Emergency Response and Management Overview
DEFINITION OF TERMS
EMERGENCY
– is an event natural and man-made,
sudden or progressive, which impacts with such
severity that the affected community has to respond
by taking exceptional measures.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
– are measures which are
taken immediately prior to and following an
emergency. Such measures are directed towards
saving life, protecting property and dealing with the
immediate damage caused by the disaster.
SUPERVISION
– means working with and through
non-management employees to meet the objective
of the organization and the needs of employee.
COMMAND
– is a process through which the -
commander conducts overall direction of the flow of
operations performed by various emergency
services.
CONTROL
– is a mechanism through which the
commander of an organization regulates or guides
the operations activities of various emergency
services.
COORDINATION
–
is a process through which actors
involved in humanitarian assistance, as a result of
emergency, work together in a logical and concerted effort
towards an agreed common end, that is to protect the
victims, to save life and help resume the normal activities to
ensure maximum efficiency with the resources available.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS
OBJECTIVES:
•
To limit casualties
•
Alleviate hardships and sufferings
•
Restore essential life support and community systems
•
Mitigate further damage and loss
•
To provide foundation for subsequent recovery.
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONSE
•
Type of disaster
•
Severity and extent of disaster
•
Ability to take pre-impact action
•
Capability for sustained operations
•
Identification of likely response requirements
THE MAJOR REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE
1.
General background of preparedness
2.
Readiness of resource organizations
3.
Warning
4.
Evacuation
5.
Activation of the Response System
6.
Coordination of Response Operations
7.
Communications
8.
Survey and Assessment
9.
Information Management
10.
Major emergency response aspects
11.
Allocation of tasks
12.
Availability of relief supplies and commodities
13.
International assistance resources
14.
Public cooperation
15.
Media cooperation
16.
Pattern of response
management
17.
Period of response
operations
STAGES OF RESPONSE
1.
Warning Stage
2. Threat Stage
3. Incident Stage
4. Assessment Stage
5. Rescue Stage
6. Relief Stage
1.
WARNING STAGE
– emergency operations center of the
more likely affected localities area activated.
2.
THREAT STAGE
– begins with changes in conditions
which indicate the likelihood of the disaster.
3.
INCIDENT STAGE
– may consist of a single event of
limited duration, such as: an explosion, building
collapse, flashflood or transport accident, or may be a
multiple event extending over a period of time.
4.
ASSESSMENT STAGE
– is a period of adjustment and
taking stock after the disaster.
5.
RESCUE STAGE
– characterized by the self-help and by
large spontaneously, unrecognized activity to extricate
survivors and to take precautionary and survival actions
against secondary threats.
6
. RELIEF STAGE
– the period in which agencies and trained
personnel acting on the DCC Chairman’s instructions move
into the incident area and take charge.
Activation of the
DISASTER OPERATION
CENTER (DOC)
LEVEL OF ACTIVATION OF DOC
*
ALERT
*
STAND-BY
*
ACTION
MAKING THE DISASTER OPERATION CENTER
OPERATIONAL
•
Alert the DOC personnel
•
Activation of the communications equipment
support facilities
•
Initiate the Message Flow System
•
Make available the appropriate logs, maps and
status board
•
Prepare a shift roster
•
Announce briefing schedules
•
Provide the necessities
Incident Command System (ICS)
– protocol used for managing emergencies and has become a
benchmark by which all disaster are managed.
“ICS is based upon a flexible, scalable response organization
providing a common framework within which people can work
together effectively. These people may be drawn from multiple
agencies that do not routinely work together, and ICS is designed to
give standard response and operation procedures to reduce the
problems and potential for miscommunication on such incidents”.
ICS provided that a safety officer be present to monitor and address
all safety issues.
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
Establishment of Incident Command Post (ICP)
1. SECURITY SERVICE
-Information Desk
-Parent Reception
2. TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
3. HEALTH SERVICE
4. COMMUNICATION AND WARNING
5. FIRE SERVICE
6. SEARCH AND RESCUE
7. RELIEF AND REHABILITATION SERVICE
ESTABLISHMENT OF INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS
)
MANAGING MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI)
- Mobile Command Sector
- Supply Sector
- Extrication Sector
- Triage Sector
TRIAGE
– is an on going process and should begin at the point of
rescue. Second and third level triage is done in the treatment
and transportation sector, respectively. Patients tagging or
identification is critical to the successful initial triage of every
patient casualty on site. The tagging system should be;
- FAST TO UNDERSTAND
- STANDARDIZED
- LASTLY AFFIXED TO THE PATIENT
TYPICAL PATIENT TAGGING SYSTEM SIGNIFYING
COLORS:
RED
A. First Priority
B. Most Urgent
C. Life-threatening shock or hypoxia is present or
imminent, but the patient can be stabilized and if
given care, will probably survive.
YELLOW
A. Second Priority
B. Urgent
C. Injuries have systematic implications or effects but the
patients are not yet in life-threatening shock or
hypoxia.
TYPICAL PATIENT TAGGING SYSTEM SIGNIFYING
COLORS:
GREEN
A. Third Priority
B. Non-Urgent
C. Injuries are localized without immediate systematic
implications. With a minimum of care, these
patients generally do not deteriorate up to several
hours.
