Data Storage and Compression Techniques

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TRAFFIC LIGHT REVISION
USING MANDATORY
CONTENT
 
Higher Revision
 
Watch Points
 
You can use a watchpoint to stop execution
whenever the value of an expression changes.
Without having to predict a particular place where
this may happen. (This is sometimes called a 
data
breakpoint
.)
The expression may be as simple as the value of a
single variable, or as complex as many variables
combined by operators.
 
Mirroring (RAID)
 
Disk mirroring is the
replication of logical
disk volumes onto
separate physical
hard disks in real
time to ensure
continuous
availability.
 
It is most commonly
used in RAID 1.
 
Media Compression
 
Perceptual Coding – Lossy, elemen
Free lossless audio codec – Lossless, zipping WAV
LZW encoding – Lossless,
DCT encoding -
Interframe/intraframe
 
 
Mantissa/Exponent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mantissa & Exponent in reference to the number of
bits used and the effect it has on the other.
 
Mantissa
 
Exponent
 
314 * 10
-2
 
3.14
 
314
 
-2
 
1 0011 1010
 
1111 1110
 
Precision/Range
 
Mantissa = Increasing the
number of bits for the
mantissa will increase the
accuracy of the number but
decrease the number of bits
for the exponent and
therefore decrease the
range of numbers.
 
Exponent = Increasing
the number of bits for
the exponent will
increase the range of
the numbers but
decrease the number of
bits for the mantissa and
therefore decrease the
accuracy of number.
 
 
Changing the number of bits to represent the mantissa and exponent has the
following effects:
 
Precision/Range
 
Mantissa 
=
 4 bits
Max Number 
=
 15
 
Exponent
=
 4 bits
Max Number 
=
 15
 
Mantissa 
=
 7 bits
Max Number 
=
 127
 
Exponent
=
 4 bits
Max Number 
=
 31
 
15 * 10
15
 = 15 000 000 000 000 000
 
127 * 10
1
 = 1270
 
Mantissa 
=
 1 bits
Max Number 
=
 1
 
Exponent
=
 7 bits
Max Number 
=
 127
 
1 * 10
127
 = 1 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000 000
 
Storage Calculations
 
Audio
File Size = 
(Sampling Frequency * Sampling Bit Depth) * Length * channels
 
 
Video
File Size = 
(Resolution * bit depth) * Frames per second * length
 
Offline Storage
 
Benefits
Always available as no internet connection needed.
Eg. USB memory stick.
While offline, data will be more secure as no external
access can be made to modify or copy the data.
Data is safe from virus infection.
 
Media storage
 
DAT (Digital Audio Tape) & DLT (Digital
Linear Tape)
 
 Linear storage used for archiving.
Computer must read every file in order
before retrieving the desired file. DLT
generally stores more data.
 
Optical (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, R, RW, 
ROM)
Random access, portable data, tracks
made by laser, read by laser. Recordable,
re-writable)
 
Transmission Media
 
Wired – Ethernet, fibre optic, coaxial, twisted pair.
Very fast data transfer speeds. However limited to
length of cable, must be built into walls, flooring and
under roads (even across ocean floor).
Wireless – IR, bluetooth, wifi, 3G/4G. Radio signals of
different strengths and therefore different distances.
No need to dig up roads or drill through walls for
cables. However lower speeds than wired.
Digital Certificates
 
 
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Explore various concepts related to data storage and compression, including higher revision techniques, watch points for debugging, RAID disk mirroring, media compression methods, mantissa and exponent representation, and the impact of precision/range adjustments in numerical calculations. Learn about the effects of manipulating bits for mantissa and exponent on accuracy and range of numbers. Additionally, delve into storage calculations for audio files based on sampling frequency and bit depth.

  • Data Storage
  • Compression Techniques
  • Debugging
  • RAID
  • Numeric Calculations

Uploaded on Sep 18, 2024 | 0 Views


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  1. Higher Revision TRAFFIC LIGHT REVISION TRAFFIC LIGHT REVISION USING MANDATORY USING MANDATORY CONTENT CONTENT

  2. Watch Points You can use a watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an expression changes. Without having to predict a particular place where this may happen. (This is sometimes called a data breakpoint.) The expression may be as simple as the value of a single variable, or as complex as many variables combined by operators.

  3. Mirroring (RAID) Disk mirroring is the replication of logical disk volumes onto separate physical hard disks in real time to ensure continuous availability. It is most commonly used in RAID 1.

  4. Media Compression Perceptual Coding Lossy, elemen Free lossless audio codec Lossless, zipping WAV LZW encoding Lossless, DCT encoding - Interframe/intraframe

  5. Mantissa/Exponent 3.14 Exponent Mantissa 1 0011 1010 314 -2 1111 1110 314 * 10-2 Mantissa & Exponent in reference to the number of bits used and the effect it has on the other.

  6. Precision/Range Changing the number of bits to represent the mantissa and exponent has the following effects: Mantissa = Increasing the number of bits for the mantissa will increase the accuracy of the number but decrease the number of bits for the exponent and therefore decrease the range of numbers. Exponent = Increasing the number of bits for the exponent will increase the range of the numbers but decrease the number of bits for the mantissa and therefore decrease the accuracy of number. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

  7. Precision/Range Mantissa = 4 bits Max Number = 15 Exponent= 4 bits Max Number = 15 15 * 1015 = 15 000 000 000 000 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Exponent= 4 bits Max Number = 31 Mantissa = 7 bits Max Number = 127 127 * 101 = 1270 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 10127 = 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Exponent= 7 bits Max Number = 127 Mantissa = 1 bits Max Number = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

  8. Storage Calculations Audio File Size = (Sampling Frequency * Sampling Bit Depth) * Length * channels Video File Size = (Resolution * bit depth) * Frames per second * length

  9. Offline Storage Benefits Always available as no internet connection needed. Eg. USB memory stick. While offline, data will be more secure as no external access can be made to modify or copy the data. Data is safe from virus infection.

  10. Media storage DAT (Digital Audio Tape) & DLT (Digital Linear Tape) Linear storage used for archiving. Computer must read every file in order before retrieving the desired file. DLT generally stores more data. Optical (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, R, RW, ROM) Random access, portable data, tracks made by laser, read by laser. Recordable, re-writable)

  11. Transmission Media Wired Ethernet, fibre optic, coaxial, twisted pair. Very fast data transfer speeds. However limited to length of cable, must be built into walls, flooring and under roads (even across ocean floor). Wireless IR, bluetooth, wifi, 3G/4G. Radio signals of different strengths and therefore different distances. No need to dig up roads or drill through walls for cables. However lower speeds than wired.

  12. Digital Certificates Certificate Authority Certificate Authority CA CA 2. Identification 2. Identification Information Information 2. Identification 2. Identification Information Information 3. Content including Signed certificate and Key Pair 1. Content Request 1. Content Request 4. Content including Signed certificate and Public Key Content User Content User (YOU) (YOU) Content Owner Content Owner (Amazon) (Amazon)

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