
THIS IS CALLED
FEDERALISM
FEDERALIST #51- SUMMARY
•
SEPARATION OF POWERS BETWEEN THE THREE BRANCHES
•
CHECK AND BALANCES ON THE BRANCHES
•
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY TO AVOID CORRUPTION
•
FEDERALISM
FEDERAL
STATE
Judiciary
Executive
Legislative
Senate
House of Reps
“IF MEN WERE ANGELS, NO
GOVERNMENT WOULD BE NECESSARY”
“YOU MUST FIRST ENABLE THE
GOVERNMENT TO CONTROL THE
GOVERNED; AND IN THE NEXT PLACE
OBLIGE IT TO CONTROL ITSELF”
JUSTICE IS THE END OF GOVERNMENT. IT IS
THE END OF CIVIL SOCIETY. IT EVER HAS
BEEN AND EVER WILL BE PURSUED UNTIL IT
BE OBTAINED, OR UNTIL LIBERTY BE LOST IN
THE PURSUIT.
A DEPENDENCE ON THE PEOPLE IS, NO
DOUBT, THE PRIMARY CONTROL ON THE
GOVERNMENT; BUT EXPERIENCE HAS
TAUGHT MANKIND THE NECESSITY OF
AUXILIARY PRECAUTIONS.
IT IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IN A
REPUBLIC, NOT ONLY TO GUARD THE
SOCIETY AGAINST THE OPPRESSION OF ITS
RULERS; BUT TO GUARD ONE PART OF THE
SOCIETY AGAINST THE INJUSTICE OF THE
OTHER PART.
Discover the essence of Federalist Papers through an exploration of factions, democracy, and governance. Learn about the dangers of factions, their causes, and remedies proposed by James Madison. Dive into the significance of factions in shaping governmental decisions and the importance of safeguarding democratic ideals against special interests.
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Presentation Transcript
ARTICLES REVIEW POLL EVERYWHERE POLL EVERYWHERE PAGE
WHATS YOUR FACTION TYPE WHAT S YOUR FACTION QUIZ INTO A SEARCH AND CLICK THE FIRST LINK!
TERMS TO KNOW FEDERALIST PAPERS: A SERIES OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES PRESENTING ARGUMENTS TO PERSUADE PEOPLE TO VOTE FOR THE CONSTITUTION REPUBLIC REPUBLIC REPRESENTATIVE/INDIRECT DEMOCRACY CITIZENS ELECT REPRESENTATIVES TO MAKE GOVERNMENTAL DECISIONS DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY THEY OFTEN MEAN DIRECT OR PURE DEMOCRACY ALL CITIZENS PARTICIPATE IN DECISION-MAKING. (WEAKNESSES?) -TOWN MEETINGS, RECALL, REFERENDUM FACTIONS FACTIONS SPECIAL INTERESTS; ANY GROUP THAT TRIES TO DOMINATE THE POLITICAL PROCESS TO SERVE ITS OWN PURPOSES
DIRECTIONS WORKING WITH A PARTNER COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS ON FEDERALIST 10 AND 51 BE PREPARED TO BE CALLED ON TO SHARE YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE CLASS
FEDERALIST #10 AUTHOR: JAMES MADISON PURPOSE: DISCUSSING THE DANGER OF FACTIONS AND THE SOLUTION OF A REPUBLIC
FEDERALIST #10 WHAT IS A FACTION? BY FACTION, I MEAN A GROUP OF CITIZENS, EITHER A MAJORITY OR MINORITY, UNTIED AND ACTUATED BY SOME COMMON PASSION OR INTEREST ADVERSE TO THE RIGHTS OF OTHER CITIZENS OR TO THE AGGREGATE INTERESTS OF THE COMMUNITY. AKA-A GROUP ORGANIZED AROUND A SPECIAL INTEREST
FEDERALIST #10 WHAT CAUSED THESE FACTIONS? NOT DYSTOPIAN SOCIAL EXPERIMENT BUT RATHER UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTIONOF PROPERTY NOTE: DIVERSITY IS GOOD! ABILITIES SHOULD BE CELEBRATED AND PROTECTED, BUT THEY CAN BE DANGEROUS FURTHERED BY HUMAN NATURE AND SELF-INTEREST THERE CAN BE NO FAIR LAWS IF EVERYONE IS MOTIVATED BY SELF-INTEREST
FEDERALIST #10 DANGER!!! FACTIONS CAN BE MAJORITY OR MINORITY MINORITY FACTIONS CAN EASILY BE CONTROLLED BY THE MAJORITY BUT MAJORITY FACTIONS ARE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL AND THAT S WHERE MADISON STEPS IN WITH A PLAN
FEDERALIST #10 2 WAYS TO REMEDY FACTIONS: 1. CONTROL THE CAUSES 2. CONTROL THE EFFECTS
FEDERALIST #10-CONTROL CAUSES NOW THERE ARE 2 WAYS TO CONTROL THE CAUSES 1. DESTROY FREEDOM THE FIRST REMEDY IS FAR WORSE THAN THE DISEASE. LIBERTY IS TO FACTION WHAT AIR IS TO FIRE. 2. EQUAL PASSIONS-IMPOSSIBLE!
