Civil Engineering Overview and Infrastructure Development
BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING
CVE 301
ENGR. VICTOR B. ADEBAYO Msc, Reng
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
COURSE MODULES/SYNOPSIS
Introduction: The meaning of Civil Engineering. Civil engineering and its various
specialties.
Site investigation, objective of site investigation, classification of rocks and soils,
site organization, geophysical survey and techniques.
Contractor’s plant: Management plant, concreting plant, pile driver plant, crane
and hoist, compressed air plant, bituminous mixing plant, pumps and dewatering
equipment.
Earthworks, general considerations and planning, site consideration, ground
conditions, excavation; bulk, rock, trench and embankment. Ground water control
and methods.
Roadwork, Bridges, Subways and Airfield construction.
Tunneling and underpinning, piling, diaphragm and retailing wall systems, vibro-
replacement and vibro-compaction.
Marine works; Cofferdams, Caissons, under water foundation construction, sea
walls, docks, jetties, dredging and reclamation.
Revision and preparation for Examination.
INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering is the oldest branch of
engineering which is growing right from the
stone-age civilization. American Society of Civil
Engineering defines civil engineering as the
profession in which knowledge of the
mathematical and physical sciences gained by
study, experience and practice is applied with
judgment to develop ways to utilize
economically the materials and forces of the
nature for the progressive well-being of man.
CIVIL ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECTS
The world has realized that a government
should not involve itself in production and
distribution but develop infrastructure to
create an atmosphere for economic
development. Civil Engineering activities
in the infrastructure development are as
under:
1. A good planning of towns and
extension areas in the cities is
required. Each extension area
should be self-sufficient in
accommodating offices,
educational institutions, markets,
hospitals, recreational facility and
residential accommodations
2. Fast rate of urbanization and increase in the
cost of land has forced civil engineers to go for
vertical growth in cities. In metropolitan cities, 25
storey buildings have become common.
Even in small towns multi-storey buildings have
become necessity. These requirements have
brought in new building technologies and
sophisticated analysis methods. Civil Engineers
have to solve the problems of rural areas and
poor people also. Low cost housing is the need
of the day to make poor people afford their
own houses.
3. Water is an important need for all living beings. Civil engineers have to exploit
various water resources and ensure water supply to urban areas throughout the year.
Rural areas need water for agriculture also. Hence civil engineers have to build dams
and tanks and bring water to houses through pipes, and to fields through canals and
distributories.
4. Another important amenity that public require is good roads. Design of appropriate
base course thickness, finishing surfaces, cross drainage, design of horizontal and
vertical curves are the duties of civil engineers. Proper design of intersection of roads
is necessary.
Construction of culverts, bridges and tunnels became part of road works. Railway is an
important long distance facility. Construction of railway lines and railway station is an
important infrastructure activity.
Globalization has resulted in need for building airports and harbours also.
5. Other important infrastructural activities of civil engineering are controlling air
pollution, noise pollution and land pollution.
ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
A civil engineer has to conceive, plan, estimate, get
approval, create and maintain all civil engineering
infrastructure activities. Civil engineer has a very
important role in the development of the following
infrastructures:
1. Measure and map the earth’s surface.
2. Plan and develop extensions of towns and cities.
3. Build the suitable structures for the rural and urban
areas for various utilities.
4. Build the tanks and dams to exploit water
resources.
5. Build river navigation and flood control projects.
ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
6. Build canals and distributaries to take water to
agricultural fields.
7. Purify and supply water to needy areas like houses,
schools, offices etc.
8. Provide and maintain communication systems like
roads, railways, harbours and airports.
9. Devise systems for control and efficient flow of traffic.
10. Provide, build and maintain drainage and waste
water disposal system.
11. Monitor land, water and air pollution, and take
measures to control them. Fast growing industrialization
has put heavy responsibilities on civil engineers to
preserve and protect environment.
