Enhancing Crop Yield Mapping Through Novel Sensing Approach

Case IH, a leader in farm equipment, aims to boost the resolution of yield maps generated during harvest. Current methods provide only average yield data, missing crucial details. By introducing a novel sensing approach utilizing crop height detection technology, a more precise and detailed resolution can be achieved. This advancement will empower farmers to identify and address yield-reducing factors effectively, ultimately enhancing productivity and profitability in agriculture.

• Crop yield
• Sensing technology
• Agriculture
• Novel approach
• Farm equipment

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1. Case IH Combine Yield Preliminary Design Review Team Case IH Combine Yield Trent Fagrell, Jimmy Graham, Troy Steiger and Howard Wang Technical Advisor: Dr. Scott Shearer Sponsor: CNH Industrial America, LLC 1

2. Case IH Combine Yield Case IH Case IH is a global leader in agriculture and farm equipment. Case IH specializes in the design and manufacturer of farm equipment, including tractors, combines, sprayers and planters. http://www.caseih.com/northamerica/en-us/products/harvesting/axial-flow-combines Case IH Project Goal Case IH would like to increase the resolution of yield maps generated at harvest from their machines. 2

3. Case IH Combine Yield Yield Monitor Current yield monitors are based on mass flow measurements using a force impetus sensor. Yield data are recorded and tagged with the GPS location in the field to facilitate the generation of yield maps. http://www.caseih.com/northamerica/en-us/products/harvesting/corn-heads Harvest Process An agricultural combine is a machine that harvests grain crops. This is done in three stages : Reaping Threshing Winnowing 3 http://extension.missouri.edu/p/wq451

4. Case IH Combine Yield Problem Statement Current Yield Maps Current yield maps display average yield at a nearly 20 m2 resolution. Current yield maps show overall trends but, fail to show trends within the area of the combine head. http://schmidagtech.com/trimble-farmworks-mapping-softwar/ High Resolution Yield Maps Low Resolution Low resolution yield maps may filter out underlying yield trends thereby obscuring management factors which affect profitability High resolution yield maps provide a more detailed view of yield trends enabling the farmers to better identify the root causes of yield reductions. High Resolution 4 https://petersonfarmsseed.com/blog/3352-2/

5. Case IH Combine Yield Increasing Yield Map Resolution Remote Sensing Satellite imagery taken over the growing season NDVIG (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-Green) Many providers/resellers (Winfield, Pioneer, The Climate Corporation, etc.) Low cost to producer Aerial Imagery High accuracy High cost Drone Imagery High accuracy Specialized operator skills geoimage.com.au/images/Galleries/Rapid-Eye/new_rapideye.jpg pioneer.com/home/site/us/agronomy/library/remote-sensing-imagery/ 5 http://www.winfield.com/Farmer/Tools/ECMD2-0058307

6. Case IH Combine Yield Problem Solution Novel Sensing Approach Detect crop height during harvest to estimate yield at a more accurate level. Crop height is highly correlated with yield thereby enabling a redistribution of harvested grain mass at a refined resolution. http://www.ifm.com/img/nf_o3m150~lg.jpg Crop height will be detected using a Time of Flight (ToF) ranging device ifm s 3D O3M sensor Facilitates plant height detection at a row by row resolution. http://www.ifm.com/img/Font-Agrar.jpg 6

7. Case IH Combine Yield Concept Evaluation Relative Method Redistribute yield from the yield monitor using crop height Linear Regression Method Estimate yield using crop height data by using a linear estimate Non-Linear Regression Method Estimate yield using crop height data using a non-linear estimate http://usa.weleda.com/Content/ContentTrakker/ Key Criteria Importance of accurate/precise crop height sensing Maintaining project scope Ability to validate final data https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/img/lr/ 7

8. Case IH Combine Yield Optimal Solution: Relative Method Generated the highest rating in the decision matrix We learned accurate/precise height measurements are not critical to project success Plausible within Senior Capstone Design course time constraints Refined yield map resolution easily verifiable through random yield measurements done by hand 8

9. Case IH Combine Yield Relative Method Yield monitor data is redistributed based on height variation of crop as determined using ifm s 3D O3M sensor Sensor operates continuously through the field to create a 3-D map of crop height Improved map resolution achieved by redistributing yield on a row by row basis 9

10. Case IH Combine Yield Future Plans Potential Obstacles Next Steps Yield monitor data is separate from height sensor data Register height data with GPS location Redistribute yield monitor data using crop height GPS offset from sample measurements and height measurements Validate relative yield with hand sample yield measurements 10

11. Case IH Combine Yield Thank you! FABE, CFAES and CoE https://www.osu.edu/ CNH Industrial America, LLC http://caseih.com ifm electronic http://www.inspect-online.com/buyers-guide/ifm-electronic-gmbh 11