Essential Terms and Concepts in Plant Pathology
Plant pathology involves understanding the various terms and concepts related to plant diseases, pathogens, symptoms, and more. From diseases caused by pathogens like Black Wart of Potato to the importance of inoculum potential and hypersensitivity, this field encompasses a wide range of factors that impact plant health and productivity.
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TERMS AND CONCEPTS USED IN PLANT PATHOLOGY Disease: Deviation from normal physiological functions of the host due to attack by the pathogen Disorder: Non-infectious plant diseases due to abiotic causes Pathogen: Living microorganism which can causes disease Parasite: An organism survive and draw nutrition from other living organism Pathogenicity: The ability of an organism to cause disease Pathogenesis: Chain of events in the disease development Sign: The physical evidence of the pathogen
TERMS AND CONCEPTS USED IN PLANT PATHOLOGY Symptom: External or internal changes in the plant as a result of disease Syndrome: The totality of various symptoms are collectively called Biotroph: An organism that can derive nutrition only from living organism Hemibiotroph: An organism that can attack hostl ike biotroph but continue to grow and derive the nutrition after death of the host Perthotroph : Pathogen kills the host in advance of penetration Inoculum: Part of he pathogen which can cause disease Incubation period: The time interval from penetration till the appearance of first symptoms
TERMS AND CONCEPTS USED IN PLANT PATHOLOGY Inoculum potential: The energy of a parasite available for infection to the host Predisposition: Set of environmental conditions which makes the host vulnerable to attack by the pathogen Hypersensitivity: Extreme sensitivity of cells and tissues killed around the infection Infection : Establishment of host parasite relationship in the host Systemic infection: Pathogen doesnot produce symptoms from point of infection to varying extents through it passes
Various plant pathogens Epidemic disease: Ex: Late blight of potato Irish famine (1845) Endemic: Ex: Black wart of potato Synchytrium endobioticum Sporadic disease: Ex: Angular leaf spot of cucumber Pseudomonas lachrymans Pandemic: Wheat rust-Ug 99 of Puccinia graminis tritici
Black wart of potato Late blight of potato Rice false smut Cucumber angular leaf spot Black stem rust of wheat
