Cause and Effect Relationships
Cause & Effect
Cause & Effect
Definition: Noting a relationship between
actions or events such that one or more are
the result of the other.
•
Cause & effect is the relationship
between two things when one thing
makes something else happen.
•
There can be more than one cause and
effect in a situation.
Example
The girl studied every night, got help from a
tutor, and therefore did well on the test.
Cause: __________________________
Effect:
__________________________
Answer
Cause:
The girl studied AND got help from
a tutor.
Effect:
She did well on the test.
Can an effect ever be shown before the cause?
YES!
In the real world a cause always comes first,
but an author may tell you the effect before
the cause.
Remember: The cause answers the
question,
why??
Example
The snowman melted and puddles formed
on the ground because of the heat from the
sun.
Cause: __________________________
Effect:
__________________________
Answer
Cause:
The sun
Effect:
The snowman melted and the
puddle formed.
Signal Words
The following are signal words to look for when trying to identify
the cause.
*Because
*This is how
*Since
*For
*For this reason
*So
*Nevertheless
*As a result of
*So that
*Accordingly
*Consequently
*Due to
*Thus
*Therefore
Practice –
Highlight the signal words, underline
the cause, & circle the effect.
1.
People choose to shop at the mall due to
many stores being close together.
2.
She had a lot of free time,
consequently
she spent the day reading a
book.
Answer
1.
People choose to shop at
the
mall
(effect)
due to
many stores being close
together
.- (cause)
2.
She had a lot of free time
, (cause)
consequently
she spent the day reading a
book. (effect)
Look at the following pictures and explain
the cause and effect.
Picture 1
Picture 1
(Possible answers)
Cause:
The players were not looking at where they
were going.
They didn’t call the ball, poor
communication.
Effect:
They ran into each other.
Picture #2
Picture 2
(Possible answers)
Cause:
The runner was trying to make it to home
plate safely.
The catcher was trying to tag the runner.
Effect:
They runner crashed into the catcher.
Picture 3
Picture 3
(Possible answers)
Cause:
The player was tackled by the opponent.
Effect:
The player fumbled the football.
Using Inferences With Cause & Effect
•
In some paragraphs, the cause-and-effect relationship is
not directly stated.
•
In these cases, you have to "read between the lines."
•
Use clues from the paragraph to identify cause-and-
effect relationships.
Practice #1
T
h
e
c
r
i
m
e
r
a
t
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i
n
M
r
.
L
e
o
n
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g
h
b
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h
o
o
d
w
a
s
v
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
.
M
a
n
y
h
o
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s
e
s
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
r
o
b
b
e
d
a
n
d
c
a
r
s
v
a
n
d
a
l
i
z
e
d
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
s
w
e
r
e
u
p
s
e
t
.
W
i
t
h
i
n
t
w
o
w
e
e
k
s
,
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
’
s
c
r
i
m
e
r
a
t
e
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
.
What inference can you make for the cause of the drop in
crime rate?
Practice #1 – Possible Answers
T
h
e
c
r
i
m
e
r
a
t
e
i
n
M
r
.
L
e
o
n
’
s
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
w
a
s
v
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
.
M
a
n
y
h
o
u
s
e
s
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
r
o
b
b
e
d
a
n
d
c
a
r
s
v
a
n
d
a
l
i
z
e
d
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
s
w
e
r
e
u
p
s
e
t
.
W
i
t
h
i
n
t
w
o
w
e
e
k
s
,
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
’
s
c
r
i
m
e
r
a
t
e
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
.
What inference can you make for the cause of the drop in
crime rate?
The police increased patrols in the neighborhood.
The neighbors created a neighborhood watch.
Practice #2
About 75 million people died from the bubonic plague
during the 14
th
century. Half of the population of Italy
fell victim to the disease. The plague caused high fever,
swollen glands, dark bruises or sores on the face, and
spitting of blood. The disease was spread by fleas from
rats. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge
account for the continuous plague epidemics throughout
the 14
th
century.
What inference can you make for the effect the plague had
on those that contracted it?
Practice #2 – Possible Answers
About 75 million people died from the bubonic plague
during the 14
th
century. Half of the population of Italy
fell victim to the disease. The plague caused high fever,
swollen glands, dark bruises or sores on the face, and
spitting of blood. The disease was spread by fleas from
rats. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge
account for the continuous plague epidemics throughout
the 14
th
century.
What inference can you make for the effect the plague had
on those that contracted it?
It was very unpleasant, many died.
Practice #3
Carlos Palomino was a champion boxer.
Yet he gave up boxing
and earned a degree
in recreation. Not everyone can become a
paid athlete, he says. That’s why school is
so important for all young people. Carlos
hopes his example will help others set high
goals in education as well in sports.
What inference can you make about the
cause for Carlos getting a degree in
recreation?
Practice #3 – Possible Answers
Carlos Palomino was a champion boxer. Yet
he gave up boxing
and earned a degree in
recreation. Not everyone can become a paid
athlete, he says. That’s why school is so
important for all young people. Carlos hopes
his example will help others set high goals in
education as well in sports.
What inference can you make about the cause
for Carlos getting a degree in recreation?
He knew he couldn’t box for very long and
would need to get another job.
He wanted another career choice for when his
boxing career ended.
Explore the concept of cause and effect relationships, where one action or event leads to another, with examples and explanations. Learn how to identify causes and effects, and practice using signal words to recognize these relationships effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
Cause & Effect Definition: Noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other. Cause & effect is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. There can be more than one cause and effect in a situation.
Example The girl studied every night, got help from a tutor, and therefore did well on the test. Cause: __________________________ Effect: __________________________
Answer Cause: The girl studied AND got help from a tutor. Effect: She did well on the test.
Can an effect ever be shown before the cause? YES! In the real world a cause always comes first, but an author may tell you the effect before the cause. Remember: The cause answers the question, why??
Example The snowman melted and puddles formed on the ground because of the heat from the sun. Cause: __________________________ Effect: __________________________
Answer Cause: The sun Effect: puddle formed. The snowman melted and the
Signal Words The following are signal words to look for when trying to identify the cause. *Because *This is how *Since *For *For this reason *So *Nevertheless *As a result of *So that *Accordingly *Consequently *Due to *Thus *Therefore
Practice Highlight the signal words, underline the cause, & circle the effect. 1. People choose to shop at the mall due to many stores being close together. 2. consequently she spent the day reading a book. She had a lot of free time,
Answer People choose to shop at the mall 1. (effect) due to many stores being close together.- (cause) 2. consequently she spent the day reading a book. (effect) She had a lot of free time, (cause)
Look at the following pictures and explain the cause and effect. Picture 1
Picture 1 (Possible answers) Cause: The players were not looking at where they were going. They didn t call the ball, poor communication. Effect: They ran into each other.
Picture 2 (Possible answers) Cause: The runner was trying to make it to home plate safely. The catcher was trying to tag the runner. Effect: They runner crashed into the catcher.
Picture 3 (Possible answers) Cause: The player was tackled by the opponent. Effect: The player fumbled the football.
Using Inferences With Cause & Effect In some paragraphs, the cause-and-effect relationship is not directly stated. In these cases, you have to "read between the lines." Use clues from the paragraph to identify cause-and- effect relationships.
Practice #1 The crime rate in Mr. Leon s neighborhood was very high. Many houses had been robbed and cars vandalized. All the neighbors were upset. Within two weeks, the neighborhood s crime rate dropped drastically. What inference can you make for the cause of the drop in crime rate?
Practice #1 Possible Answers The crime rate in Mr. Leon s neighborhood was very high. Many houses had been robbed and cars vandalized. All the neighbors were upset. Within two weeks, the neighborhood s crime rate dropped drastically. What inference can you make for the cause of the drop in crime rate? The police increased patrols in the neighborhood. The neighbors created a neighborhood watch.
Practice #2 About 75 million people died from the bubonic plague during the 14thcentury. Half of the population of Italy fell victim to the disease. The plague caused high fever, swollen glands, dark bruises or sores on the face, and spitting of blood. The disease was spread by fleas from rats. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge account for the continuous plague epidemics throughout the 14thcentury. What inference can you make for the effect the plague had on those that contracted it?
Practice #2 Possible Answers About 75 million people died from the bubonic plague during the 14thcentury. Half of the population of Italy fell victim to the disease. The plague caused high fever, swollen glands, dark bruises or sores on the face, and spitting of blood. The disease was spread by fleas from rats. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge account for the continuous plague epidemics throughout the 14thcentury. What inference can you make for the effect the plague had on those that contracted it? It was very unpleasant, many died.
Practice #3 Carlos Palomino was a champion boxer. Yet he gave up boxing and earned a degree in recreation. Not everyone can become a paid athlete, he says. That s why school is so important for all young people. Carlos hopes his example will help others set high goals in education as well in sports. What inference can you make about the cause for Carlos getting a degree in recreation?
Practice #3 Possible Answers Carlos Palomino was a champion boxer. Yet he gave up boxing and earned a degree in recreation. Not everyone can become a paid athlete, he says. That s why school is so important for all young people. Carlos hopes his example will help others set high goals in education as well in sports. What inference can you make about the cause for Carlos getting a degree in recreation? He knew he couldn t box for very long and would need to get another job. He wanted another career choice for when his boxing career ended.
