Disaster Medical Operations Part 2 - CERT Basic Training
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CERT Basic Training
Unit 4
4-1
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3 “Killers”
Airway obstruction
Excessive bleeding
Shock
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
C
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Gather Facts
2.
Assess Damage
3.
Consider Probabilities
4.
Assess Your Situation
5.
Establish Priorities
6.
Make Decisions
7.
Develop Plan of Action
8.
Take Action
9.
Evaluate Progress
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations –
Part 2
4-2
4-3
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Take appropriate sanitation measures to
help protect public health
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Perform head-to-toe patient assessments
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Establish a treatment area
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Apply splints to suspected fractures and
sprains
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Employ basic treatments for other injuries
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-4
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Public Health
Considerations
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Functions of Disaster
Medical Operations
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Establishing Medical
Treatment Areas
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Conducting Head-to-
Toe Assessments
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Treating Burns
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Wound Care
●
Treating Fractures,
Dislocations, Sprains,
and Strains
●
Nasal Injuries
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Treating Cold-Related
Injuries
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Treating Heat-Related
Injuries
●
Bites and Stings
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-5
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Maintaining proper hygiene
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Maintaining proper sanitation
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Purifying water (if necessary)
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Preventing spread
of disease
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-6
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Wash hands frequently
Or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer
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Wear non-latex exam gloves
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Wear N95 mask and goggles
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Keep dressings sterile
●
Avoid contact with body fluids
“If it is warm, wet, and not yours,
don’t touch it!”
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-7
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Control disposal of bacterial sources
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Put waste products in plastic bags
Tie off bags and mark them as medical waste
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Bury human waste
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-8
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Boil water for 1 minute
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Water purification tablets
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Non-perfumed liquid bleach
8 drops/gal of water
16 drops/gal if water is cloudy
Let stand for 30 minutes
before use
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-9
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Triage
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Treatment
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Transport
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Morgue
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Supply
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-10
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Select site and set up
treatment area as soon as
injured survivors are
confirmed
●
When determining best
location(s) for treatment
area, consider:
Safety of rescuers and
survivors
Most effective use of
resources
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-11
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The site selected
should be:
In a safe area, free of
hazards and debris
Upwind, uphill, and
upstream (if possible)
from hazard zone(s)
Accessible by
transportation vehicles
Expandable
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-12
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To help meet the challenge of limited
resources, CERT may need to establish:
Decentralized medical treatment location (more than
one location)
Centralized medical treatment location (one location)
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-13
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Four treatment areas:
“I” for Immediate care
“D” for Delayed care
“M” for Minor injuries/walking wounded
“DEAD” for the morgue
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-14
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CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-15
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Assign treatment leader to each treatment area
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Document thoroughly
Available identifying information
Description (age, sex, body build, estimated height)
Clothing
Injuries
Treatment
Transfer location
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-16
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Objectives of head-to-
toe assessment:
Determine extent of
injuries
Determine type of
treatment needed
Document injuries
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-17
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Deformities
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Contusions
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Abrasions
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Punctures
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Burns
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Tenderness
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Lacerations
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Swelling
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-18
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Light damage: assess in place
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Moderate damage: move to treatment
area first
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Assess and tag everyone
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Both verbal and hands on
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-19
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Pay careful attention
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Look, listen, and feel
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Check own hands for patient bleeding
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If you suspect a spinal injury in
unconscious survivors, treat accordingly
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Check PMS in all extremities
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Look for medical identification
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4 Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-20
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1.
Head
2.
Neck
3.
Shoulders
4.
Chest
5.
Arms
6.
Abdomen
7.
Pelvis
8.
