Empirical Successes of Newton's Theory of Gravity
Empirical successes of Newton’s theory of gravity
•
All bodies fall at same rate near earth’s surface.
•
Moon’s acceleration is 1/60
2
smaller than acceleration at surface
•
Explains all three of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion:
Each planet moves in an ellipse with the sun at one focus
Planet moves faster when closer to the sun: equal area in equal time
Period
2
is proportional to (semi-major axis)
3
•
Jupiter’s moons obey Kepler’s 3rd law with different constant of
proportionality
•
Tides caused by gravity of moon, and sun: two high tides per day
•
Comets move on highly elongated elliptical orbits
•
Planets have a small gravitational effect on each other, e.g., Jupiter an
Saturn
•
Planet Uranus discovered with telescope in 1781. Planet Neptune
discovered 50 years later because orbit of Uranus is perturbed by
gravity of Neptune.
We have now completed our whirlwind overview of Newton's
theory of motion and gravity and the empirical evidence that
supports this theory.
What did you learn that most surprised you?
Newton's theory of gravity has been empirically validated through observations such as the uniform rate of falling bodies, explanation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion, discovery of new planets, influence on tides, and more. These findings illustrate the depth of understanding achieved by Newton in explaining fundamental aspects of celestial mechanics.
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Presentation Transcript
Empirical successes of Newtons theory of gravity All bodies fall at same rate near earth s surface. Moon s acceleration is 1/602 smaller than acceleration at surface Explains all three of Kepler s laws of planetary motion: Each planet moves in an ellipse with the sun at one focus Planet moves faster when closer to the sun: equal area in equal time Period2 is proportional to (semi-major axis)3 Jupiter s moons obey Kepler s 3rd law with different constant of proportionality Tides caused by gravity of moon, and sun: two high tides per day Comets move on highly elongated elliptical orbits Planets have a small gravitational effect on each other, e.g., Jupiter an Saturn Planet Uranus discovered with telescope in 1781. Planet Neptune discovered 50 years later because orbit of Uranus is perturbed by gravity of Neptune.
We have now completed our whirlwind overview of Newton's theory of motion and gravity and the empirical evidence that supports this theory. What did you learn that most surprised you?
