Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Igor Neuhold
15
th
September 2023
EDMS reference
2
Ohm’s law
U
=
R
x
I
U = Voltage [V]
I = Current [A]
R = Resistance [
Ώ
]
Georg Ohm
1789 -1854
It starts with the electron...
Schrödinger Equation for the hydrogen atom
Electricity
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3
Ohm’s law
U
=
R
x
I
U = Voltage [V]
I = Current [A]
R = Resistance [
Ώ
]
Georg Ohm
1789 -1854
It starts with the electron...
Schrödinger Equation for the hydrogen atom
Electricity
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6
6
k
V
T
R
A
N
S
M
I
S
S
I
O
N
Electricity
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Types of risk
5
Electrical Arc
Electrical Fire
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Direct contact
Indirect contact
Types of risk-
Electric shock: Direct and Indirect contact
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Electrical arc
7
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Electrical Fire
8
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Non-electrical work
9
When working near electricity, there is
always a risk, which depends on the:
•
type of activity;
•
proximity.
If the electrical risk cannot be
eliminated, a “Habilitation Electrique”
title is required.
Non-electrical work can also lead to electrical accidents!!!!!
Drilling near live cables has
significant risk.
I
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
a
t
C
E
R
N
:
D
r
i
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
l
i
v
e
c
a
b
l
e
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Electrical Hazards (at CERN)
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If you find an unsafe condition – report it
immediately !!
11
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12
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Ingress protection – Direct contact
13
Preventing direct contact:
•
F
o
r
l
o
w
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
,
I
P
2
X
i
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
a
n
s
y
o
u
c
a
n
n
o
t
t
o
u
c
h
a
l
i
v
e
p
a
r
t
w
i
t
h
y
o
u
r
f
i
n
g
e
r
.
•
F
o
r
h
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
,
I
P
3
X
i
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
a
n
s
y
o
u
c
a
n
n
o
t
t
o
u
c
h
a
l
i
v
e
p
a
r
t
w
i
t
h
a
f
i
n
g
e
r
o
r
a
t
o
o
l
.
•
The X means that any water rating is ok, since we
do not normally expect water in our experiments.
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Grounding – Indirect contact
Earthing
= Grounding
earthing
mm
2
= phase conductor
mm
2
1 cable = 1 connection point
Metallic doors to equipment racks shall also be earthed.
High frequency equipment: particular attention is required to earthing!
Do not remove earth cables unless the equipment is being dismantled.
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14
Residual Current Devices- RCD
D
A
N
G
E
R
O
F
D
E
A
T
H
Source: IEC 60479-1
Time / current zones of the effect of AC current (15 Hz to 100 Hz) on the human body
30mA RCD
R
C
D
=
S
a
f
e
t
y
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
Residual Current Device
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15
Cuts power only locally (room/zone).
Does not call the fire brigade.
CERN Specifics- Safety buttons
A
U
L
-
L
o
c
a
l
E
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
S
t
o
p
Evacuation alarm
Triggers evacuation sirens, immediately calls fire brigade.
Does NOT cut electrical power.
A
U
E
-
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
E
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
S
t
o
p
Cuts power to a piece of equipment or
a single rack.
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16
C
E
R
N
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
s
-
S
a
f
e
t
y
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
c
a
b
i
n
e
t
w
i
t
h
o
r
a
n
g
e
s
t
r
i
p
e
s
:
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
n
o
t
c
u
t
o
f
f
b
y
A
U
G
o
r
A
U
L
.
This is reserved for life safety functions and those systems where a power
cut causes increased risk (e.g. gas racks, irradiation sources).
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PPE and
tools
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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18
Consequences- Electrical Shock
19
D
A
N
G
E
R
O
F
D
E
A
T
H
Source: IEC 60479-1
Time / current zones of effect of AC
current (15 Hz to 100 Hz) on human body
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Rules
20
As an intergovernmental organisation, CERN establishes its own safety rules as
necessary for its functioning taking into account relevant Host States, as well as
European and International regulations and standards.
Does CERN need to
apply Electrical safety
standards and if yes,
which one
s?
Electrical Safety Code C1
Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Learn about electrical safety measures, types of risks, and incidents to avoid when working with or near electricity. Stay informed to prevent accidents and maintain a safe environment. Ensure compliance and minimize hazards to protect yourself and others.
