Cell Membrane: The Boundary Separating Cells

Slide Note

The cell membrane is a crucial component found in all cells, consisting of proteins and lipids. It acts as a boundary that separates the cell from its environment. Explore different models such as the Fluid Mosaic Model and learn about the components like phospholipids that make up the membrane. Discover the importance of membrane fluidity and how it impacts the cell's function in transporting materials in and out.

latt446 Follow

Uploaded on Mar 03, 2025 | 0 Views

Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.

Download Presentation

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ON STENOSED BLOOD FLOW THROUGH PERMEABLE MICROCIRCULATION IN THE PRESENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD Alana Sankar1*, Sreedhara Rao Gunakala2 and Donna M. G. Comissiong3 Authors 1, 2, 3: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

INTRODUCTION In the Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago has the highest overall percentage of deaths due to CNCDs. Over 60 percent of all deaths are due to the four major CNCDs which are heart disease, diabetes, cancer and stroke. Examining blood flow through a blood vessel with stenosis is crucial in understanding blood flow in patients with atherosclerosis. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

INTRODUCTION Varying haematocrit- polycythaemia, hypertension, Hb SS-sickle cell. Therapy with heat is used in the medical field to heal injured muscles. Magnetic fields- MRI machines, targeted drug transport carriers, cancer tumour treatment and tracers. Cells and organs are extremely sensitive to temperature changes. Medication which can affect vascular permeability- angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, antihistimines, betablockers, calcium channel blockers, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, decongestants and sildenafil. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

OBJECTIVES To model stenosed blood flow in the presence of permeable walls, an external magnetic field and convective heat transfer. To examine the effect of varying parameters on: Friction-factor Reynolds number Temperature Nusselt number To aid in understanding the effects of wall permeability, a magnetic field and the presence of heat transfer on different diseased arterial systems in the future. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION Figure 1: Geometry of the flow. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION The geometry of the stenosis: 1,? 2 ?,?1 ? ? ;? ? ? +1 2 ?,?1 2 1 2 1 2 ? ? + 1 ?,?1 = 1,? 1 + ???2 ? ? ? ;? + 1,? ; otherwise IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION Governing equations: ?? ?? ? ? ?? ??= (1 ?)?? ? + ??(?? ??) ?2?? ,?1 ? ? 1 ? ? ??? ??= ?? ?? ??,?1 ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ??= ? ?? ?0 ?2?0 ,0 ? ?1 Boundary conditions: ? ?? ? ? = ?0 = ?? ,at ? = ?1, ? ?? ? ? = 0,at ? = 0, ? ?? ? ? ,at ? = ?1, ? ?0 ? ? = 1 ? ?? ?0 = ?? ,at ? = ?, ? ?0 ? ? = ?? ????+ ?? ?? ?? ,at ? = ?1, IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION Governing equations: ??? ??= 1 ? ? ? ?? ? ? ???? ? ? ??0 ??= 1 ? ? ? ?0 ? ? ????0 ? ? Boundary conditions: ? ?? ? ? = 0,at ? = 0, ?0 = ?? ,at ? = ?1, ?? ?? ? ? =? ?0 ? ? ,at ? = ?1, ? ?0 ? ? = ? ,at ? = ?, ?? = 0,at ? = 0. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Mean Velocity ? ?1 ? = 2 ??0?? + ? 1 ? ??+ ????? ?1 0 Friction-factor-Reynolds number product 4 ??? = ?1 ?(??1?? ?1?1??1 +?2 +?3 ???1?1???1 ??1?1??1 ??1?? ?? ?? 2 ?2 2?2+??1 2? Nusselt number 2 ?? = ?0?,? ??(? ) IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Figure 2: Effect of varying haematocrit (C) and Hartmann number (M) on fRe. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Figure 3: Effect of varying stenosis height (?) and Darcy number ( ??) on fRe. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Figure 4: Variation of temperature with haematocrit (C) and Hartmann number (M). IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Figure 5: Variation of temperature with Darcy number ( ??). IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Figure 6: Variation of Nusselt number with haematocrit (C) and Hartmann number (M). IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

RESULTS Figure 7: Variation of Nusselt number with stenosis height (?) and Darcy number ( ??). IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

CONCLUSION In patients with an elevated red blood cell level or those exposed to high intensity magnetic fields, a rise in the temperature of the blood is possible. Increasing wall permeability increases temperature so this must be monitored in patients who take drugs which alter wall permeability. On introducing the magnetic field and increasing its intensity, less heat and energy loss is expected. The rate of heat transfer decreased as the wall became more permeable. As haematocrit increases or as the atherosclerotic plaque growth progresses, a slight decline in the heat and energy loss was observed. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

REFERENCES NIH (National Institute of Health). NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences). 2011. Global Environmental Health and Sustainable Development,http:// www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/global_environmental_ health_and_sustainable_development_508.pdf A. Sankar, S.R. Gunakala, D. Comissiong. The effect of heat transfer on two- layered blood flow through a composite stenosis in the presence of a magnetic field. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistical Sciences 3, (2014) 17- 28. D.C. Sanyal, K. Das, S. Debnath. Heat transfer in a two-layered blood flow model in a narrow tube in presence of magnetic field. African Journal of Mathematical Physics 7, (2009) 1-8. Scientific American. 2014. Common prescription drugs alter blood's flow, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/common-prescription-drugs-alter-blood- s-flow/ B. Tripathi, B.K. Sharma. Effects of heat transfer on MHD flow of blood through an inclined porous artery with https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03470 (accessed 11 October 2016). P.A. Voltairas, D.I. Fotiadis, L.K. Michalis. Hydrodynamics of Magnetic Drug Targeting. Journal of Biomechanics 35, (2002) 813-821. stenosis having variable viscosity. IConETech-2020, Faculty of Engineering, The UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago