Conditional Sentences: Types and Usage Explained

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Knyazeva E.G.

Vyazma, Smolensk region

School

№ 2

HEORETICAL

ART

Very often conditional sentences are

confusing for learners. This presentation is

designed to explain general aspects of “IF −

clauses”. Here you can find the rules, examples

and tests to check out your knowledge.

    A conditional sentence is a complex sentence

with a subordinate clause of condition that

usually begins with the conjunction IF. The

clause of condition (the if − clause) indicates the

conditions under which the action in the main

clause may be realized. So, when you begin your

sentence with IF you should do this:



To determine if there is “IF” in a sentence (real or

unreal condition)



To determine what tense is used in a sentence

(present, past or future)

The conditional sentences are divided into

the following types:



Zero conditional

 sentences



First conditional

 sentences



Second conditional

 sentences



Third conditional

 sentences



Mixed sentences

ERO

CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES

(if + present simple, ... present simple)

This conditional is used when the result will

always happen. It implies not a particular

situation but general one and often describes

laws of nature and widely known facts. In this

conditional “IF” also can be replaced by “WHEN”

without changing the meaning. The present

simple is used in both clauses.

e.g. If people

eat

 too much, they

get

 fat.

e.g. If babies

are

 hungry, they

cry

e.g. You

get

 water if you

mix

 hydrogen and

oxygen.

IRST

CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES

(if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)

This conditional expresses real or possible

situations in the present or future.

e.g. I

will go

shopping on the way home if I

have

time.

e.g. If I

study

 today, I

will go

 to the party tonight.

e.g. If I

have

 enough money, I

will buy

 some new

shoes.

ECOND

CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES

(if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)

This conditional is used when an

implementation of an action in certain situations

in the present or future is unreal. We can use it

when:



we speak about our dreams and wishes or

something that is not going to happen:

e.g. If I

won

 the lottery, I

would buy

 a big house. (I

probably won't win the lottery)

e.g. If I

met

 the Queen of England, I

would

say

 hello.

e.g. Where

would

you

live

 if you

could

live

anywhere in the world?



 we speak about something in present that is not

possible because it is not true:

e.g. If I

had

 his number, I

would call

 him. (I don't

have his number now, so it's impossible for me to

call him).

HIRD

CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES

(if + past perfect, ...would + have + past

participle)

This conditional expresses a situation in the

past that did not happen, but we image the

result.

e.g. If she

had

studied

, she

would have

passed the

exam (but, really we know she didn't study and

so she didn't pass).

e.g. If we

had taken

 a taxi, we wouldn't

have

missed

 the plane.

IXED

SENTENCES

We use Second and Third conditional in

order to form mixed sentences. In this case the

subordinate clause is related to the future and

the main clause is related to the past.

e.g. If I were smarter, I

would have graduated

from

Stanford.

e.g. If my father

hadn’t lost

 his keys, we

wouldn’t

have

to wait until he finds them.

OMPLETE

THE

CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES



If you (go)  out with your friends tonight,

I (watch)  the football match on TV.



I (earn)  a lot of money if I (get)  that job.



If she (hurry / not)  we (miss)  the bus.



If he (try)  harder, he (reach)  his goals.



I (buy)  these shoes if they (fit).



It (surprise / not)  me if he (know / not)  the

answer.



If we (listen)  to the radio, we (hear)  the news.



If you (switch)  on the lights, you (fall / not)  over

the chair.



She (come)  to our party if she (be / not)  on

holiday.



If I stronger, I'd help you carry the piano



If I (be) stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.



If we'd seen you, we (stop).If we (meet) him

tomorrow, we'll say hello.



He would have repaired the car himself if

he (have) the tools.



If you drop the vase, it (break).



If I hadn't studied, I (pass) the exam.



I wouldn't go to school by bus if I (have) a driving

licence.



If she (see) him every day, she'd be lovesick.



I (travel

not) to London if I don't get a cheap

flight.



We'd be stupid if we (tell) him about our secret.



If you (do) what your parents said, you would be

rich now.



