Comprehensive Notes on Mitosis and Cell Division Process
Mitosis
(cell division)
O…M…G…. More notes? Sweet! I’m telling you, Captain Science,
there is nothing I would rather do than take notes on a Monday
morning. I was thinking the best thing about today was going to
be food, but this is soooo much better. Well…except for chocolate.
It’s not quite as good as that, but close. (It’s definitely better than
white chocolate, but that’s not really chocolate anyhow. It’s just
yogurt pretending to be chocolate. Gross. And speaking of
chocolate, Mr. Mason likes dark chocolate. Just FYI.)
Anyhow…yeah! Notes! Woohoo!!!
Why do cells need to divide?
Why do cells need to divide?
•
The work of the cell occurs at the boundaries,
and the cell membrane grows more slowly
than the volume as cell size increases.
Why do cells need to divide?
•
The work of the cell occurs at the boundaries,
and the cell membrane grows more slowly
than the volume as cell size increases.
•
What if Anchorage doubled in size but it didn’t
add any new roads, airports, or ports? What if
it tripled in size?
Mitosis
•
Mitosis – The process of cell replication in
somatic
(body)
cells
The Cell Cycle
Interphase
•
Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
Interphase
•
Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
–
G
1
: Cells grow to mature size
(growth phase)
Interphase
•
Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
–
G
1
: Cells grow to mature size
(growth phase)
–
S: Cell’s DNA is copied
(synthesis phase)
Interphase
•
Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
–
G
1
: Cells grow to mature size
(growth phase)
–
S: Cell’s DNA is copied
(synthesis phase)
–
G
2
: Cell prepares for division
Interphase
•
Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
–
G
1
: Cells grow to mature size
(growth phase)
–
S: Cell’s DNA is copied
(synthesis phase)
–
G
2
: Cell prepares for division
–
G
0
: ???
Interphase
•
Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
–
G
1
: Cells grow to mature size
(growth phase)
–
S: Cell’s DNA is copied
(synthesis phase)
–
G
2
: Cell prepares for division
–
G
0
: Cell exits cell cycle. Cells are not copying DNA
or preparing to divide.
(The vast majority of the
body’s cells are in G
0
, simply doing their job
instead of preparing to divide.)
Mitosis
•
Mitosis – The actual process of division,
broken into 5 steps:
–
Prophase
–
Metaphase
–
Anaphase
–
Telophase
–
Cytokinesis
1. Prophase
•
Chromatin
(loose, uncoiled DNA)
coils into
tightly wound chromosomes
•
Sister chromatids
(identical copies of
chromosomes)
held together by a centromere.
•
Nuclear membrane breaks down and
disappears.
•
Centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle
fibers start to extend.
Prophase
2. Metaphase
•
Chromosomes move to the equator of the cell
•
Spindle fibers connect to chromosomes at the
centromere
3. Anaphase
•
The sister chromatids separate and move
towards the opposite poles, pulled by
shortening spindle fibers
4. Telophase
•
Chromatids reach the opposite ends of cell
•
Mitotic spindle disappears
•
Chromosomes start to uncoil into chromatin
•
Nuclear envelope starts to reform
Telophase
Cytokinesis
•
Cell membrane pinches inward at the cleavage
furrow*, eventually splitting the one original
cell into two daughter cells
(*no furrow
evident in plant cells – a new cell wall is built
between the two new daughter cells)
Cytokinesis
Exploring the fascinating world of mitosis and cell division, this extensive collection of notes covers topics such as why cells need to divide, the cell cycle, interphase phases (G1, S, G2), and the essential process of mitosis in somatic cells. Supported by vivid images, the content delves into the intricate mechanisms that drive cellular growth and replication, making learning about these fundamental biological processes engaging and informative.
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Presentation Transcript
Mitosis (cell division) O M G . More notes? Sweet! I m telling you, Captain Science, there is nothing I would rather do than take notes on a Monday morning. I was thinking the best thing about today was going to be food, but this is soooo much better. Well except for chocolate. It s not quite as good as that, but close. (It s definitely better than white chocolate, but that s not really chocolate anyhow. It s just yogurt pretending to be chocolate. Gross. And speaking of chocolate, Mr. Mason likes dark chocolate. Just FYI.) Anyhow yeah! Notes! Woohoo!!!
Why do cells need to divide? The work of the cell occurs at the boundaries, and the cell membrane grows more slowly than the volume as cell size increases.
Why do cells need to divide? The work of the cell occurs at the boundaries, and the cell membrane grows more slowly than the volume as cell size increases. What if Anchorage doubled in size but it didn t add any new roads, airports, or ports? What if it tripled in size?
Mitosis Mitosis The process of cell replication in somatic (body) cells
Interphase Cell spends the majority of life in interphase
Interphase Cell spends the majority of life in interphase G1: Cells grow to mature size (growth phase)
Interphase Cell spends the majority of life in interphase G1: Cells grow to mature size (growth phase) S: Cell s DNA is copied (synthesis phase)
Interphase Cell spends the majority of life in interphase G1: Cells grow to mature size (growth phase) S: Cell s DNA is copied (synthesis phase) G2: Cell prepares for division
Interphase Cell spends the majority of life in interphase G1: Cells grow to mature size (growth phase) S: Cell s DNA is copied (synthesis phase) G2: Cell prepares for division G0: ???
Interphase Cell spends the majority of life in interphase G1: Cells grow to mature size (growth phase) S: Cell s DNA is copied (synthesis phase) G2: Cell prepares for division G0: Cell exits cell cycle. Cells are not copying DNA or preparing to divide. (The vast majority of the body s cells are in G0, simply doing their job instead of preparing to divide.)
Mitosis Mitosis The actual process of division, broken into 5 steps: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
1. Prophase Chromatin (loose, uncoiled DNA) coils into tightly wound chromosomes Sister chromatids (identical copies of chromosomes) held together by a centromere. Nuclear membrane breaks down and disappears. Centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fibers start to extend.
2. Metaphase Chromosomes move to the equator of the cell Spindle fibers connect to chromosomes at the centromere
3. Anaphase The sister chromatids separate and move towards the opposite poles, pulled by shortening spindle fibers
4. Telophase Chromatids reach the opposite ends of cell Mitotic spindle disappears Chromosomes start to uncoil into chromatin Nuclear envelope starts to reform
Cytokinesis Cell membrane pinches inward at the cleavage furrow*, eventually splitting the one original cell into two daughter cells (*no furrow evident in plant cells a new cell wall is built between the two new daughter cells)