Legs
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-21
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Do no harm
Minimize movement of head and neck
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Keep spine in straight line
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Stabilize head
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-22
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B
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Conduct thorough sizeup
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Treat with first aid
Cool burned area
Cover with sterile cloth to reduce risk of
infection
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-23
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Factors that affect burn severity:
Temperature of burning agent
Period of time survivor exposed
Area of body affected
Size of area burned
Depth of burn
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-24
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Superficial: epidermis
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Partial Thickness: dermis and epidermis
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Full Thickness: subcutaneous layer and all
layers above
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-25
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D
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When treating a burn survivor, DO:
Cool skin or clothing if they are still hot
Cover burn loosely with dry, sterile dressings
to keep air out, reduce pain, and prevent
infection
Elevate burned extremities
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-26
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D
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When treating a burn survivor, DO NOT:
Use ice
Apply antiseptics, ointments, or other
remedies
Remove shreds of tissue, break blisters, or
remove adhered particles of clothing
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-27
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Remove cause of burn + affected clothing/jewelry
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If irritant is dry, gently brush away as much as
possible
Always brush away from eyes, survivor, and you
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Flush with lots of cool running water
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Apply cool, wet compress to relieve
pain
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Cover wound loosely with
dry, sterile or clean dressing
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Treat for shock if appropriate
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-28
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Sudden loss of
consciousness
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Evidence of respiratory
distress or upper airway
obstruction
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Soot around mouth or
nose
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Singed facial hair
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Burns around face or
neck
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-29
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Control bleeding
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Clean wound
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Apply dressing and
bandage
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-30
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Clean by irrigating with clean, room
temperature water
NEVER use hydrogen peroxide
Irrigate but do not scrub
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Apply dressing and bandage
Dressing applied directly to wound
Bandage holds dressing in place
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-31
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If active bleeding:
Redress OVER existing dressing
●
If no active bleeding:
Remove bandage and dressing to flush
wound
Check for infection every 4-6 hours
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-32
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Signs of possible
infection
Swelling around
wound site
Discoloration
Discharge from wound
Red striations from
wound site
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-33
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Control bleeding; treat shock
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If amputated body part is found:
Save tissue parts, wrapped in clean material
and placed in plastic bag
Keep tissue parts cool, but NOT directly on
ice
Keep severed part with survivor
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-34
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When foreign object is impaled in patient’s
body:
Immobilize affected body part
Do not attempt to move or remove
Try to control bleeding at entrance wound
Clean and dress wound, making sure to
stabilize impaled object
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-35
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Immobilize injury and joints immediately
above and below injury site
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If uncertain of injury type, treat as fracture
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-36
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CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-37
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F
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Do not draw exposed bone ends back into
tissue
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Do not irrigate wound
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Cover wound with sterile dressing
●
Splint fracture without disturbing wound
●
Place moist dressing over bone end
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-38
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CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-39
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Dislocation is injury to ligaments around
joint
So severe that it permits separation of bone
from its normal position in joint
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Treatment
Immobilize; do NOT relocate
Check PMS before and after splinting/
immobilization
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-40
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Tenderness at site
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Swelling and bruising
●
Restricted use
or loss of use
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-41
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CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-42
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G
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1.
Support injured area above and below
injury
2.
Assess PMS in extremity
3.
Splint injury in position that you find it
4.
Don’t try to realign bones or joints
5.
Fill voids to stabilize and immobilize
6.
Immobilize above and below injury
7.
After splinting, reassess PMS
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-43
N
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Causes
Blunt force to nose
Skull fracture
Nontrauma conditions, e.g., sinus infections, high
blood pressure, and bleeding disorders
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Cautions
Large blood loss from nosebleed can lead to shock
Actual blood loss may not be evident because
survivor will swallow some amount of blood
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-44
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Control nasal
bleeding:
Pinch nostrils or put
pressure on upper lip
under nose
Have survivor sit with
head forward, NOT
back
●
Ensure that airway
remains open
●
Keep survivor calm
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-45
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Hypothermia :
Occurs when body’s temperature drops below
normal
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Frostbite:
Occurs when extreme cold shuts down blood
flow to extremities, causing tissue death
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-46
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Body temperature of
95° F or lower
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Redness or
blueness of skin
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Numbness and shivering
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Slurred speech
●
Unpredictable behavior
●
Listlessness
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-47
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Remove wet clothing
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Wrap survivor in blanket
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Protect survivor from weather
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Provide food and drink to conscious survivors
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Do not attempt to massage to warm body
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Place unconscious survivor in recovery position
●
Place survivor in warm bath
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-48
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F
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Skin discoloration
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Burning or tingling sensation
●
Partial or complete numbness
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-49
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T
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Immerse injured area in warm (NOT hot)
water
Warm slowly!
