Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Strategies in Special Education
This presentation delves into various assessment tools, service providers, eligibility criteria, and intervention strategies in special education. It emphasizes the importance of interventions as a gateway to addressing mild articulation, voice, fluency, and language issues before determining eligibility for special education services. The content also discusses different levels of support, ranging from Common Core instruction to intensive interventions, and emphasizes the significance of progress monitoring and resource allocation in resolving educational challenges.
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Perry Flynn pfflynn@uncg.edu Lynne Loeser lynne.loeser@dpi.nc.gov
Assessment Service Providers LRE Eligibility & Present Level Goals CCSS
A Variety of Assessment Tools Observations Benchmark testing Universal screening results Classroom work samples Language samples Checklists Standardized assessments Dynamic Assessment (RtI / MTSS) Social and Developmental History
Prevention Intervention SLD Determination 4
Interventions are the gateway to special education for every one For mild artic, voice, fluency, language SLPs may provide interventions even in a pull out situation and fix kids and determine them not eligible for special education. SLPs may not mix students receiving interventions with those receiving special education 5
At the level of the Common Core/ differentiated instruction At the level of supplemental supports At the level of intensive interventions In Special Education 6
Intensive Support Supplemental Support Differentiated Core 7
Progress Monitoring 1-2x per week Progress Monitoring 1-2x per month Intensive Supplemental Assessment Core Diagnostic Assessment (dynamic assessment) Universal Screening for ALL students 3x per year Student Needs 4
Amount of Resources needed to solve problem Special Education Sea of Ineligibility General Education Severity of Problem Slide created by Dale Cusumano, Ph.D
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT- III) Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ-III) Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (K- TEA 3) Others to gather additional specific information: Key Math 3 Test of Early Reading Ability (TERA), TEMA, TEWL CTOPP
Expressive: CELF Language Sample OWLS
Receptive: CELF TAPS
Assessment Service Providers LRE Eligibility & Present Level Goals CCSS
Specific Learning Disability (SLD) Speech Language Impaired (SI) Specific Learning Disability with Speech-Language Impaired as a related service Speech-Language Impaired primary with some services/ collaboration provided by the LD specialist SLD primary and SI as secondary area of eligibility HOW do you determine? That is THE question!
a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.
does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of intellectual disability, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
a specific learning disability that is neurologically based and characterized by difficulties with decoding and encoding that are the result of a deficit in the phonological component of language and is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and effective classroom instruction, secondary consequences may include problems in comprehension. Research Definition-IDA, 2002
A communication disorder, such as an impairment in fluency, articulation, language, or voice/resonance that adversely affects a child's educational performance. Language may include function of language (pragmatic), the content of language (semantic), and the form of language (phonologic, morphologic, and syntactic systems). A speech or language impairment may result in a primary disability or it may be secondary to other disabilities. articulation
The Many Strands that are Woven into Skilled Reading (Scarborough, 2001) LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION Skilled Reading- fluent coordination of word reading and comprehension processes BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE SKILLED READING: fluent execution and coordination of word recognition and text comprehension. VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE LANGUAGE STRUCTURES VERBAL REASONING LITERACY KNOWLEDGE WORD RECOGNITION PHON. AWARENESS DECODING (and SPELLING) SIGHT RECOGNITION Reading is a multifaceted skill, gradually acquired over years of instruction and practice.
SLD SLI
Are academic content areas significantly impacted to the extent they require specially designed instruction? Which areas of academic performance are being most impacted by language difficulties? Has the student received appropriate intervention to improve any academic skill deficit? What does the progress monitoring data show? Has the student received appropriate intervention to improve oral expression or listening comprehension? What does the progress monitoring data show? How can interventions/instruction for oral expression and listening comprehension be anchored in curriculum?
Current Relevant Objective Measurable Understandable Related to one academic or functional domain Related to progress in general education Litmus tests: Can another SLP take the PLAAFP and immediately see the student? Can someone match the random statement to the student?
Which disability category is the strongest match with the student s greatest areas of need? The final determination of primary disability is made by the multidisciplinary eligibility team and is based on the body of evidence.
Assessment Service Providers LRE Eligibility & Present Level Goals CCSS
English Language Arts/ Speaking and Listening Social Studies Science Math
Applying: can the student use the information in a new way? (choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write. ) Understanding: can the student explain ideas or concepts? (classify, describe, discuss, explain, identify, locate, recognize, report, select, translate, paraphrase) Remembering: can the student recall or remember the information? (define, duplicate, list, memorize, recall, repeat, reproduce state) 30
Creating: can the student create new product or point of view? (assemble, construct, create, design, develop, formulate, write.) Evaluating: can the student justify a stand or decision? (appraise, argue, defend, judge, select, support, value, evaluate) Analyzing: can the student distinguish between the different parts? (appraise, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question, test) 31
Blooms Taxonomy Syntactic Implications Semantic Implications Morphologic Implications Pragmatic Implications Phonological Implications 32
Speaking and Listening Grade 3 Comprehension and Collaboration: #2 Determine the main ideas and supporting details of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally. (p.24) Language Standards Grade 1 Vocabulary Acquisition and Use - #5.a. Sort words into categories (e.g., colors, clothing) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent. (p.27) 33
Writing/ Text Types and Purposes W.6.1 Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Introduce claim and organize the reasons and evidence clearly Support claim with clear reason and relevant evidence, using credible sources Use words, phrases and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s) and reasons. Establish and maintain a formal style Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the argument presented
Language/ Vocabulary Acquisition and Use L.3.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Distinguish the literal and nonliteral meanings of words and phrases in context Identify real-life connections between words and their use Distinguish shades of meaning among related words that describe states of mind or degrees of certainty
Speaking and Listening/ Comprehension and Collaboration Grade 2 1. Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. a. Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). b. Build on others talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. c. Ask for clarification and further explanation as needed about the topics and texts under discussion. 36
Assessment Service Providers LRE Eligibility & Present Level Goals CCSS
Flow from the PLAAFP Include givens/conditions Address one skill/domain area Tie to the educational standards Describe observable learner performance Contain measurable criteria for acceptable level of student performance Mastery component Can be accomplished within duration of IEP
Assessment Service Providers LRE Eligibility & Present Level Goals CCSS
Do students meet the three prongs to eligibility for primary services? Disability Negative impacts academic achievement or functional performance Need specially designed instruction of the SLP Do students meet the definition of a related service? They require speech to fully meet the goals/ fully access services in the primary area
Classroom, Cafeteria Playground, Art Physical education Job sites off campus Field trips Speech closet Blast or burst
Interview teachers/ students to learn what educational standards kids can and can t do Analyze the things they can t do from the SLP s lens Capitalize on strengths to meet needs Collaboratively (with parent .input) author goals, Maybe circulate a DRAFT. Finally, determine service delivery providers and least restrictive environment ( the buffet is open )
Assessment & Data Service Providers LRE Present Level Goals CCSS
Should be meaningful to all parties Kids can keep their own data Agree on a system that EVERYONE can live with 4 independent 3 prompted 2 modeled 1 did not occur We are not the sole collectors/ keepers of data
Consult that Common Core Standards in Language for expressive or receptive goals and create activities that focus on the expressive or receptive aspects of language
Syntax Semantics Morphology Pragmatics Phonology
Create a couple activities that represent differentiated instruction for this case study based on the theme/ content/ media provided that could be targeted in an environment other than the speech closet .