BASIC AREAS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineering is a very vast field. It can be
classified into:
Surveying
Construction engineering
Structural engineering
Earthquake engineering
Geotechnical and foundation engineering
Quantity surveying
Fluid mechanics
BASIC AREAS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Irrigation engineering
Transportation engineering
Environmental engineering
Town planning
Infrastructural development
Project management
Remote sensing
IMPORTANCE OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH
Infrastructure facility includes suitable electricity supply. Internet and
telephones are also desirable features.
Educational facility also forms part of infrastructure. The proximity of
good primary and secondary schools to residential areas is
desirable. Collegiate and professional education also form part of
infrastructure of a city. Good health care is a necessity. Good
primary health centres, specialized hospitals and clinical facilities
add to the infrastructure facilities.
If a city/town has good infrastructure, it satisfies a citizen and he
contributes to the development activity of the nation well. Many
private entrepreneurs start industries and other economical
activities. Employment opportunities increase and there is all round
development.
Hence there is need for civil engineers to interact with the following
people and plan the civil engineering infrastructure facilities.
IMPORTANCE OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH
Architects and town planners.
Electrical engineers.
Electronic engineers.
Mechanical and automobile
engineers.
Doctors and health care officers.
Educationalists.
Municipal officers.
Thus civil engineers should understand
importance of an interdisciplinary
approach in their planning and
construction activities so that there is no
complaints from any corner of the society.
It should be noted that correcting
mistakes is always costly and time
consuming. A little bit extra care will avoid
such mistakes.
QUIZ (3MINS)
What is Civil Engineering? Discuss various
civil engineering infrastructures required.
Write short notes on:
(i) Role of Civil Engineers.
(ii) Importance of interdisciplinary
approach in the development of
infrastructures.
SURVEYING
Surveying is the science of map making. To start any
development activity, the relative positions
of various objects in the area with respect to
horizontal and vertical axes through a reference
point
is required. This is achieved by surveying the area.
Earlier, the conventional instruments like
chain, tape and levelling instruments were used. In
this electronic era, modern electronic equipment
like electronic distance meters (EDM) and total
stations are used, to get more accurate results
easily.
Civil Engineering encompasses various specialties including site investigation, contractor's plant management, earthworks, roadwork, bridges, tunneling, marine works, and more. It plays a crucial role in infrastructure development for economic growth, urban planning, and addressing housing needs in both urban and rural areas.
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Presentation Transcript
BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING CVE 301 ENGR. VICTOR B. ADEBAYO Msc, Reng CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
COURSE MODULES/SYNOPSIS Introduction: The meaning of Civil Engineering. Civil engineering and its various specialties. Site investigation, objective of site investigation, classification of rocks and soils, site organization, geophysical survey and techniques. Contractor s plant: Management plant, concreting plant, pile driver plant, crane and hoist, compressed air plant, bituminous mixing plant, pumps and dewatering equipment. Earthworks, general considerations and planning, site consideration, ground conditions, excavation; bulk, rock, trench and embankment. Ground water control and methods. Roadwork, Bridges, Subways andAirfield construction. Tunneling and underpinning, piling, diaphragm and retailing wall systems, vibro- replacement and vibro-compaction. Marine works; Cofferdams, Caissons, under water foundation construction, sea walls, docks, jetties, dredging and reclamation. Revision and preparation for Examination.
INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering which is growing right from the stone-age civilization. American Society of Civil Engineering defines civil engineering as the profession in which mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop economically the materials and forces of the nature for the progressive well-being of man. Engineering is the oldest branch of knowledge of the ways to utilize
CIVIL ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS The world has realized that a government should not involve itself in production and distribution but develop infrastructure to create an atmosphere for economic development. Civil Engineering activities in the infrastructure development are as under:
1. A good planning of towns and extension areas in the cities is required. Each should be self-sufficient accommodating educational institutions, markets, hospitals, recreational facility and residential accommodations extension area in offices,
2. Fast rate of urbanization and increase in the cost of land has forced civil engineers to go for vertical growth in cities. In metropolitan cities, 25 storey buildings have become common. Even in small towns multi-storey buildings have become necessity. These requirements have brought in new building technologies and sophisticated analysis methods. Civil Engineers have to solve the problems of rural areas and poor people also. Low cost housing is the need of the day to make poor people afford their own houses.