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Presentation Transcript
Electrical Safety Igor Neuhold 15thSeptember 2023 EDMS reference
Electricity It starts with the electron... Georg Ohm 1789 -1854 Schr dinger Equation for the hydrogen atom U = R x I Ohm s law U = Voltage [V] I = Current [A] R = Resistance [ ] 2 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Electricity It starts with the electron... Georg Ohm 1789 -1854 Schr dinger Equation for the hydrogen atom U = R x I Ohm s law U = Voltage [V] I = Current [A] R = Resistance [ ] 3 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Electricity HVB Line CERN uses 1.3 TWh of electricity annually. That represents approximately a third of the consumption of the Canton of Geneva. TRANSMISSION HVB/HVB RTE/SIG 400 kV/130 kV 66 kV LHC 18 kV HVB/HVB DISTRIBUTION HVB/HVA LV 400 V HVA/LV 18 kV INSTALLATIONS Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Types of risk Electric contact Direct / Indirect Live parts Current route Current route Electrical Arc Electrical Fire 5 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Types of risk- Electric shock: Direct and Indirect contact Direct contact Indirect contact Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Electrical arc By touching a cable to the battery, a short circuit was produced. It created an electric arc which burned the victim s right hand. Cable and battery in short circuit 7 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Electrical Fire 8 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Non-electrical work Non-electrical work can also lead to electrical accidents!!!!! When working near electricity, there is always a risk, which depends on the: type of activity; proximity. If the electrical risk cannot be eliminated, a Habilitation Electrique title is required. Drilling near live cables has significant risk. Incident at CERN: Drilling through a live cable 9 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Electrical Hazards (at CERN) Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
If you find an unsafe condition report it immediately !! In case of imminent danger, do not hesitate to contact CERN Fire & Rescue Service Do you know who to contact? 74444 +41 22 767 4444 11 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Always check your equipment before performing any work. Always check your working environment before performing any work. 12 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Ingress protection Direct contact Preventing direct contact: For low voltage equipment, IP2X is required. This means you cannot touch a live part with your finger. For high voltage equipment, IP3X is required. This means you cannot touch a live part with a finger or a tool. The X means that any water rating is ok, since we do not normally expect water in our experiments. Test Fingers 13 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Grounding Indirect contact Earthing = Grounding earthing mm2 = phase conductor mm2 1 cable = 1 connection point Metallic doors to equipment racks shall also be earthed. High frequency equipment: particular attention is required to earthing! Do not remove earth cables unless the equipment is being dismantled. 14 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Residual Current Devices- RCD RCD = Safety Equipment Residual Current Device D A N G E R O F D E A T H Source: IEC 60479-1 30mA RCD Time / current zones of the effect of AC current (15 Hz to 100 Hz) on the human body 15 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
CERN Specifics- Safety buttons AUL - Local Emergency Stop AUE - Equipment Emergency Stop AUG - General Emergency Stop Cuts power only locally (room/zone). Does not call the fire brigade. Cuts power to a piece of equipment or a single rack. Cuts all power in the vicinity and immediately calls fire brigade. Evacuation alarm Triggers evacuation sirens, immediately calls fire brigade. Does NOT cut electrical power. 16 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
CERNSpecifics - Safety equipment identification Special attention to the cabinet with orange stripes: they are not cut off by AUG or AUL. This is reserved for life safety functions and those systems where a power cut causes increased risk (e.g. gas racks, irradiation sources). Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
PPE and tools Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protective Helmet Electrical SCEM 50.43.30.D Electrical Protection Gloves SCEM 50.43.20.EA NOMEX Jacket SCEM 50.45.10.A Safety shoes SCEM 50.43.10.A Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety 18
Consequences- Electrical Shock Check-up! D A N G E R O F D E A T H 74444 +41 22 767 4444 30mA RCD Time / current zones of effect of AC current (15 Hz to 100 Hz) on human body Source: IEC 60479-1 19 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
Rules Does CERN need to apply Electrical safety standards and if yes, which ones? As an intergovernmental organisation, CERN establishes its own safety rules as necessary for its functioning taking into account relevant Host States, as well as European and International regulations and standards. Electrical Safety Code C1 20 Beamline for Schools 2023- Electrical Safety
