Characterization of Abandoned Mines in New Mexico: A Study on Legacy Uranium Mines
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Funding Sources
NMBGMR
NEW MEXICO TECH
NM Geological Society
NEW MEXICO EPSCoR (funded by the National Science
Foundation (NSF) award #IIA-1301346)
Appreciation
Navid Mojtabai
Ingar Walder
Lynn Heizler
Tiffany Lutherback
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1948 – 2002, >347 million pounds of U was produced in NM
cumulatively amounting >$ 4.7billion
After effects of Mining & Exploration in NM has resulted in about
300 legacy mines
>1000
uranium occurrences in NM (>100 ppm U, U minerals)
These mines typically include two or more actual mine features
Most of these legacy mines pose little or no environmental or
stability threat to the public and environment
New Mexico Mining and Minerals Division (NMMD) has
assessed approximately 57 AUM (Abandoned Uranium Mine)
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Loading bin, Lucky Don
Waste pile
Mine face
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Lucky Don & Little Davie legacy uranium mines
Rio Grande Rift Cu-Ag (U) vein deposit type, Permian San
Andres Formation
Lucky Don: 1955–1963 U, V mined from limestone by
surface & underground method
Little Davie: U, V mined from limestone by surface &
underground method in 1955
Estimated value of U produced by Lucky Don & Little Davie
$70,000
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Rio Grande Rift Cu-Ag (U) vein deposit type, fault between
Proterozoic Capirote granite and the Miocene (?) sediments
1954–1958 U, V were mined from disseminated U minerals
in the clay zone in fault gouge along the Jeter fault by
surface & underground mining methods
Total U produced from Jeter mine amounts to 58,562
pounds worth ~$500,000
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Fig1. Mining districts within Socorro County
Fig2. Lucky Don & Little Davie AUM
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Fig3. Jeter AUM
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Reclamation efforts have not examined the long-term chemical
effects from these mines
There is still potential for environmental effects long after
remediation of the physical hazards, as found in several areas
in NM including Jackpile mine, Laguna
Some of these observations only come from detailed electron
microprobe studies
Many more legacy mines in NM, which either have not been
safely remediated or closed or their status is unknown
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Data gathering following Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
inventory procedure with modifications
Hazard ranking of mine openings and features, using BLM
ranking methodology with modifications
Sampling of waste and rock piles
General stability analyses of structures
Determination of criteria for use of existing rock piles for backfill
material, location of additional sources of backfill material if
available, and estimates of how local weather would affect the
remediation
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12
Laboratory analyses
Paste pH
G
eochemistry and mineralogy of samples
P
etrography
Electron microprobe
XRF
XRD
A
cid-base accounting
13
To develop a relatively quick and inexpensive
procedure to inventory and characterize legacy
mines in NM using Lucky Don, Little Davie and
Jeter mines all in Socorro county as a case
study and applying to other sites in NM
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Waste & rock pile sampling
Water sampling
GPS/ scintillometer map
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Scintillometer readings from Adits and/ or mine face.
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Radiation reading of 4,435 cps recorded in an adit at
Lucky Don
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Hazard ranking on a scale of 0 – 4
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No evidence of potential acid drainage from field observation
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Carnotite
U,V
(uraninite ?)
A mineralized sample of host rock from
Lucky Don mine ( 4,435 cps)
A mineralized sample of host rock from
Little Davie mine (771 cps)
Samples of waste pile rocks with
disseminated carnotite from Lucky Don
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Backscattered electron (BSE) image
of marked area
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Backscattered electron (BSE) image
of marked area
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Backscattered electron (BSE) image
of marked area
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No evidence of potential acid drainage from field
observations
No pyrite observed in Electron microprobe
No acid drainage inference from paste pH
measurements
~6.72 indicate neutral, 7.39 and 8.18 indicate
moderately alkaline
A hazard ranking of 1 on a scale of 0–4 is low
All 3 mine sites are remote
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General stability analyses of structures
Laboratory analyses
G
eochemistry and mineralogy of samples
P
etrography
XRF
XRD
A
cid-base accounting
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The study delves into the characterization of abandoned mines in New Mexico, particularly focusing on legacy uranium mines like Lucky Don, Little Davie, and Jeter. It explores the background of mining activities in the region, the study areas, and the potential environmental and stability threats posed by abandoned mines. Through the methodology, observations, and conclusions drawn, the research sheds light on the implications and challenges of managing abandoned mines in New Mexico.