3. Water is an important need for all living beings. Civil engineers have to exploit various water resources and ensure water supply to urban areas throughout the year. Rural areas need water for agriculture also. Hence civil engineers have to build dams and tanks and bring water to houses through pipes, and to fields through canals and distributories. 4. Another important amenity that public require is good roads. Design of appropriate base course thickness, finishing surfaces, cross drainage, design of horizontal and vertical curves are the duties of civil engineers. Proper design of intersection of roads is necessary. Construction of culverts, bridges and tunnels became part of road works. Railway is an important long distance facility. Construction of railway lines and railway station is an important infrastructure activity. Globalization has resulted in need for building airports and harbours also. 5. Other important infrastructural activities of civil engineering are controlling air pollution, noise pollution and land pollution.
ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS A civil engineer has to conceive, plan, estimate, get approval, create and maintain all civil engineering infrastructure activities. Civil engineer has a very important role in the development of the following infrastructures: 1. Measure and map the earth s surface. 2. Plan and develop extensions of towns and cities. 3. Build the suitable structures for the rural and urban areas for various utilities. 4. Build the tanks and dams to exploit water resources. 5. Build river navigation and flood control projects.
ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS 6. Build canals and distributaries to take water to agricultural fields. 7. Purify and supply water to needy areas like houses, schools, offices etc. 8. Provide and maintain communication systems like roads, railways, harbours and airports. 9. Devise systems for control and efficient flow of traffic. 10. Provide, build and maintain drainage and waste water disposal system. 11. Monitor land, water and air pollution, and take measures to control them. Fast growing industrialization has put heavy responsibilities on civil engineers to preserve and protect environment.
BASIC AREAS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering is a very vast field. It can be classified into: Surveying Construction engineering Structural engineering Earthquake engineering Geotechnical and foundation engineering Quantity surveying Fluid mechanics
BASIC AREAS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Irrigation engineering Transportation engineering Environmental engineering Town planning Infrastructural development Project management Remote sensing
IMPORTANCE OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Infrastructure facility includes suitable electricity supply. Internet and telephones are also desirable features. Educational facility also forms part of infrastructure. The proximity of good primary and secondary schools to residential areas is desirable. Collegiate and professional education also form part of infrastructure of a city. Good health care is a necessity. Good primary health centres, specialized hospitals and clinical facilities add to the infrastructure facilities. If a city/town has good infrastructure, it satisfies a citizen and he contributes to the development activity of the nation well. Many private entrepreneurs start industries and other economical activities. Employment opportunities increase and there is all round development. Hence there is need for civil engineers to interact with the following people and plan the civil engineering infrastructure facilities.
IMPORTANCE OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Architects and town planners. Electrical engineers. Electronic engineers. Mechanical and automobile engineers. Doctors and health care officers. Educationalists. Municipal officers.
Thus civil engineers should understand importance of an interdisciplinary approach in their planning and construction activities so that there is no complaints from any corner of the society. It should be noted that correcting mistakes is always costly and time consuming. A little bit extra care will avoid such mistakes.
QUIZ (3MINS) What is Civil Engineering? Discuss various civil engineering infrastructures required. Write short notes on: (i) Role of Civil Engineers. (ii) Importance of interdisciplinary approach in the development of infrastructures.
SURVEYING Surveying is the science of map making. To start any development activity, the relative positions of various objects in the area with respect to horizontal and vertical axes through a reference point is required. This is achieved by surveying the area. Earlier, the conventional instruments like chain, tape and levelling instruments were used. In this electronic era, modern electronic equipment like electronic distance meters (EDM) and total stations are used, to get more accurate results easily.
