Cell Division: Functions and Stages
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C
ELL
D
IVISION
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Page 56
Page 56
Page 56
Comparing Cell Cycles
The table below compares the length of different cell cycles.
What Are the Functions of Cell
Division?
Read the “My Planet Diary: Cycling
On”…p. 56
W
HAT
ARE
THE
F
UNCTIONS
OF
C
ELL
D
IVISION
?
Use the data table to
help answer the
following questions:
1. Which type of cell completes a cell cycle fastest?
Frog egg cells
2. With each cell cycle, two cells form from one cell.
In three hours, how many cells could form from one
frog egg cell?
64 cells
S
EE
F
IGURE
1,
PAGE
57.
Label each photo as:
(A) growth
(B) repair, or
(C) reproduction
Answers: A = plant shoot GROWING
B = Arm scrape healing
C = Cougar with babies -
reproduction
W
HAT
A
RE
THE
F
UNCTIONS
OF
C
ELL
D
IVISION
?
Cell division allows organisms to:
GROW
REPAIR damaged structures
REPRODUCE
W
HAT
H
APPENS
D
URING
THE
C
ELL
C
YCLE
?
During the Cell Cycle, a cell grows,
prepares for division, and divides into
two new cells, which are called
“daughter cells.”
3
STAGES
OF
THE
CELL
CYCLE
The cell cycle consists of three stages:
•
Interphase
•
Mitosis
•
Cytokinesis
“I ‘M Cool”
L
OOK
AT
PG
58 – 62
TO
HELP
WITH
THE
CONCEPT
MAP
– F
ILL
OUT
THE
OVERVIEW
OF
THE
CELL
CYCLE
The Cell Cycle
What are the 3 stages?
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What are the 4
phases of Mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens?
Cell
grows
DNA
gets
copied
Prepares
for
division
The Cell Cycle
What are the 3 stages?
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What happens?
Cell
grows
DNA
gets
copied
Prepares
for
division
I
NTERPHASE
: T
O
D
O
L
IST
…
PAGE
58
F
ILL
IN
A
FEW
THINGS
YOU
SEE
ON
THE
TO
-
DO
LIST
GROWING:
COPYING DNA:
PREPARING FOR DIVISION:
I
NTERPHASE
– 1
ST
STAGE
OF
CELL
CYCLE
MORE
DETAILS
…
GROWING:
Cell grows to
full
size
Produces
organelles
it needs
Makes more
enzymes
COPYING DNA:
Makes an
exact copy of DNA:
REPLICATION
At the end of replication, the cell has
2 identical
sets of chromosomes
PREPARING FOR DIVISION:
Produces
structures
that will help it to
divide
centrioles, spindle fibers, etc.
B
ACKGROUND
OF
A
CHROMOSOME
P
. 59 (
STAGE
2: M
ITOSIS
)
Chromosomes
are made
of 2 rod-like parts called
chromatids
;
chromatids
are identical to each other
w/ the same DNA.
Centromere
holds
the two chromatids
together
When a cell divides,
one chromatid will go
to each new cell
The Cell Cycle
What are the 3 stages?
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What are the 4
phases of Mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens?
Cell
grows
DNA
gets
copied
Prepares
for
division
STAGE 2: MITOSIS
The cell’s
nucleus divides
into
two new nuclei
One set of DNA is
distributed
into each daughter cell
Divided into 4 phases:
MITOSIS HAS 4 PHASES
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(
P
andas
M
ust
A
lways
T
alk!)
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
PROPHASE:
Chromosomes in
the nucleus
condense
(smash together)
Nuclear envelope
breaks down
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
How does prophase
look different from
interphase?
Interphase
Prophase
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
How does prophase
look different from
interphase?
Chromosomes condense
(the Xs);
the nucleus is
changing
(nuclear envelope
goes away)
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
The Cell Cycle
Cells undergo an orderly sequence of events
as they
grow and divide. What are the missing parts
of the stages?
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
Metaphase
:
Each chromosome
attaches to a spindle
fiber at its centromere.
What is missing from
the cell? What
happened to the
chromosomes?
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
The nucleus is
missing;
chromosomes
moved to the center
of the cell
Metaphase:
Each chromosome
attaches to a spindle
fiber at its
centromere. What is
missing from the cell?
What happened to
the chromosomes?
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
METAPHASE:
Chromosomes move
to
center
of the cell
Meta = middle
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
Anaphase:
The centromere of each
chromosome splits,
pulling the chromatids
apart. Each is now called
a chromosome. They are
drawn by their spindle
fibers to opposite ends
of the cell. The cell
stretches out.
Draw the
missing structures.
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
Anaphase:
Draw the missing
structures.
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
ANAPHASE:
Chromatids
(now
called chromosomes)
move to
opposite
ends
of the cell
Cell
stretches
out
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
Telophase
How does the diagram
of a cell in telophase
look different from the
one in anaphase?
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
Telophase
How does the diagram
of a cell in telophase
look different from the
one in anaphase?
Telophase
Nuclei are forming;
spindle fibers have
disappeared’ cell is
pinched in around its
middle.
P
HASES
OF
M
ITOSIS
TELOPHASE:
Nuclei are forming
(nuclear envelope
reappears)
Cell is pinching in
at the middle
C
YTOKINESIS
Stage 3
Cytokinesis
Cell splits into two
daughter cells. Each
daughter cell has an
identical set of
chromosomes. Draw
the daughter cell.
C
YTOKINESIS
Cytokinesis:
Draw the daughter cell.
S
TAGE
3: C
YTOKINESIS
Cytokinesis:
Cytoplasm
divides
Each daughter cell
has the
same
number
of
chromosomes
as the
parent
cell
STAGE 3: C
YTOKINESIS
The cell’s
nucleus divides
into
two new nuclei
One set of DNA is
distributed
into each daughter cell
Divided into 4 phases:
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
Length of a Liver
Cell Cycle
Human liver cells
generally
reproduce less
than once per year. At
other times, they can
complete one cell cycle
in about 22 hours. The
circle graph to the left
displays this.
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
What do the
three curved
arrows outside
of the circle
represent?
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
What do the
three curved
arrows outside
of the circle
represent?
Interphase,
mitosis and
cytokinesis
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
The wedge
representing
growth is in
which stage of
the cell cycle?
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
The wedge
representing
growth is in
which stage of
the cell cycle?
Interphase
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
About what
percentage of
the cell cycle is
shown for DNA
replication?
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
About what
percentage of
the cell cycle is
shown for DNA
replication?
About 45%
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
What stage of
the cell cycle
takes the
shortest amount
of time? How
do you know?
D
O
THE
M
ATH
–
P
. 63
What stage of
the cell cycle
takes the
shortest amount
of time? How
do you know?
Cytokinesis; it is
the smallest
section of the
graph
Explore the functions and stages of cell division through a comprehensive overview covering topics such as the importance of cell division in growth, repair, and reproduction, the stages of the cell cycle, and the comparison of different cell cycles. Engage with visual aids and concept maps to deepen your understanding of this fundamental biological process.
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Presentation Transcript
CELL DIVISION Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Page 56 Page 56 Page 56
What Are the Functions of Cell Division? Read the My Planet Diary: Cycling On p. 56 Comparing Cell Cycles The table below compares the length of different cell cycles.
WHATARETHE FUNCTIONSOF CELL DIVISION? Use the data table to help answer the following questions: 1. Which type of cell completes a cell cycle fastest? Frog egg cells 2. With each cell cycle, two cells form from one cell. In three hours, how many cells could form from one frog egg cell? 64 cells
SEE FIGURE 1, PAGE 57. Label each photo as: (A) growth (B) repair, or (C) reproduction Answers: A = plant shoot GROWING B = Arm scrape healing C = Cougar with babies - reproduction
WHAT ARETHE FUNCTIONSOF CELL DIVISION? Cell division allows organisms to: GROW REPAIR damaged structures REPRODUCE
WHAT HAPPENS DURINGTHE CELL CYCLE? During the Cell Cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two new cells, which are called daughter cells.
3 STAGESOFTHECELLCYCLE The cell cycle consists of three stages: Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis I M Cool
LOOKATPG 58 62 TOHELPWITHTHE CONCEPTMAP FILLOUTTHE OVERVIEWOFTHECELLCYCLE
The Cell Cycle What are the 3 stages? Interphase Cytokinesis What happens? Mitosis Cell grows DNA gets copied Prepares for division What are the 4 phases of Mitosis? Telophase Anaphase Prophase Metaphase
The Cell Cycle What are the 3 stages? Interphase Cytokinesis What happens? Mitosis Cell grows DNA gets copied Prepares for division
INTERPHASE: TO DO LISTPAGE 58 FILLINAFEWTHINGSYOUSEEONTHETO-DOLIST GROWING: COPYING DNA: PREPARING FOR DIVISION:
INTERPHASE 1STSTAGEOFCELLCYCLE MOREDETAILS GROWING: Cell grows to full size Produces organelles it needs Makes more enzymes COPYING DNA: Makes an exact copy of DNA: REPLICATION At the end of replication, the cell has 2 identical sets of chromosomes PREPARING FOR DIVISION: Produces structures that will help it to divide centrioles, spindle fibers, etc.