FEDERALIST #10-CONTROL EFFECTS ONLY WAY TO REMEDY FACTIONS MORE CHOICES! DEMOCRACY OR REPUBLIC FEAR OF MAJORITY FACTIONS TELLS US THAT A REPUBLIC IS BEST
FEDERALIST #10 TIME TO CHOOSE AGAIN SMALL OR LARGE REPUBLIC? MADISON SAYS LARGE IS BETTER! PROVIDES FOR MORE DIVERSITY AND OPTIONS FOR BETTER LEADERS. LESSCHANCE OF A MAJORITY FACTION
TAKE AWAYSFROM FEDERALIST #10 FACTIONS ARE UNAVOIDABLE, BUT DANGEROUS MAJORITY FACTIONS ARE MORE DANGEROUS AND MINORITIES MUST BE PROTECTED TWO WAYS TO DESTROY FACTIONS ARE TO DESTROY LIBERTY OR MAKE EVERYONE SHARE THE SAME INTERESTS DESTROYING FACTIONS WON T WORK, SO A REPUBLIC IS YOUR BEST ANSWER THE BIGGER THE REPUBLIC, THE BETTER
DO NOW Answer these questions on a piece of Paper. Keep the paper until the end of class 1. WHY DID MADISON SAY THAT WE CANNOT DESTROY THE CAUSES OF FACTIONS? 2.WHY DID MADISON THINK THAT A REPUBLIC WAS THE BEST FORM OF GOVERNMENT?
HOW SHOULD THAT REPUBLIC BE SET UP THE SECOND MOST FAMOUS FEDERALIST PAPER WILL ANSWER THIS QUESTION: FEDERALIST #51 (ALSO BY MADISON)
FEDERALIST #51 PURPOSE: DISCUSS THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FEDERALISM
FEDERALIST #51 WE WANT OUR LIBERTY!!!! MADISON S MAIN ARGUMENT IS ABOUT THE SEPARATION OF POWERS
FEDERALIST #51 THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT IS SPLIT BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES LEGISLATIVE IS THE MOST POWERFUL SO BREAK IT UP AGAIN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SENATE
FEDERALIST #51 EACH OF THESE BRANCHES STILL SHOULD NOT HAVE TOO MUCH POWER DISCUSSES A SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
FEDERALIST #51 THE MEMBERS OF THESE BRANCHES (BEING STILL DRIVEN BY SELF INTEREST) SHOULD NOT APPOINT EACH OTHER BRINGS IN IDEA OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY-POWER WITH THE PEOPLE TO CHOOSE THEIR REPRESENTATIVES AND LEADERS (EXCEPT FOR THE JUDICIARY-THEY NEED TO BE VERY QUALIFIED)
FEDERALIST #51 FACTIONS AGAIN! THE MINORITY MUST BE PROTECTED
FEDERALIST #51 THE SECOND METHOD WILL BE EXEMPLIFIED IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED STATES. ALL AUTHORITY WILL BE DERIVED FROM AND DEPENDENT ON THE SOCIETY. THE SOCIETY ITSELF WILL BE BROKEN INTO SO MANY PARTS, INTERESTS, AND CLASSES OF CITIZENS THAT THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS, OR OF THE MINORITY, WILL BE IN LITTLE DANGER FROM INTERESTED COMBINATIONS OF THE MAJORITY.
FEDERALIST #51 IN CASE ANYONE WAS STILL WORRIED ABOUT THEIR LIBERTIES VS. THE CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, THE GOVERNMENT ITSELF IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE NATIONAL (OR FEDERAL) GOVERNMENT THIS IS CALLED FEDERALISM
FEDERALIST #51- SUMMARY SEPARATION OF POWERS BETWEEN THE THREE BRANCHES CHECK AND BALANCES ON THE BRANCHES POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY TO AVOID CORRUPTION FEDERALISM
FEDERAL Senate Legislative House of Reps Executive Judiciary STATE
IF MEN WERE ANGELS, NO GOVERNMENT WOULD BE NECESSARY
YOU MUST FIRST ENABLE THE GOVERNMENT TO CONTROL THE GOVERNED; AND IN THE NEXT PLACE OBLIGE IT TO CONTROL ITSELF
JUSTICE IS THE END OF GOVERNMENT. IT IS THE END OF CIVIL SOCIETY. IT EVER HAS BEEN AND EVER WILL BE PURSUED UNTIL IT BE OBTAINED, OR UNTIL LIBERTY BE LOST IN THE PURSUIT.
A DEPENDENCE ON THE PEOPLE IS, NO DOUBT, THE PRIMARY CONTROL ON THE GOVERNMENT; BUT EXPERIENCE HAS TAUGHT MANKIND THE NECESSITY OF AUXILIARY PRECAUTIONS.
IT IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IN A REPUBLIC, NOT ONLY TO GUARD THE SOCIETY AGAINST THE OPPRESSION OF ITS RULERS; BUT TO GUARD ONE PART OF THE SOCIETY AGAINST THE INJUSTICE OF THE OTHER PART.
