Ecology: Interactions in Ecosystems
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Ecology!
Learning Targets
Describe the study of ecology.
➨
Explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem. (outside, Frisbee lab) planaria
(effects,
➨
Describe how primary producers and consumers obtain energy and nutrients. (Jenn’s diary lab,
create food chains including specific species )
➨
Trace the flow of energy through living systems.
➨
Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Carbon/water
(looking at cycles there – using food chains, guided questions, limiting factor here? Why? Using hoola
hoop)
Mary s young (cheat sheet)
➨
Describe how the availability of nutrients affects the productivity of ecosystems.
➨
Define a niche.
➨
Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature (lecture outside, using hoola hoop).
➨
Describe how ecosystems recover from a disturbance.
➨
Identify factors that affect population growth.
➨
Describe how human activities can affect the biosphere.
➨
Define biodiversity and explain its value.
➨
Explain the concept of ecological footprint.
Monday (All Classes)___
9/25/17
Warm Up:
What does abnormal mean?
What does Abiotic mean?
Agenda:
•
Happy Monday
•
Complete Radish Lab! Turn
in!
•
Begin Ecology
•
Notes
•
Abiotic/Biotic
•
OUTSIDE TOMORROW
Learning Targets
:
•
Describe the study of ecology.
•
Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
The Biosphere
Chapter 3
What is Ecology?
Ecology
•
The study of the
interactions
among
organisms and between organisms
their
environment.
Biosphere
All parts of the Earth where
life can exist
(land, water
and air).
Biotic vs. Abiotic
Biotic
: the
living
factors in an ecosystem
Abiotic
: the
nonliving
factors in an ecosystem
Early Release (3,4)___
9/27/17
Warm Up:
How do Abiotic Factors and
Biotic Factors influence an
ecosystem?
Create a list of abiotic factors
that effect our local ecosystem –
where we climbed.
Agenda:
•
Outside: Abiotic and Biotic
Factors
Learning Targets
:
•
Describe the study of ecology.
•
Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Thursday (All Classes)
9/28/17
Warm Up:
How can populations of spiders
in Wilderness Park be impacted
by birds?
Agenda:
•
Producer-Consumer Notes
•
What’s for Lunch? Activity
Learning Targets
:
•
Describe the study of ecology.
•
Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Levels of Organization
Ecosystem
: interactions among
the community and
abiotic
factors
Community
: group of
interacting
populations
Population
: group of one
species living in the same place
at the
same time
Energy, Producers, and
Consumers
Autotrophs
•
An organism that can
make
its own food.
•
Use
photosynthesis
or
chemosynthesis.
•
Also called
producers.
Heterotrophs
• An organism that has to get
its food from
others.
• Also called
consumers
.
Types of Heterotrophs
Herbivores
: eat only
plants
Carnivores
: eat only
meat
Omnivores
: eat both
plants and meat
Detritovores
: break down
dead
material;
decomposers
Scavengers
: eat
dead animals
Energy Flow in
Ecosystems
Feeding Relationships
•
Food chains
: less complex
•
Food webs
: show all eating relationships in an ecosystem. BETTER!
Trophic Levels
• Each step in a
food chain
.
• As you move up
trophic levels,
90%
of the
energy is lost.
Ecological Pyramids
• Energy Pyramid
(kCal)
Friday (All Classes)
9/29/17
Warm Up:
How can populations of spiders
in Wilderness Park be impacted
by birds?
Agenda:
•
Complete What’s for
Lunch?
•
Cycles of Matter Notes
•
Your Personal Ecosystem
Learning Targets
:
•
Describe the study of ecology.
•
Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Monday (All Classes)
10/02/17
Warm Up:
What is a water shed?
Agenda:
•
Go over notes!
•
Food Chain Video
•
Water Cycle Lab
Learning Targets
:
•
Describe the process of the Water Cycle and its interactions with living things.
Cycles of Matter
The Water Cycle
Nutrient
Chemicals
an organism needs to sustain life.
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
A-Day (1,2,5,6)_
10/03/17
Agenda:
•
Go over whats for lunch
•
Notes for Carbon and
nitrogen
•
Complete Water Cycle
Activity
•
Whale Videos
•
Notes for Niches
Warm Up:
Please get your note packet and
“What’s for Lunch?” Activity out
Please get your Water Cycle activity
out to be stamped. Through question
4.
Warm Up: Please create a mini food
web for whales!
Learning Target(s)
– What you should be able to do by the end of today:
•
Trace the flow of energy through living systems.
•
Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Ecosystems &
Communities
Chapter 4
Niches & Community
Interactions
Niche
•
Everything
an organism does to
survive.
•
All
physical
and
biological
conditions.
•
What it eats, where it lives (
habitat
), how it
avoids predators, etc
.
Competition
Occurs when two organisms want the
same resource at the same time.
Competitive Exclusion Principle
: No
two species can occupy the same niche
at the same time.
Predation
•
An interaction where one organism
captures
and
feeds
on another
organism.
•
Predator
: the “killer”
•
Prey
:
the “killed”
Keystone Species
A species that exerts strong
control on the structure of a
community
so that changes to
its population causes
dramatic
changes
Ex: sea otters
Symbiosis
•
Any relationship in which two species live closely together.
•
Mutualism
:
both
species
benefit
•
Ex: bees and flowers
•
Commensalism
: one species
benefits
while the other is not
affected
•
Ex: barnacles on a whale
•
Parasitism
: one species
benefits
, while the other is
harmed
•
Ex: tapeworms- YUK!
Examples of Symbiosis
Succession
Ecological Succession
•
The series of predictable changes that occur in an
ecosystem over time.
•
Primary Succession
: occurs where there is
no soil
•
1st: lichens; 2nd: mosses; 3rd tree seedlings appear
•
Ex: after a
volcano
erupts
•
Secondary Succession
: occurs where there is
soil
•
Ex: after a
forest fire
Climate
Weather vs. Climate
•
Weather
: the
day to day
condition of the Earth at a
particular
time
and
place
•
Climate
: the average,
year-to-year
conditions of
temperature
and
precipitation
Effect of Latitude on Climate
•
The tilt of the Earth creates
climate zones based on
latitude:
•
Polar
•
Temperate
•
Tropical
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
•
Unequal heating of the
Earth drives
winds
and
ocean currents.
•
Air and water near the
equator
heats
and
rises.
Ozone Layer
•
Layer of the Earth’s atmosphere (
13-20
km above Earth) containing
ozone
(O
3
).
•
Absorbs 93-99% of
UV light.
The Greenhouse Effect
•
Natural situation where
gases
trap the sun’s heat
energy in the
atmosphere.
•
Maintains our
climate.
(Earth would be
30 ºC
cooler without it.)
Humans in the
Biosphere
Carrying Capacity
The
maximum
number of individuals of a particular species that a particular
environment can
support.
Resources
Renewable Resource
: can be
replaced
by a healthy ecosystem
Ex: trees, wind
Nonrenewable Resource
:
can’t
be replenished by natural processes in a
reasonable
amount of time
Ex: fossil fuels
Biological Magnification
Increasing
concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher
trophic
levels in a food chain
Biodiversity
All of the organisms in the
biosphere
Ecological hot spot
: a place where significant numbers of species and habitats
are in
immediate
danger of extinction
Conservation
“wise use”
studying the loss of biodiversity & ways it can be
prevented
Ecological footprint
The total area of functioning land and water ecosystems needed to
provide
resources and
absorb
the wastes of an individual or population.
Used to calculate the biosphere’s carrying capacity for
humans
.
Tragedy of the Commons
The situation that occurs when everyone tries to reap the most benefit from a
common resource and as a result, that resource is destroyed.
Ex:
overfishing
Explore the intricate web of interactions in ecosystems through the study of ecology. Learn how biotic and abiotic factors shape ecosystems, trace energy flow, and understand nutrient cycles. Discover the importance of biodiversity and the impact of human activities on the biosphere. Dive into topics like symbiotic relationships, population growth, and ecological footprints.
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Presentation Transcript
Learning Targets Describe the study of ecology. Explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem. (outside, Frisbee lab) planaria (effects, Describe how primary producers and consumers obtain energy and nutrients. (Jenn s diary lab, create food chains including specific species ) Trace the flow of energy through living systems. Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Carbon/water (looking at cycles there using food chains, guided questions, limiting factor here? Why? Using hoola hoop) Mary s young (cheat sheet) Describe how the availability of nutrients affects the productivity of ecosystems. Define a niche. Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature (lecture outside, using hoola hoop). Describe how ecosystems recover from a disturbance. Identify factors that affect population growth. Describe how human activities can affect the biosphere. Define biodiversity and explain its value. Explain the concept of ecological footprint.
Monday (All Classes)___ 9/25/17 Agenda: Warm Up: What does abnormal mean? Happy Monday Complete Radish Lab! Turn in! Begin Ecology Notes Abiotic/Biotic OUTSIDE TOMORROW Learning Targets: Describe the study of ecology. Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem. What does Abiotic mean?
The Biosphere Chapter 3
Ecology The study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms their environment.
Biosphere All parts of the Earth where life can exist (land, water and air).
Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic: the living factors in an ecosystem Abiotic: the nonliving factors in an ecosystem
Early Release (3,4)___ 9/27/17 Agenda: Warm Up: How do Abiotic Factors and Biotic Factors influence an ecosystem? Outside: Abiotic and Biotic Factors Create a list of abiotic factors that effect our local ecosystem where we climbed. Learning Targets: Describe the study of ecology. Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Thursday (All Classes) 9/28/17 Agenda: Producer-Consumer Notes What s for Lunch? Activity Warm Up: How can populations of spiders in Wilderness Park be impacted by birds? Learning Targets: Describe the study of ecology. Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Levels of Organization Ecosystem: interactions among the community and abiotic factors Community: group of interacting populations Population: group of one species living in the same place at the same time
Energy, Producers, and Consumers
Autotrophs An organism that can make its own food. Use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Also called producers.
Heterotrophs An organism that has to get its food from others. Also called consumers.
Types of Heterotrophs Herbivores: eat only plants Carnivores: eat only meat Omnivores: eat both plants and meat Detritovores: break down dead material; decomposers Scavengers: eat dead animals
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Feeding Relationships Food chains: less complex Food webs: show all eating relationships in an ecosystem. BETTER!
Trophic Levels Each step in a food chain. As you move up trophic levels, 90% of the energy is lost.
Ecological Pyramids Energy Pyramid (kCal)
Friday (All Classes) 9/29/17 Agenda: Complete What s for Lunch? Cycles of Matter Notes Your Personal Ecosystem Warm Up: How can populations of spiders in Wilderness Park be impacted by birds? Learning Targets: Describe the study of ecology. Explain how abiotic and biotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Monday (All Classes) 10/02/17 Agenda: Go over notes! Food Chain Video Water Cycle Lab Warm Up: What is a water shed? Learning Targets: Describe the process of the Water Cycle and its interactions with living things.
Nutrient Chemicals an organism needs to sustain life. Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous
A-Day (1,2,5,6)_ 10/03/17 Agenda: Go over whats for lunch Notes for Carbon and nitrogen Complete Water Cycle Activity Whale Videos Notes for Niches Warm Up: Please get your note packet and What s for Lunch? Activity out Please get your Water Cycle activity out to be stamped. Through question 4. Warm Up: Please create a mini food web for whales! Learning Target(s) What you should be able to do by the end of today: Trace the flow of energy through living systems. Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Ecosystems & Communities Chapter 4
Niches & Community Interactions
Niche Everything an organism does to survive. All physical and biological conditions. What it eats, where it lives (habitat), how it avoids predators, etc.
Competition Occurs when two organisms want the same resource at the same time. Competitive Exclusion Principle: No two species can occupy the same niche at the same time.
Predation An interaction where one organism captures and feeds on another organism. Predator: the killer Prey: the killed
Keystone Species A species that exerts strong control on the structure of a community so that changes to its population causes dramatic changes Ex: sea otters
Symbiosis Any relationship in which two species live closely together. Mutualism: both species benefit Ex: bees and flowers Commensalism: one species benefits while the other is not affected Ex: barnacles on a whale Parasitism: one species benefits, while the other is harmed Ex: tapeworms- YUK! Examples of Symbiosis
Ecological Succession The series of predictable changes that occur in an ecosystem over time. Primary Succession: occurs where there is no soil 1st: lichens; 2nd: mosses; 3rd tree seedlings appear Ex: after a volcano erupts Secondary Succession: occurs where there is soil Ex: after a forest fire
Weather vs. Climate Weather: the day to day condition of the Earth at a particular time and place Climate: the average, year-to-year conditions of temperature and precipitation
Effect of Latitude on Climate The tilt of the Earth creates climate zones based on latitude: Polar Temperate Tropical
Heat Transport in the Biosphere Unequal heating of the Earth drives winds and ocean currents. Air and water near the equator heats and rises.
Ozone Layer Layer of the Earth s atmosphere (13-20 km above Earth) containing ozone (O3). Absorbs 93-99% of UV light.
The Greenhouse Effect Natural situation where gases trap the sun s heat energy in the atmosphere. Maintains our climate. (Earth would be 30 C cooler without it.)
Humans in the Biosphere
Carrying Capacity The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support.
Resources Renewable Resource: can be replaced by a healthy ecosystem Ex: trees, wind Nonrenewable Resource: can t be replenished by natural processes in a reasonable amount of time Ex: fossil fuels
Biological Magnification Increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain
Biodiversity All of the organisms in the biosphere Ecological hot spot: a place where significant numbers of species and habitats are in immediate danger of extinction
Conservation wise use studying the loss of biodiversity & ways it can be prevented
Ecological footprint The total area of functioning land and water ecosystems needed to provide resources and absorb the wastes of an individual or population. Used to calculate the biosphere s carrying capacity for humans.
