Evolution of Hip Hop Music and Culture
Hip hop music, also known as rap music, originated in the United States in the 1970s, developed by inner-city African Americans and Latino Americans in the Bronx. It incorporates rapping, DJing, break dancing, graffiti writing, and more. The culture was influenced by multicultural exchange, serving as a voice for marginalized youth. Hip hop's evolution was closely tied to technological advancements like sampling and drum machines.
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Hip hop ATHANASIA HANTI 6B
HIP HOP MUSIC, ALSO KNOWN AS RAP MUSIC, IS A GENRE OF POPULAR MUSIC DEVELOPED IN THE UNITED STATES BY INNER-CITY AFRICAN AMERICANS AND LATINO AMERICANS IN THE BRONX BOROUGH OF NEW YORK CITY IN THE 1970S. IT CONSISTS OF A STYLIZED RHYTHMIC MUSIC THAT COMMONLY ACCOMPANIES RAPPING, A RHYTHMIC AND RHYMING SPEECH THAT IS CHANTED. IT DEVELOPED AS PART OF HIP HOP CULTURE, A SUBCULTURE DEFINED BY FOUR KEY STYLISTIC ELEMENTS: MCING/RAPPING, DJING/SCRATCHING WITH TURNTABLES, BREAK DANCING, AND GRAFFITI WRITING. OTHER ELEMENTS INCLUDE SAMPLING BEATS OR BASS LINES FROM RECORDS (OR SYNTHESIZED BEATS AND SOUNDS), AND RHYTHMIC BEATBOXING. WHILE OFTEN USED TO REFER SOLELY TO RAPPING, "HIP HOP" MORE PROPERLY DENOTES THE PRACTICE OF THE ENTIRE SUBCULTURE. THE TERM HIP HOP MUSIC IS SOMETIMES USED SYNONYMOUSLY WITH THE TERM RAP MUSIC, THOUGH RAPPING IS NOT A REQUIRED COMPONENT OF HIP HOP MUSIC; THE GENRE MAY ALSO INCORPORATE OTHER ELEMENTS OF HIP HOP CULTURE, INCLUDING DJING, TURNTABLISM, SCRATCHING, BEATBOXING, AND INSTRUMENTAL TRACKS.
Origins HIP HOP AS MUSIC AND CULTURE FORMED DURING THE 1970S IN NEW YORK CITY FROM THE MULTICULTURAL EXCHANGE BETWEEN AFRICAN-AMERICAN YOUTH FROM THE UNITED STATES AND YOUNG IMMIGRANTS AND CHILDREN OF IMMIGRANTS FROM COUNTRIES IN THE CARIBBEAN. HIP HOP MUSIC IN ITS INFANCY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS AN OUTLET AND A VOICE FOR THE DISENFRANCHISED YOUTH OF MARGINALIZED BACKGROUNDS AND LOW- INCOME AREAS, AS THE HIP HOP CULTURE REFLECTED THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REALITIES OF THEIR LIVES. MANY OF THE PEOPLE WHO HELPED ESTABLISH HIP HOP CULTURE, INCLUDING DJ KOOL HERC, DJ DISCO WIZ, GRANDMASTER FLASH, AND AFRIKA BAMBAATAA WERE OF LATIN AMERICAN OR CARIBBEAN ORIGIN. IT IS HARD TO PINPOINT THE EXACT MUSICAL INFLUENCES THAT MOST AFFECTED THE SOUND AND CULTURE OF EARLY HIP HOP BECAUSE OF THE MULTICULTURAL NATURE OF NEW YORK CITY. HIP HOP'S EARLY PIONEERS WERE INFLUENCED BY A MIX OF MUSIC FROM THEIR CULTURES AND THE CULTURES THEY WERE EXPOSED TO AS A RESULT OF THE DIVERSITY OF U.S. CITIES. NEW YORK CITY EXPERIENCED A HEAVY JAMAICAN HIP HOP INFLUENCE DURING THE 1990S. THIS INFLUENCE WAS BROUGHT ON BY CULTURAL SHIFTS PARTICULARLY BECAUSE OF THE HEIGHTENED IMMIGRATION OF JAMAICANS TO NEW YORK CITY AND THE AMERICAN- BORN JAMAICAN YOUTH WHO WERE COMING OF AGE DURING THE 1990S.
Technology HIP HOP'S EARLY EVOLUTION OCCURRED AROUND THE TIME THAT SAMPLING TECHNOLOGY AND DRUM-MACHINES BECAME WIDELY AVAILABLE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC AT A COST THAT WAS AFFORDABLE TO THE AVERAGE CONSUMER NOT JUST PROFESSIONAL STUDIOS. DRUM-MACHINES AND SAMPLERS WERE COMBINED IN MACHINES THAT CAME TO BE KNOWN AS MPC'S OR 'MUSIC PRODUCTION CENTERS', EARLY EXAMPLES OF WHICH WOULD INCLUDE THE LINN 9000. THE FIRST SAMPLER THAT WAS BROADLY ADOPTED TO CREATE THIS NEW KIND OF MUSIC WAS THE MELLOTRON USED IN COMBINATION WITH THE TR-808 DRUM MACHINE. MELLOTRONS AND LINN'S WERE SUCCEEDED BY THE AKAI, IN THE LATE 1980S. TURNTABLIST TECHNIQUES SUCH AS RHYTHMIC "SCRATCHING" (PUSHING A RECORD BACK AND FORTH WHILE THE NEEDLE IS IN THE GROOVE TO CREATE NEW SOUNDS AND SOUND EFFECTS, AN APPROACH ATTRIBUTED TO GRAND WIZZARD THEODORE, BEAT MIXING AND/OR BEATMATCHING, AND BEAT JUGGLING EVENTUALLY DEVELOPED ALONG WITH THE PERCUSSION BREAKS, CREATING A MUSICAL ACCOMPANIMENT OR BASE THAT COULD BE RAPPED OVER IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO SIGNIFYING. AS WELL, THE ART OF JAMAICAN TOASTING, A STYLE OF TALKING OR CHANTING INTO A MICROPHONE, OFTEN IN A BOASTFUL STYLE, WHILE BEATS PLAY OVER A SOUND SYSTEM, WAS AN IMPORTANT INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIP HOP MUSIC. TOASTING IS ANOTHER INFLUENCE FOUND IN JAMAICAN DUB MUSIC.
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