●
Do NOT allow part to re-freeze
●
Do NOT attempt to use
massage
●
Wrap affected body parts
in dry, sterile dressing
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-50
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Heat cramps:
Muscle spasms brought on by over-exertion in
extreme heat
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Heat exhaustion:
Occurs when exercising or working in extreme heat
results in loss of body fluids
●
Heat stroke:
Survivor’s temperature control system shuts down
Body temperature rises so high that brain damage
and death may result
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-51
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Cool, moist, pale or
flushed skin
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Heavy sweating
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Headache
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Nausea or vomiting
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Dizziness
●
Exhaustion
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-52
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Hot, red skin
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Lack of perspiration
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Changes in consciousness
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Rapid, weak pulse and rapid, shallow
breathing
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-53
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Remove from heat to cool environment
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Cool body slowly
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Have the survivor drink water, SLOWLY
●
No food or drink if survivor is experiencing
vomiting, cramping, or is losing
consciousness
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-54
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B
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If bite or sting is suspected, and situation
is non-emergency:
Remove stinger if still present by scraping
edge of credit card or other stiff, straight-
edged object across stinger
Wash site thoroughly with soap and water
Place ice on site for 10 minutes on and 10
minutes off
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-55
A
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Check airway and breathing
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Calm individual
●
Remove constrictive clothing and jewelry
●
Find and help administer
survivor’s Epi-pen
●
Watch for signs of
shock and treat
appropriately
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-56
U
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S
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y
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Public health concerns related to
sanitation, hygiene, and water purification
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Organization of disaster medical
operations
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Establishing treatment areas
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Conducting head-to-toe assessments
●
Treating wounds, fractures, sprains, and
other common injuries
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
4-57
H
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A
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Read unit to be covered in next session
●
Bring necessary supplies for next session
●
Wear appropriate clothes for next session
●
Practice complete
head-to-toe
assessment on
friend or family
member
CERT Basic Training
Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations – Part 2
This training material covers essential topics related to disaster medical operations, including assessing and treating various injuries, public health considerations, hygiene maintenance, sanitation practices, and more. It emphasizes the importance of proper sanitation, injury assessments, treatment area establishment, and handling medical emergencies during disasters.
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Presentation Transcript
Disaster Medical Operations Part 2 CERT Basic Training Unit 4
Unit 3 Review 3 Killers Airway obstruction Excessive bleeding Shock CERT Basic Training 4-1 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
CERT Sizeup 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Gather Facts Assess Damage Consider Probabilities Assess Your Situation Establish Priorities Make Decisions Develop Plan of Action Take Action Evaluate Progress REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A CONTINUAL PROCESS CERT Basic Training Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2 4-2
Unit Objectives Take appropriate sanitation measures to help protect public health Perform head-to-toe patient assessments Establish a treatment area Apply splints to suspected fractures and sprains Employ basic treatments for other injuries CERT Basic Training 4-3 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Unit Topics Treating Fractures, Dislocations, Sprains, and Strains Nasal Injuries Treating Cold-Related Injuries Treating Heat-Related Injuries Bites and Stings Public Health Considerations Functions of Disaster Medical Operations Establishing Medical Treatment Areas Conducting Head-to- Toe Assessments Treating Burns Wound Care CERT Basic Training 4-4 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Public Health Considerations Maintaining proper hygiene Maintaining proper sanitation Purifying water (if necessary) Preventing spread of disease CERT Basic Training 4-5 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Maintaining Hygiene Wash hands frequently Or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer Wear non-latex exam gloves Wear N95 mask and goggles Keep dressings sterile Avoid contact with body fluids If it is warm, wet, and not yours, don t touch it! CERT Basic Training 4-6 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Maintain Sanitation Control disposal of bacterial sources Put waste products in plastic bags Tie off bags and mark them as medical waste Bury human waste CERT Basic Training 4-7 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Water Sanitation Methods Boil water for 1 minute Water purification tablets Non-perfumed liquid bleach 8 drops/gal of water 16 drops/gal if water is cloudy Let stand for 30 minutes before use CERT Basic Training 4-8 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Functions of Disaster Medical Operations Triage Treatment Transport Morgue Supply CERT Basic Training 4-9 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Establish a Medical Treatment Area Select site and set up treatment area as soon as injured survivors are confirmed When determining best location(s) for treatment area, consider: Safety of rescuers and survivors Most effective use of resources CERT Basic Training 4-10 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treatment Area Site Selection The site selected should be: In a safe area, free of hazards and debris Upwind, uphill, and upstream (if possible) from hazard zone(s) Accessible by transportation vehicles Expandable CERT Basic Training 4-11 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Most Effective Use of CERT Resources To help meet the challenge of limited resources, CERT may need to establish: Decentralized medical treatment location (more than one location) Centralized medical treatment location (one location) CERT Basic Training 4-12 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treatment Area Layout Four treatment areas: I for Immediate care D for Delayed care M for Minor injuries/walking wounded DEAD for the morgue CERT Basic Training 4-13 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treatment Area Layout CERT Basic Training 4-14 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treatment Area Organization Assign treatment leader to each treatment area Document thoroughly Available identifying information Description (age, sex, body build, estimated height) Clothing Injuries Treatment Transfer location CERT Basic Training 4-15 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Head-to-Toe Assessment Objectives of head-to- toe assessment: Determine extent of injuries Determine type of treatment needed Document injuries CERT Basic Training 4-16 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
DCAP-BTLS Deformities Contusions Abrasions Punctures Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling CERT Basic Training 4-17 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Where and When Light damage: assess in place Moderate damage: move to treatment area first Assess and tag everyone Both verbal and hands on CERT Basic Training 4-18 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Conducting Head-to-Toe Assessment Pay careful attention Look, listen, and feel Check own hands for patient bleeding If you suspect a spinal injury in unconscious survivors, treat accordingly Check PMS in all extremities Look for medical identification CERT Basic Training 4-19 Unit 4 Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Order of Assessment 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Shoulders 4. Chest 5. Arms 6. Abdomen 7. Pelvis 8. Legs CERT Basic Training 4-20 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Closed-Head, Neck, Spinal Injuries Do no harm Minimize movement of head and neck Keep spine in straight line Stabilize head CERT Basic Training 4-21 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treating Burns Conduct thorough sizeup Treat with first aid Cool burned area Cover with sterile cloth to reduce risk of infection CERT Basic Training 4-22 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Burn Severity Factors that affect burn severity: Temperature of burning agent Period of time survivor exposed Area of body affected Size of area burned Depth of burn CERT Basic Training 4-23 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Burn Classifications Superficial: epidermis Partial Thickness: dermis and epidermis Full Thickness: subcutaneous layer and all layers above CERT Basic Training 4-24 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Burn Treatment: DOs When treating a burn survivor, DO: Cool skin or clothing if they are still hot Cover burn loosely with dry, sterile dressings to keep air out, reduce pain, and prevent infection Elevate burned extremities CERT Basic Training 4-25 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Burn Treatment: DONTs When treating a burn survivor, DO NOT: Use ice Apply antiseptics, ointments, or other remedies Remove shreds of tissue, break blisters, or remove adhered particles of clothing CERT Basic Training 4-26 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treatment for Chemical Burns Remove cause of burn + affected clothing/jewelry If irritant is dry, gently brush away as much as possible Always brush away from eyes, survivor, and you Flush with lots of cool running water Apply cool, wet compress to relieve pain Cover wound loosely with dry, sterile or clean dressing Treat for shock if appropriate CERT Basic Training 4-27 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Inhalation Burns Signs and Symptoms Sudden loss of consciousness Evidence of respiratory distress or upper airway obstruction Soot around mouth or nose Singed facial hair Burns around face or neck CERT Basic Training 4-28 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Wound Care Control bleeding Clean wound Apply dressing and bandage CERT Basic Training 4-29 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Cleaning and Bandaging Wounds Clean by irrigating with clean, room temperature water NEVER use hydrogen peroxide Irrigate but do not scrub Apply dressing and bandage Dressing applied directly to wound Bandage holds dressing in place CERT Basic Training 4-30 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Rules of Dressing If active bleeding: Redress OVER existing dressing If no active bleeding: Remove bandage and dressing to flush wound Check for infection every 4-6 hours CERT Basic Training 4-31 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Signs of Infection Signs of possible infection Swelling around wound site Discoloration Discharge from wound Red striations from wound site CERT Basic Training 4-32 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Amputations Control bleeding; treat shock If amputated body part is found: Save tissue parts, wrapped in clean material and placed in plastic bag Keep tissue parts cool, but NOT directly on ice Keep severed part with survivor CERT Basic Training 4-33 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Impaled Objects When foreign object is impaled in patient s body: Immobilize affected body part Do not attempt to move or remove Try to control bleeding at entrance wound Clean and dress wound, making sure to stabilize impaled object CERT Basic Training 4-34 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Fractures, Dislocations, Sprains, Strains Immobilize injury and joints immediately above and below injury site If uncertain of injury type, treat as fracture CERT Basic Training 4-35 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Types of Fractures CERT Basic Training 4-36 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treating Open Fractures Do not draw exposed bone ends back into tissue Do not irrigate wound Cover wound with sterile dressing Splint fracture without disturbing wound Place moist dressing over bone end CERT Basic Training 4-37 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Displaced and Nondisplaced Fractures CERT Basic Training 4-38 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Dislocations Dislocation is injury to ligaments around joint So severe that it permits separation of bone from its normal position in joint Treatment Immobilize; do NOT relocate Check PMS before and after splinting/ immobilization CERT Basic Training 4-39 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Signs of Sprain Tenderness at site Swelling and bruising Restricted use or loss of use CERT Basic Training 4-40 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Splinting CERT Basic Training 4-41 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Splinting Guidelines 1. Support injured area above and below injury 2. Assess PMS in extremity 3. Splint injury in position that you find it 4. Don t try to realign bones or joints 5. Fill voids to stabilize and immobilize 6. Immobilize above and below injury 7. After splinting, reassess PMS CERT Basic Training 4-42 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Nasal Injuries Causes Blunt force to nose Skull fracture Nontrauma conditions, e.g., sinus infections, high blood pressure, and bleeding disorders Cautions Large blood loss from nosebleed can lead to shock Actual blood loss may not be evident because survivor will swallow some amount of blood CERT Basic Training 4-43 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Treatment of Nasal Injuries Control nasal bleeding: Pinch nostrils or put pressure on upper lip under nose Have survivor sit with head forward, NOT back Ensure that airway remains open Keep survivor calm CERT Basic Training 4-44 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Cold-Related Injuries Hypothermia : Occurs when body s temperature drops below normal Frostbite: Occurs when extreme cold shuts down blood flow to extremities, causing tissue death CERT Basic Training 4-45 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Symptoms of Hypothermia Body temperature of 95 F or lower Redness or blueness of skin Numbness and shivering Slurred speech Unpredictable behavior Listlessness CERT Basic Training 4-46 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Hypothermia Treatment Remove wet clothing Wrap survivor in blanket Protect survivor from weather Provide food and drink to conscious survivors Do not attempt to massage to warm body Place unconscious survivor in recovery position Place survivor in warm bath CERT Basic Training 4-47 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Symptoms of Frostbite Skin discoloration Burning or tingling sensation Partial or complete numbness CERT Basic Training 4-48 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
Frostbite Treatment Immerse injured area in warm (NOT hot) water Warm slowly! Do NOT allow part to re-freeze Do NOT attempt to use massage Wrap affected body parts in dry, sterile dressing CERT Basic Training 4-49 Unit 4: Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
