Exploring Glass Technology: Components, Roles, and Structures
Ready to answer
some questions,
maggots ?
a) units of viscosity
b) glass transition temperature
c) works out stress
d)measures T
g
e) diffraction lines & crystal structure
f) breaks up former bonds
g)re-connects islands
h) 40,000X-100,000X magnifications
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:
DSC_____
modifier_____
SEM____ flux ____
XRD
____ T
g
_____
anneal temperature___
poise____
d
g
h
f
e
b
c
a
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice
•
In classical glass theory, a glass is composed of three
components. In order from most to least in %, what are
they ?
Former
flux
modifier
•
Given the above component types, which type is
SiO
2
(sand) ?
Former
•
What role does flux play in glass making
?
Breaks up extended former network so the glass will
form isolated ‘islands’ and melt at lower temperatures
•
Give an example of a flux material
.
Na
2
O (soda) K
2
O
(alkali oxides)
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice
•
What role does the modifier play in glass making ?
They re-join some of the isolated islands created
by the flux and stiffen/strengthen the glass
•
Give an example of a material that serves as a flux
CaO (lime), MgO, BaO (alkaline earth oxides)
•
Does it make sense that the most common (and
oldest) commercial glass is called `soda lime’ glass ?
Explain.
Yes. Flux =15% w/w Na
2
O (soda)
Modifier= 10% w/w CaO (lime)
Former= 75% w/w sand
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
•
Glass is non-thermodynamic, non-crystallographic
and non-____________________
stoichiometric
•
In the ternary phase diagram below, the increasing glass-
forming regions defined by the dark curves is created by…
Increasing the rate of
quenching the glass melt
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
•
This 50,000X micrograph of Pyrex reveals
what key structural feature of the glass ?
Pyrex is biphasic (hard silica
islands filled in with softer
soda-silica-borate-CaO regions)
•
Name and acronym for
the instrument shown
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
•
SEM’s Typical magnification range ?
1000-40,000X
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
•
Name the SEM technique leading
to each of these images
Back-scattered
electrons (BSE)
Secondary electron
emission (SE)
X
-ray energy
dispersion (XRED)
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
Where is the SEM piece in the instrument below ?
•
What’s this piece do ?
XRED unit (analyzes elemental
composition at SEM focus pt)
What’s this for ?
Vacuum coater to spray
conductive Au or C onto non-
conducting SEM samples
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
Dehydration (exo)
melting
•
What technique made the curve below ?
Q
Differential Scanning
Calorimeter
Where does the DSC sample
go in the DSC instrument
shown to the right ?
•
T
g
stands for…
Glass transition T
•
T
gc
stands for…
Glass
crystal transition T
•
T
m
stands for…
Melting point
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
•
Find T
g
, T
gc
and T
m
on the DSC curve
below
T
g
T
gc
T
m
What’s this instrument called ?
X-ray-diffractometer (XRD)
•
Point to where source,
camera and sample are likely
to be here
source
camera
Sample
here
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.)
•
Phase of sample ?
crystalline
Which XRD scan is
created by a pure glass ?
If life is a bowl of cherries,
why am I always in the pits ???
In the realm of glass technology, understanding the components, roles, and structures is crucial. From the composition of glass to the functions of former, flux, and modifier, delve into the world of classical glass theory. Explore the ternary phase diagram, flux materials like Na2O and CaO, and the key structural features of Pyrex glass. Unravel the complexities of glass formation, the impact of modifiers, and the significance of quenching rates on glass properties.
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http://i49.photobucket.com/albums/f284/rosabeme/curious-cat-28a.jpghttp://i49.photobucket.com/albums/f284/rosabeme/curious-cat-28a.jpg Ready to answer some questions, maggots ?
Match these terms and acronyms with the short descriptors listed below: DSC_____ modifier_____ SEM____ flux ____ XRD ____ Tg _____ anneal temperature___ poise____ c d e g h f b a a) units of viscosity b) glass transition temperature c) works out stress d)measures Tg e) diffraction lines & crystal structure f) breaks up former bonds g)re-connects islands h) 40,000X-100,000X magnifications
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice In classical glass theory, a glass is composed of three components. In order from most to least in %, what are they ? Former flux modifier Given the above component types, which type is SiO2 (sand) ? Former What role does flux play in glass making ? Breaks up extended former network so the glass will form isolated islands and melt at lower temperatures Give an example of a flux material.Na2O (soda) K2O (alkali oxides)
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice What role does the modifier play in glass making ? They re-join some of the isolated islands created by the flux and stiffen/strengthen the glass Give an example of a material that serves as a flux CaO (lime), MgO, BaO (alkaline earth oxides) Does it make sense that the most common (and oldest) commercial glass is called `soda lime glass ? Explain. Yes. Flux =15% w/w Na2O (soda) Modifier= 10% w/w CaO (lime) Former= 75% w/w sand
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) Glass is non-thermodynamic, non-crystallographic and non-____________________ stoichiometric In the ternary phase diagram below, the increasing glass- forming regions defined by the dark curves is created by Increasing the rate of quenching the glass melt
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) This 50,000X micrograph of Pyrex reveals what key structural feature of the glass ? Pyrex is biphasic (hard silica islands filled in with softer soda-silica-borate-CaO regions) Name and acronym for the instrument shown Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) SEM s Typical magnification range ? 1000-40,000X
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) Back-scattered electrons (BSE) Secondary electron emission (SE) X-ray energy dispersion (XRED) Name the SEM technique leading to each of these images
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) Where is the SEM piece in the instrument below ? What s this piece do ? XRED unit (analyzes elemental composition at SEM focus pt) Vacuum coater to spray conductive Au or C onto non- conducting SEM samples What s this for ?
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) What technique made the curve below ? Differential Scanning Calorimeter Q melting Dehydration (exo) Where does the DSC sample go in the DSC instrument shown to the right ? Tg stands for Glass transition T Tgcstands for Tmstands for Glass crystal transition T Melting point
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) Find Tg, Tgc and Tm on the DSC curve below Tm Tg Tgc What s this instrument called ? X-ray-diffractometer (XRD) camera http://www.ounqpi.org/Websites/nanoscience/images/facilities/_full_0_Rigaku_X-Ray_powder_diffractometer_2.JPG source Point to where source, camera and sample are likely to be here Sample here
Glass Technology and Measurement drill and practice (cont.) Phase of sample ? crystalline Which XRD scan is created by a pure glass ?
If life is a bowl of cherries, why am I always in the pits ???
