Sentence Structure: Phrases, Clauses, and Compound Sentences
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Sentence Combining
Phrases
■
A Phrase is a group of words that is missing a
subject, predicate, or both.
■
It is not a complete sentence.
■
Adds detail to the ideas in a sentence
■
Next to the door (prepositional phrase)
■
The cloudless blue sky (noun phrase)
■
To become a rock star (verb phrase)
Clauses
■
A clause is a group of words that contain
a subject and a predicate.
■
Independent Clause:
Has a subject and a
predicate, expresses a complete idea, can
stand alone. It is a
complete sentence
:
■
Emily ran.
■
Mara sits
Simple Sentences
■
A simple sentence expresses an idea. It contains one
independent clause (
subject+
main verb
).
■
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree.
■
Javier
=subject
.
s
at=
main verb
. This is a simple
sentence because it contains just
one
independent
clause.
■
He thought about nature.
■
He=
subject
.
t
hought=
main verb.
Conjunctions
■
Connect two related
independent
clauses to create one complete
sentence
■
FANBOYS
■
For
■
And
■
Nor
■
But
■
Or
■
Yet
■
So
Compound Sentences
■
Contains two or more independent clauses; the clauses express
related ideas—they share common ground. The clauses are joined
together by using a
comma with a conjunction
, or by using a
semicolon
.
■
For And Nor But Or Yet So (FANBOYS)
■
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree, and he thought about nature.
■
Two independent clauses are joined together with a comma and
the coordinating conjunction, “and”
■
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree; he thought about nature.
■
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree; he thought about nature, and
he pondered his place in the universe.
■
In this example, three
independent clauses
are joined together.
Practice
Write
5
simple
sentences
about Justin Bieber. Next, combine
some of those ideas to create
4
compound sentences
.
Clauses
■
A clause is a group of words that a
subject and a predicate.
■
Independent Clause:
Has a subject and a
predicate, expresses a complete idea, can
stand alone. It is a
complete sentence
:
■
Emily ran.
■
Mara sits
Clauses
■
A
Dependent
clause
also has a subject and a
predicate, but it can’t stand alone because it
begins with a
subordinating word.
They must
be linked to an independent clause in order to
create a complete sentence.
■
Although Emily runs,
■
Because Mara sat,
Subordinating words
Connect a
dependent
clause to a related
independent
clause to create a
complete sentence
after
although
as
because
before
even if
even though
if
in order that
once
provided that
rather than
since
so that
than
that
though
unless
until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
whether
while
why
Complex Sentences
■
Contains one independent clause, and one or more
dependent
clauses.
■
The dependent clause begins with a
subordinating word
and may be
placed before or after the independent clause.
■
A comma follows the dependent clause if it comes first.
■
As
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree, he thought about nature.
■
the subordinating word
as
changes the independent clause into a
dependent clause.
■
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree
while
he thought about nature.
■
In this example the independent clause comes first, followed by the
dependent clause.
Compound-Complex Sentences
■
Contains two or more independent clauses and one or
more dependent clauses.
■
As
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree, he thought
about nature, and he pondered his place in the universe.
■
Dependent clause+independent+independent
■
Javier sat beneath the old pine tree; he thought about
nature
while
he pondered his place in the universe .
■
Independent+independent+dependent
Practice:
Id
entify each clause as
dependent, independent, or not a clause.
■
Although I want to go to Circle K
■
To the store
■
Alejandra claims
■
That Edgar needs Jesus
Practice
I
dentify each sample sentence as simple, compound,
complex, or compound-complex
■
Maria created a resume, and she printed it on
expensive, high quality paper.
■
More students at the college are biking,
walking, or carpooling because the price of
gasoline is continuing to rise.
■
Because the price of gasoline is continuing to
rise, more students at the college are biking,
walking, or carpooling.
Practice
copy and identify each sample sentence as simple,
compound, complex, or compound-complex
■
To this day, there is much controversy surrounding 9/11, and the
American politicians swear they knew nothing about the attack.
■
Compound (
independent clause + independent clause)
■
The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.
■
Complex (
that Jonathan read=dependent clause)
■
I prefer potato chips; he’d rather nosh on tortilla chips.
■
Compound (2 simple sentences joined with a semicolon)
■
I want to go to Forever 21 on Super Bowl Sunday; however, my
boyfriend would rather stay home and watch the Patriots play the
Seahawks.
■
Complex (independent clause + dependent clause)
Practice
copy and identify each sample sentence as simple,
compound, complex, or compound-complex
■
Emily wants to go to London, and Betsy wants to go to Ireland
although their parents can afford neither.
■
Compound-Complex (Combines 2 independent clauses and 1 dependent
clause)
■
The extra coffee grounds at Starbucks can be found under the sink.
■
Simple (1 subject 1 verb)
■
Harry and Ron practice for Quidditch while Hermione studies for
hours in the library.
■
Complex (independent + dependent)
Sentence Kernels
combine the sentence kernels below to write 2 compound
sentences.
■
Tucker was a trucker.
■
He was out of luck.
■
He was in Winnemucca.
■
He was stuck.
Self-Check
■
Do both sentences have
2 independent clauses?
Box them.
■
Circle
the coordinating conjunction/semi-colon.
Self-Check
1. Does each sentence have an independent clause? Box it.
2. Does each sentence have at least one dependent clause introduced
by a subordinating word? Underline the dependent clause twice and
place a triangle over the subordinating word.
3. Does each sentence start with a capital letter?
4. Does each sentence end with punctuation?
Practice
write 5 compound-complex sentences about
zombies.