BLACK
A. Dead
B. No distinction can be made between clinical and
biologic death in a mass casualty incident
Understanding emergency response involves defining terms like emergency, supervision, command, and coordination. This includes the objectives of emergency response operations, key characteristics, requirements for effective response, and stages of response such as warning, threat, incident, assessment, rescue, and relief.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
DEFINITION OF TERMS EMERGENCY is an event natural and man-made, sudden or progressive, which impacts with such severity that the affected community has to respond by taking exceptional measures. EMERGENCY RESPONSE are measures which are taken immediately prior to and following an emergency. Such measures are directed towards saving life, protecting property and dealing with the immediate damage caused by the disaster.
SUPERVISION means working with and through non-management employees to meet the objective of the organization and the needs of employee. COMMAND is a process through which the - commander conducts overall direction of the flow of operations performed by various emergency services. CONTROL is a mechanism through which the commander of an organization regulates or guides the operations activities of various emergency services.
COORDINATIONis a process through which actors involved in humanitarian assistance, as a result of emergency, work together in a logical and concerted effort towards an agreed common end, that is to protect the victims, to save life and help resume the normal activities to ensure maximum efficiency with the resources available. EMERGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS OBJECTIVES: To limit casualties Alleviate hardships and sufferings Restore essential life support and community systems Mitigate further damage and loss To provide foundation for subsequent recovery.
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONSE Type of disaster Severity and extent of disaster Ability to take pre-impact action Capability for sustained operations Identification of likely response requirements
THE MAJOR REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE 1. General background of preparedness 2. Readiness of resource organizations 3. Warning 4. Evacuation 5. Activation of the Response System 6. Coordination of Response Operations 7. Communications 8. Survey and Assessment 9. Information Management 10.Major emergency response aspects 11.Allocation of tasks 12.Availability of relief supplies and commodities 13. International assistance resources 14. Public cooperation 15.Media cooperation 16.Pattern of response management 17.Period of response operations
STAGES OF RESPONSE 1. Warning Stage 2. Threat Stage 3. Incident Stage 4. Assessment Stage 5. Rescue Stage 6. Relief Stage
1. WARNING STAGE emergency operations center of the more likely affected localities area activated. 2. THREAT STAGE begins with changes in conditions which indicate the likelihood of the disaster. 3. INCIDENT STAGE may consist of a single event of limited duration, such as: an explosion, building collapse, flashflood or transport accident, or may be a multiple event extending over a period of time.
4. ASSESSMENT STAGE is a period of adjustment and taking stock after the disaster. 5. RESCUE STAGE characterized by the self-help and by large spontaneously, unrecognized activity to extricate survivors and to take precautionary and survival actions against secondary threats. 6. RELIEF STAGE the period in which agencies and trained personnel acting on the DCC Chairman s instructions move into the incident area and take charge.
Activation of the DISASTER OPERATION CENTER (DOC) LEVEL OF ACTIVATION OF DOC * * * ALERT STAND-BY ACTION
MAKING THE DISASTER OPERATION CENTER OPERATIONAL Alert the DOC personnel Activation of the communications equipment support facilities Initiate the Message Flow System Make available the appropriate logs, maps and status board Prepare a shift roster Announce briefing schedules Provide the necessities
Incident Command System (ICS) protocol used for managing emergencies and has become a benchmark by which all disaster are managed. ICS is based upon a flexible, scalable response organization providing a common framework within which people can work together effectively. These people may be drawn from multiple agencies that do not routinely work together, and ICS is designed to give standard response and operation procedures to reduce the problems and potential for miscommunication on such incidents . ICS provided that a safety officer be present to monitor and address all safety issues.
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM Establishment of Incident Command Post (ICP) 1. SECURITY SERVICE -Information Desk -Parent Reception 2. TRANSPORTATION SERVICE 3. HEALTH SERVICE 4. COMMUNICATION AND WARNING 5. FIRE SERVICE 6. SEARCH AND RESCUE 7. RELIEF AND REHABILITATION SERVICE
ESTABLISHMENT OF INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS) MANAGING MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) - Mobile Command Sector - Supply Sector - Extrication Sector - Triage Sector TRIAGE is an on going process and should begin at the point of rescue. Second and third level triage is done in the treatment and transportation sector, respectively. Patients tagging or identification is critical to the successful initial triage of every patient casualty on site. The tagging system should be; - FAST TO UNDERSTAND - STANDARDIZED - LASTLY AFFIXED TO THE PATIENT
TYPICAL PATIENT TAGGING SYSTEM SIGNIFYING COLORS: RED A. First Priority B. Most Urgent C. Life-threatening shock or hypoxia is present or imminent, but the patient can be stabilized and if given care, will probably survive. YELLOW A. Second Priority B. Urgent C. Injuries have systematic implications or effects but the patients are not yet in life-threatening shock or hypoxia.
TYPICAL PATIENT TAGGING SYSTEM SIGNIFYING COLORS: GREEN A. Third Priority B. Non-Urgent C. Injuries are localized without immediate systematic implications. With a minimum of care, these patients generally do not deteriorate up to several hours. BLACK A. Dead B. No distinction can be made between clinical and biologic death in a mass casualty incident