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Presentation Transcript
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ABANDONED MINES IN NEW MEXICO John Asafo-Akowuah1, Virginia T. McLemore2 & Ashlynne Winton1 1Department of Mineral Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801 2New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (NMBGMR), New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801 GSA ANNUAL MEETING - 2016 1 09/25/2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding Sources NMBGMR NEW MEXICO TECH NM Geological Society NEW MEXICO EPSCoR (funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) award #IIA-1301346) Appreciation Navid Mojtabai Ingar Walder Lynn Heizler Tiffany Lutherback 2
OUTLINE Background Study Area Problem Identification Objectives Methodology Observations Conclusions 3
BACKGROUND 1948 2002, >347 million pounds of U was produced in NM cumulatively amounting >$ 4.7billion After effects of Mining & Exploration in NM has resulted in about 300 legacy mines >1000 uranium occurrences in NM (>100 ppm U, U minerals) These mines typically include two or more actual mine features Most of these legacy mines pose little or no environmental or stability threat to the public and environment New Mexico Mining and Minerals Division (NMMD) has assessed approximately 57 AUM (Abandoned Uranium Mine) 4
Examples of Legacy mine features Loading bin, Lucky Don Waste pile Mine face 5
STUDY AREA Lucky Don & Little Davie legacy uranium mines Rio Grande Rift Cu-Ag (U) vein deposit type, Permian San Andres Formation Lucky Don: 1955 1963 U, V mined from limestone by surface & underground method Little Davie: U, V mined from limestone by surface & underground method in 1955 Estimated value of U produced by Lucky Don & Little Davie $70,000 6
STUDY AREA Jeter legacy uranium mine Rio Grande Rift Cu-Ag (U) vein deposit type, fault between Proterozoic Capirote granite and the Miocene (?) sediments 1954 1958 U, V were mined from disseminated U minerals in the clay zone in fault gouge along the Jeter fault by surface & underground mining methods Total U produced from Jeter mine amounts to 58,562 pounds worth ~$500,000 7
MAP OF STUDY AREA Socorro 8 Fig1. Mining districts within Socorro County Fig2. Lucky Don & Little Davie AUM
MAP OF STUDY AREA 9 Fig3. Jeter AUM
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Reclamation efforts have not examined the long-term chemical effects from these mines There is still potential for environmental effects long after remediation of the physical hazards, as found in several areas in NM including Jackpile mine, Laguna Some of these observations only come from detailed electron microprobe studies Many more legacy mines in NM, which either have not been safely remediated or closed or their status is unknown 10
OUR APPROACH Data gathering following Bureau of Land Management (BLM) inventory procedure with modifications Hazard ranking of mine openings and features, using BLM ranking methodology with modifications Sampling of waste and rock piles General stability analyses of structures Determination of criteria for use of existing rock piles for backfill material, location of additional sources of backfill material if available, and estimates of how local weather would affect the remediation 11
Laboratory analyses Paste pH Geochemistry and mineralogy of samples Petrography Electron microprobe XRF XRD Acid-base accounting 12
OBJECTIVES To develop a relatively quick and inexpensive procedure to inventory and characterize legacy mines in NM using Lucky Don, Little Davie and Jeter mines all in Socorro county as a case study and applying to other sites in NM 13
METHODOLOGY Waste & rock pile sampling Water sampling GPS/ scintillometer map 14
OBSERVATIONS (Scintillometer Readings) Scintillometer readings from Adits and/ or mine face. Min Radiation Max Radiation Abandoned Uranium Mine Background Radiation (cps) (cps) (cps) 100 4,435 20-50 Lucky Don 120 771 20-50 Little Davie 80 2,000 10-30 Jeter Radiation reading of 4,435 cps recorded in an adit at Lucky Don 15
OBSERVATIONS (Field observation of mine features) Abandoned Uranium Mine BLM Hazard Ranking Depth of Workings (ft) Mine Feature 6 stub adits, loading bin, waste/ rock pile 0 40 1 Lucky Don Pit, short adit, waste/ rock pile 5 10 1 Little Davie Concrete platform, 3 waste pile 300 1 Jeter Hazard ranking on a scale of 0 4
OBSERVATIONS (Ore minerals & Paste pH) Field evidence of potential acid drainage Abandoned Uranium Mine Ore Minerals Paste pH tyuyamunite, carnotite, uraninite, Cu minerals, uranophane ~8.18 No Lucky Don tyuyamunite, carnotite, uraninite, Cu minerals, uranophane ~7.39 No Little Davie carnotite,tyuyamunite alunite, pitchblende, malachite, Fe-Mn oxides, clay, azuritite, barite, calcite ~6.72 No Jeter No evidence of potential acid drainage from field observation 17
OBSERVATIONS (Mineralized samples) Carnotite U,V (uraninite ?) Samples of waste pile rocks with disseminated carnotite from Lucky Don A mineralized sample of host rock from Lucky Don mine ( 4,435 cps) A mineralized sample of host rock from Little Davie mine (771 cps) 18
OBSERVATIONS (Electron microprobe) U,V Backscattered electron (BSE) image of marked area U,V 19
OBSERVATIONS (Electron microprobe) CaCO3 Fe Backscattered electron (BSE) image of marked area 20
OBSERVATIONS (Electron microprobe) U,V U,V Backscattered electron (BSE) image of marked area 21
PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS No evidence of potential acid drainage from field observations No pyrite observed in Electron microprobe No acid drainage inference from paste pH measurements ~6.72 indicate neutral, 7.39 and 8.18 indicate moderately alkaline A hazard ranking of 1 on a scale of 0 4 is low All 3 mine sites are remote 22
FUTURE WORK General stability analyses of structures Laboratory analyses Geochemistry and mineralogy of samples Petrography XRF XRD Acid-base accounting 23
THANK YOU QUESTIONS 24