Self-Check
1. Does your sentence have at least 2 independent clauses? Underline
them.
2. Are your sentences joined by a conjunction? Draw a box around it.
3. Does your sentence have a dependent clause? Circle it.
4. Does your dependent clause start with a subordinating word? Box
it.
Learn about phrases, clauses, simple sentences, conjunctions, and compound sentences in English grammar. Understand the differences between independent and dependent clauses, how to form compound sentences using conjunctions, and practice writing sentences about Justin Bieber. Explore the components that make up complete sentences and how they combine to convey different types of ideas.
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Presentation Transcript
+ Sentence Combining
+Phrases A Phrase is a group of words that is missing a subject, predicate, or both. It is not a complete sentence. Adds detail to the ideas in a sentence Next to the door (prepositional phrase) The cloudless blue sky (noun phrase) To become a rock star (verb phrase)
+Clauses A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a predicate. Independent Clause: Has a subject and a predicate, expresses a complete idea, can stand alone. It is a complete sentence: Emily ran. Mara sits
+Simple Sentences A simple sentence expresses an idea. It contains one independent clause (subject+main verb). Javier sat beneath the old pine tree. Javier=subject. sat=main verb. This is a simple sentence because it contains just one independent clause. He thought about nature. He=subject. thought=main verb.
+Conjunctions Connect two related independent clauses to create one complete sentence FANBOYS For And Nor But Or Yet So
+Compound Sentences Contains two or more independent clauses; the clauses express related ideas they share common ground. The clauses are joined together by using a comma with a conjunction, or by using a semicolon. For And Nor But Or Yet So (FANBOYS) Javier sat beneath the old pine tree, and he thought about nature. Two independent clauses are joined together with a comma and the coordinating conjunction, and Javier sat beneath the old pine tree; he thought about nature. Javier sat beneath the old pine tree; he thought about nature, and he pondered his place in the universe. In this example, three independent clauses are joined together.
+Practice Write 5 simple sentences about Justin Bieber. Next, combine some of those ideas to create 4 compound sentences.
+Clauses A clause is a group of words that a subject and a predicate. Independent Clause: Has a subject and a predicate, expresses a complete idea, can stand alone. It is a complete sentence: Emily ran. Mara sits
+Clauses A Dependent clause also has a subject and a predicate, but it can t stand alone because it begins with a subordinating word. They must be linked to an independent clause in order to create a complete sentence. Although Emily runs, Because Mara sat,
+Subordinating words Connect a dependent clause to a related independent clause to create a complete sentence after although as because before even if even though if that though in order that once provided that rather than since so that than unless until when whenever where whereas wherever whether while why
+ Complex Sentences Contains one independent clause, and one or more dependent clauses. The dependent clause begins with a subordinating word and may be placed before or after the independent clause. A comma follows the dependent clause if it comes first. As Javier sat beneath the old pine tree, he thought about nature. the subordinating word as changes the independent clause into a dependent clause. Javier sat beneath the old pine tree while he thought about nature. In this example the independent clause comes first, followed by the dependent clause.
+ Compound-Complex Sentences Contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. As Javier sat beneath the old pine tree, he thought about nature, and he pondered his place in the universe. Dependent clause+independent+independent Javier sat beneath the old pine tree; he thought about nature while he pondered his place in the universe . Independent+independent+dependent
+Practice: Identify each clause as dependent, independent, or not a clause. Although I want to go to Circle K To the store Alejandra claims That Edgar needs Jesus
+Practice Identify each sample sentence as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex Maria created a resume, and she printed it on expensive, high quality paper. More students at the college are biking, walking, or carpooling because the price of gasoline is continuing to rise. Because the price of gasoline is continuing to rise, more students at the college are biking, walking, or carpooling.
+Practice copy and identify each sample sentence as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex To this day, there is much controversy surrounding 9/11, and the American politicians swear they knew nothing about the attack. Compound (independent clause + independent clause) The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf. Complex (that Jonathan read=dependent clause) I prefer potato chips; he d rather nosh on tortilla chips. Compound (2 simple sentences joined with a semicolon) I want to go to Forever 21 on Super Bowl Sunday; however, my boyfriend would rather stay home and watch the Patriots play the Seahawks. Complex (independent clause + dependent clause)
+Practice copy and identify each sample sentence as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex Emily wants to go to London, and Betsy wants to go to Ireland although their parents can afford neither. Compound-Complex (Combines 2 independent clauses and 1 dependent clause) The extra coffee grounds at Starbucks can be found under the sink. Simple (1 subject 1 verb) Harry and Ron practice for Quidditch while Hermione studies for hours in the library. Complex (independent + dependent)
+Sentence Kernels combine the sentence kernels below to write 2 compound sentences. Tucker was a trucker. He was out of luck. He was in Winnemucca. He was stuck.
+Self-Check Do both sentences have 2 independent clauses? Box them. Circle the coordinating conjunction/semi-colon.
+Self-Check 1. Does each sentence have an independent clause? Box it. 2. Does each sentence have at least one dependent clause introduced by a subordinating word? Underline the dependent clause twice and place a triangle over the subordinating word. 3. Does each sentence start with a capital letter? 4. Does each sentence end with punctuation?
+Practice write 5 compound-complex sentences about zombies.
+Self-Check 1. Does your sentence have at least 2 independent clauses? Underline them. 2. Are your sentences joined by a conjunction? Draw a box around it. 3. Does your sentence have a dependent clause? Circle it. 4. Does your dependent clause start with a subordinating word? Box it.
