Enhanced Energy Storage Model Proposal for Li-ion and Flow Batteries

Exploring similarities and differences between Li-ion and Flow Batteries, the workgroup aims to structure models that build on commonalities without restricting a specific technology. Participants express interest in expanding the models to deeper hierarchical levels. The proposed models cover different components, from base models to individual cells, to enhance understanding and organization within the energy storage domain.

• Energy Storage
• Li-ion Battery
• Flow Battery
• Hierarchical Models
• Batteries

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1. Storage Model Hierarchies Storage Workgroup August 6th, 2015

2. Issue Summary Issue #1: Li-ion and Flow Battery similarities and differences: Li-ion battery terminology: Bank -> String -> Module -> Cell From Andy: Additional protection equipment @ String level or Module level how to include? And how similar/different from Flow? Flow battery terminology: Bank -> String -> DC Battery -> Stack -> Cell Li-ion banks (for grid scale at least) are generally multiple strings Flow battery banks are often just one string, so bank and string are equivalent Issue: How to structure the models to build on similarities but not limit or bog down one technology? Issue #2: Some workgroup participants have expressed interest in having models that go further down the stack . E.g. Li-ion Module model

3. Model Proposal Model Description Fixed Part Repeating Part 801 Energy Storage Base Model Storage Device TBD 802 Battery Base Model Battery Device TBD 803 Lithium Ion Battery Model Li-ion Battery Bank Individual Strings 804 Lithium Ion Battery String Model (New) Li-ion Battery String Individual Modules 805 LithiumIon Module Model (New) Li-ion Battery Module Individual Cells 810 Flow Battery Model Flow Battery Bank Individual Strings 811 Flow Battery String Model (New) Flow Battery String Individual DC Batteries 812 Flow Battery DC Battery Model (New) Flow Battery DC Battery Individual Stacks 813 Flow battery Stack Model (New) Flow Battery Stack Individual Cells

4. Example #1: Simple Li-ion Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 Battery 803 Li-ion Battery String 1 String 2 String N Terminator

5. Example #2: Detailed Li-ion Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 Battery 803 Li-ion Battery Repeating string data in 803 model overlaps somewhat with data exposed in 804 models. 804 models presumably provide more detail. String 1 String 2 String N 804 Li-ion Battery String (String #1) Module 1 Module 2 Module N 804 Li-ion Battery String (String #2) Module 1 Module 2 Module N 804 Li-ion Battery String (String #N) Module 1 Module 2 Module N Terminator

6. Example #3: Super Detailed Li-ion Battery 805 Li-ion Battery Module (String #1, Module #1) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell N 001 - Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 Battery 805 Li-ion Battery Module (String #1, Module #2) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell N 803 Li-ion Battery String 1 String 2 String N 805 Li-ion Battery Module (String #2, Module #1) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell N 804 Li-ion Battery String (String #1) Module 1 Module 2 Module N 805 Li-ion Battery Module (String #2, Module #2) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell N 804 Li-ion Battery String (String #2) Module 1 Module 2 Module N 805 Li-ion Battery Module (String #N, Module #1) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell N 804 Li-ion Battery String (String #N) Module 1 Module 2 Module N 805 Li-ion Battery Module (String #N, Module #2) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell N -> continued Terminator

7. Example #4: Simple Flow Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 Battery 811 Flow Battery String DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 DC Battery N Terminator Note: Only Flow Battery String model 811 is implemented since most flow batteries today are implemented as a single string. Flow Battery Bank model (810) could be implemented, but it would largely be redundant, so it isn t required.

8. Example #5: Detailed Flow Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 Battery 811 Flow Battery String DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 DC Battery N 812 Flow Battery DC Battery (DC Battery #1) Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack N 812 Flow Battery DC Battery (DC Battery #2) Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack N 812 Flow Battery DC Battery (DC Battery #N) Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack N Terminator

9. Example #6: Future Flow Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 Battery 810 Flow Battery Bank String 1 String 2 String N In this example where there are three flow battery strings connected in parallel, the 810 Battery Bank model is implemented to provide aggregation 811 Flow Battery String (String #1) DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 DC Battery N 811 Flow Battery String (String #2) DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 DC Battery N 811 Flow Battery String (String #N) DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 DC Battery N Terminator