Evolution of Computers: History and Features
Computer
Computer
•
It is an electronic device that is
designed to work with Information.
•
The term computer is derived from
the Latin “Computare” which
means “to calculate”.
•
It cannot do anything without a
program.
•
It represents the decimal numbers
through a string of binary digits.
History of Computer
•
In 1642 Blaise Pascal (a
famous French
mathematician) invented
an adding machine based
on mechanical gears in
which numbers were
represented by the cogs
on the wheels.
The computer as we know it today
had its beginning with a 19th
century English mathematics
professor name Charles Babbage.
He designed the Analytical
Engine and it was this design that
the basic framework of the
computers of today are based on.
Features of Analytical Engine
•
Analytical Engine 1833could
store numbers
•
powered by steam
•
accurate to six decimal
places
Evolution of Computer
•
First Generation (1946-1959) Vacuum tube
based
•
Second generation (1959-1965) Transistor
based
•
Third generation (1965-1971) Integrated
Circuit based
•
Fourth generation (1971-1980) VLSI
microprocessor based
•
Fifth generation (1980-onwards) ULSI
microprocessor(Artificial Intelligence) based
First Generation (1946-1959) Vacuum
tube based
•
Storage Device – Magnetic
drum, 1 KB memory
•
Software – Machine and
Assembly language
•
Application – Scientific and
simple business systems
Second generation (1959-1965)
Transistor based
•
Storage Device – Magnetic
tapes, disk, 100 KB memory
•
Software – FORTRAN,
COBOL, Batch operating
system
•
Applications – Extensive
Business applications,
engineering & Scientific
research
Third generation (1965-1971)
Integrated Circuit based
•
Storage Devices – High
speed magnetic cores,
large disk, 1 MB memory
•
Software – FORTRAN-
IV,COBOL 68
•
Applications – on-line
system, Database
management system
Fourth generation (1971-1980) VLSI
microprocessor based
•
Storage –
Semiconductor
memory, 1000 MB disks
•
Software – FORTRAN-
77,PASCAL,COBOL 74
•
Applications – personal
computers,graphics
oriented system,
Fifth generation (1980-onwards) ULSI
microprocessor(Artificial Intelligence)
based
•
Millions of transistors
•
64 bit
•
Used Artificial
Intelligence
•
Software - C and C++,
Java, .Net
The history of computers dates back to 1642 when Blaise Pascal invented an adding machine, leading to Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine design in the 19th century. The evolution of computers progressed through generations from vacuum tubes to microprocessors, each bringing enhancements in storage, memory, software, and applications. The Analytical Engine of 1833 paved the way for steam-powered numerical accuracy, eventually leading to the modern Artificial Intelligence-driven microprocessors. Explore the journey of computers from mechanical gears to integrated circuits and beyond.
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Presentation Transcript
Computer It is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information. The term computer is derived from the Latin Computare which means to calculate . It cannot do anything without a program. It represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits.
History of Computer In 1642 Blaise Pascal (a famous French mathematician) invented an adding machine based on mechanical gears in which numbers were represented by the cogs on the wheels.
The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on.
Features of Analytical Engine Analytical Engine 1833could store numbers powered by steam accurate to six decimal places
Evolution of Computer First Generation (1946-1959) Vacuum tube based Second generation (1959-1965) Transistor based Third generation (1965-1971) Integrated Circuit based Fourth generation (1971-1980) VLSI microprocessor based Fifth generation (1980-onwards) ULSI microprocessor(Artificial Intelligence) based
First Generation (1946-1959) Vacuum tube based Storage Device Magnetic drum, 1 KB memory Software Machine and Assembly language Application Scientific and simple business systems
Second generation (1959-1965) Transistor based Storage Device Magnetic tapes, disk, 100 KB memory Software FORTRAN, COBOL, Batch operating system Applications Extensive Business applications, engineering & Scientific research
Third generation (1965-1971) Integrated Circuit based Storage Devices High speed magnetic cores, large disk, 1 MB memory Software FORTRAN- IV,COBOL 68 Applications on-line system, Database management system
Fourth generation (1971-1980) VLSI microprocessor based Storage Semiconductor memory, 1000 MB disks Software FORTRAN- 77,PASCAL,COBOL 74 Applications personal computers,graphics oriented system,
Fifth generation (1980-onwards) ULSI microprocessor(Artificial Intelligence) based Millions of transistors 64 bit Used Artificial Intelligence Software - C and C++, Java, .Net