Nick would have passed that English exam if he

(have / not) lazy.



If I had been you, I (tell) your mother about

yesterday.



If you had taken the job, you (earn) much more

now.



If I were a good cook, I (cook) your favorite meal.



If you decide to study medicine ten years ago, you

would be a good doctor.



If I had won the Lotto yesterday, I (fly) across the

world today.



If she (arrive) two hours ago, I would be angry

now.

The information is taken from:

http://www.ego4u.com/

http://englishstyle.net/

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/

http://usefulenglish.ru/

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Conditional sentences are complex sentences with a subordinate clause of condition, usually starting with "IF". Learn about zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditional sentences, their structures, and examples to enhance your understanding and usage of different types of conditionals.

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Knyazeva E.G. Vyazma, Smolensk region School 2

THEORETICAL PART Very often for learners. conditional sentences presentation are is confusing designed to explain general aspects of IF clauses . Here you can find the rules, examples and tests to check out your knowledge. A conditional sentence is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of condition that usually begins with the conjunction IF. The clause of condition (the if clause) indicates the conditions under which the action in the main clause may be realized. So, when you begin your sentence with IF you should do this: This

To determine if there is IF in a sentence (real or unreal condition) To determine what tense is used in a sentence (present, past or future) The conditional sentences are divided into the following types: Zero conditional sentences First conditional sentences Second conditional sentences Third conditional sentences Mixed sentences

ZERO CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + present simple, ... present simple) This conditional is used when the result will always happen. It implies not a particular situation but general one and often describes laws of nature and widely known facts. In this conditional IF also can be replaced by WHEN without changing the meaning. The present simple is used in both clauses. e.g. If people eat too much, they get fat. e.g. If babies are hungry, they cry. e.g. You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive) This conditional expresses real or possible situations in the present or future. e.g. I will go shopping on the way home if I have time. e.g. If I study today, I will go to the party tonight. e.g. If I have enough money, I will buy some new shoes.

SECOND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) This conditional is used when an implementation of an action in certain situations in the present or future is unreal. We can use it when: we speak about our dreams and wishes or something that is not going to happen: e.g. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery) e.g. If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. e.g. Where would you live if you could live anywhere in the world?

we speak about something in present that is not possible because it is not true: e.g. If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).

THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle) This conditional expresses a situation in the past that did not happen, but we image the result. e.g. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass). e.g. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.

MIXED SENTENCES We use Second and Third conditional in order to form mixed sentences. In this case the subordinate clause is related to the future and the main clause is related to the past. e.g. If I were smarter, I would have graduated from Stanford. e.g. If my father hadn t lost his keys, we wouldn t have to wait until he finds them.

COMPLETE THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES If you (go) I (watch) the football match on TV. I (earn) a lot of money if I (get) that job. If she (hurry / not) we (miss) the bus. If he (try) harder, he (reach) his goals. I (buy) these shoes if they (fit). It (surprise / not) answer. If we (listen) to the radio, we (hear) the news. If you (switch) on the lights, you (fall / not) over the chair. She (come) to our party if she (be / not) holiday. If I stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. out with your friends tonight, me if he (know / not) the on

If I (be) stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. If we'd seen you, we (stop).If we (meet) him tomorrow, we'll say hello. He would have repaired the car himself if he (have) the tools. If you drop the vase, it (break). If I hadn't studied, I (pass) the exam. I wouldn't go to school by bus if I (have) a driving licence. If she (see) him every day, she'd be lovesick. I (travel / not) to London if I don't get a cheap flight. We'd be stupid if we (tell) him about our secret.

If you (do) what your parents said, you would be rich now. Nick would have passed that English exam if he (have / not) lazy. If I had been you, I (tell) your mother about yesterday. If you had taken the job, you (earn) much more now. If I were a good cook, I (cook) your favorite meal. If you decide to study medicine ten years ago, you would be a good doctor. If I had won the Lotto yesterday, I (fly) across the world today. If she (arrive) two hours ago, I would be angry now.