BACKGROUNDOFACHROMOSOME P. 59 (STAGE 2: MITOSIS) Chromosomes are made of 2 rod-like parts called chromatids; chromatids are identical to each other w/ the same DNA. Centromere holds the two chromatids together When a cell divides, one chromatid will go to each new cell
The Cell Cycle What are the 3 stages? Interphase Cytokinesis What happens? Mitosis Cell grows DNA gets copied Prepares for division What are the 4 phases of Mitosis? Telophase Anaphase Prophase Metaphase
STAGE 2: MITOSIS The cell s nucleus divides into two new nuclei One set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell Divided into 4 phases:
MITOSIS HAS 4 PHASES Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase (Pandas Must Always Talk!)
PHASESOF MITOSIS PROPHASE: Chromosomes in the nucleus condense (smash together) Nuclear envelope breaks down
PHASESOF MITOSIS Interphase How does prophase look different from interphase? Prophase
PHASESOF MITOSIS How does prophase look different from interphase? Chromosomes condense (the Xs); the nucleus is changing (nuclear envelope goes away)
PHASESOF MITOSIS The Cell Cycle Cells undergo an orderly sequence of events as they grow and divide. What are the missing parts of the stages?
PHASESOF MITOSIS Metaphase: Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere. What is missing from the cell? What happened to the chromosomes?
PHASESOF MITOSIS Metaphase: Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere. What is missing from the cell? What happened to the chromosomes? The nucleus is missing; chromosomes moved to the center of the cell
PHASESOF MITOSIS METAPHASE: Chromosomes move to center of the cell Meta = middle
PHASESOF MITOSIS Anaphase: The centromere of each chromosome splits, pulling the chromatids apart. Each is now called a chromosome. They are drawn by their spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell. The cell stretches out. Draw the missing structures.
PHASESOF MITOSIS Anaphase: Draw the missing structures.
PHASESOF MITOSIS ANAPHASE: Chromatids (now called chromosomes) move to opposite ends of the cell Cell stretches out
PHASESOF MITOSIS Telophase How does the diagram of a cell in telophase look different from the one in anaphase?
PHASESOF MITOSIS Telophase Nuclei are forming; spindle fibers have disappeared cell is pinched in around its middle. Telophase How does the diagram of a cell in telophase look different from the one in anaphase?
PHASESOF MITOSIS TELOPHASE: Nuclei are forming (nuclear envelope reappears) Cell is pinching in at the middle
CYTOKINESIS Stage 3 Cytokinesis Cell splits into two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has an identical set of chromosomes. Draw the daughter cell.
CYTOKINESIS Cytokinesis: Draw the daughter cell.
STAGE 3: CYTOKINESIS Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
STAGE 3: CYTOKINESIS The cell s nucleus divides into two new nuclei One set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell Divided into 4 phases:
DOTHE MATHP. 63 Length of a Liver Cell Cycle Human liver cells generally reproduce less than once per year. At other times, they can complete one cell cycle in about 22 hours. The circle graph to the left displays this.
DOTHE MATHP. 63 What do the three curved arrows outside of the circle represent?
DOTHE MATHP. 63 What do the three curved arrows outside of the circle represent? Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
DOTHE MATHP. 63 The wedge representing growth is in which stage of the cell cycle?
DOTHE MATHP. 63 The wedge representing growth is in which stage of the cell cycle? Interphase
DOTHE MATHP. 63 About what percentage of the cell cycle is shown for DNA replication?
DOTHE MATHP. 63 About what percentage of the cell cycle is shown for DNA replication? About 45%
DOTHE MATHP. 63 What stage of the cell cycle takes the shortest amount of time? How do you know?
DOTHE MATHP. 63 What stage of the cell cycle takes the shortest amount of time? How do you know? Cytokinesis; it is the smallest section of the graph
