Challenges and Vulnerabilities of Climate-Smart Agriculture in the Near East North Africa Region

Climate change poses major challenges to sustainable agriculture in the Near East North Africa region, impacting food security, water availability, and overall agricultural productivity. The region is highly vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change, with increased water scarcity and changing weather patterns leading to potential hardships for farmers and communities. Understanding and addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural practices in the region.

• Climate change
• Agriculture
• Food security
• Near East North Africa
• Sustainability

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1. Climate-Smart Agriculture in the Near East North Africa Region Babagana Ahmadu September 2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 24th to the 26th of September 2018 in Khartoum, Sudan.

2. Major Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture Climate Change, Water crises Food Safety Food Security Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 2

3. Threats of Climate change on food security According (IPCC), Climate change is already hampering agricultural growth. Climate change is estimated to have already reduced global yields of maize and wheat by 3.8% and 5.5% respectively. 40% of jobs in the Arab region are derived from Agriculture. By 2050 production may decline due to less rainfall and hotter conditions Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 3

4. Climate change Assessment of the Arab region Evolution of Agriculture contribution to GDP in NENA Source: RICCAR, Arab Climate Change Assessment Report Main Report. Beirut, E/ESCWA/SDPD/2017/RICCAR/Report. Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 4

5. Vulnerability of the Arab region to Climate Change One of the most vulnerable to the potential negative effects of climate change. Over the past 30 years, climate disasters affected 50 million people in the Arab region, with a reported cost of US$11.5 billion. The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF Sept.2018 5

6. Climate Change Water Gap 2050 in the NENA region IPCC identifies the Middle East and North Africa region as the region most severely affected by climate change, particularly because the effects will stress already severe water scarcity. Climate increase in temperature and reduction in precipitation in much of Mediterranean Africa, northern Sahara, and the eastern Mediterranean, ranging from 10-30%. models predict significant Sept2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 6

7. Climate change impact on livelihood in the Arab region The Arab region will remain arid, with some areas becoming even drier and hotter. Rainfall patterns will change, and the increase in floods and droughts events is likely to continue in the future. 40% of jobs in the Arab region are derived from Agriculture. By 2050 production may decline due to less rainfall and hotter conditions Wheat, maize and barley production in the region expected to decrease. Projections suggest that the rate of agricultural production will decrease slow over the next few decades. Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 7

8. Major impacts on NENA farmers Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 8

9. FAO approach In 2010, FAO launched Climate Smart Agriculture concept and approach in response to the growing need for a clear and coherent strategy for managing agriculture and food systems under climate change to reach food security and development objectives. 18 May 2015 This is the name of the Conference 9

10. Sustainably agricultural and incomes increasing productivity Climate-Smart Agriculture CSA is an approach that helps agricultural systems sustainable development and food security in a changing climate. Adapting resilience change and to building climate ensure Reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible. Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 10

11. Climate-Smart Agriculture Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 11

12. 5-step process to implement the CSA approach 4 5 3 2 2 1 Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 12

13. Climate-resilient transformation pathways for agriculture Business as usual leads to higher risks of food security and lower resilience of food and agricultural systems. whereas, result in higher resilience and lower risks to food security. CSA pathways Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 13

14. Climate-smart agriculture techniques Mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation, integrated crop-livestock management, agroforestry, improved grazing, and improved water management. Also innovative practices such as better weather forecasting, early warning systems and risk insurance The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 14

15. Appropriate CSA Solutions: by farming systems in the NENA Region Major Categories of Farming Systems: Irrigated Mixed Pastoral The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 15

16. Irrigated Systems Challenges: More water stress Potential Solutions: High-efficiency pumps Increased demand for irrigation Precise water applications Reduced yields Deficit irrigation Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 16

17. Mixed Systems Challenges: Reduced yields Potential Solutions: Soil and water management, such as mulching and rainwater harvesting Increased demand for irrigation Differentiated approaches for annual and perennial crops Harder to make agricultural plans Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 17

18. Pastoral Systems Challenges: Increased risk of drought Potential Solutions: Grazing management (rotational grazing , livestock mobility, restoration of degraded lands) Reduced water for livestock and fodder Pasture management (higher yielding grass varieties, optimizing fertilization) Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 18

19. Final Messages Urgent action from public, private and civil society stakeholders at the international to local levels is required in the areas of: Building evidence and assessment tools; Strengthening institutions; regional/national and local related Developing coordinated and evidence-based policies; Increasing financing and its effectiveness. Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 19

20. Final Messages Adopting new tools and internet-based/ICT technologies. Building Smallholder Resilience, and focus on specific vulnerable households (such as widows or disabled people) which will effectively increase poverty reduction and minimizes the devastating impact of climate change effects. Scaling-up Investment in CSA. Sept.2018 The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF 20

21. Thank you The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ISAF Sept.2018 21