Anti-Doping Rule Violations Consequences
Consequences
of anti-doping rule violations
(a)
Disqualification
means the athlete’s results in a particular competition or event are invalidated, with all resulting
consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes;
(b)
Ineligibility
means the athlete or other person is barred on account of an anti-doping rule violation for a specified
period of time from participating in any competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.14.1; and
(c)
Provisional Suspension
means the athlete or other person is barred temporarily from participating in any competition
or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8;
(d)
Financial Consequences
means a financial sanction imposed for an anti-doping rule violation or to recover costs
associated with an anti-doping rule violation; and
(e)
Public Disclosure
means the dissemination or distribution of information to the general public or Persons beyond those
persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14. Teams in team sports may also be subject to
consequences as provided in Article 11.
The consequences are described in detail in Articles 10 and 11 of the WADA Code.
Consequences of anti-doping rule violations
by an athlete or other person:
Doping substances and methods may cause numerous adverse reactions. Of particular importance are the
adverse effects of doping on the cardiovascular system. The most common cardiovascular complications :
Stroke
- erythropoietin, amphetamine, cocaine;
Arrhythmias/ sudden cardiac death
- anabolic-androgenic steroids (SAA), erythropoietin, growth hormone,
β2-Mimetics, diuretics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine, narcotic analgesics;
Hypertension -
SAA, erythropoietin, growth hormone, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine;
Cardiomyopathies
- SAA, erythropoietin, growth hormone, β2-
m
imetics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine;
Acute coronary syndromes
- SAA, erythropoietin, β2-
m
imetics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine;
Accelerated development of atherosclerosis
- SAA, β2-
m
imetics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine.
Source:
Doping w sporcie
[
Doping in Sport
]
,
ed
.:
p
rof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Cardiovascular effects of the use of
doping substances
Hormone doping categories
:
Direct androgen doping
- exogenous SAAs: danazol, clostebol, formebolone, oxabolone, stanozolol,
endogenous SAAs: androstendiol, androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone,
testosterone;
Indirect androgen doping
that involves the administration of substances that increase endogenous
testosterone synthesis: gonadotropins (in males): human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone
(LH), androgen modulators: aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), anti-
estrogens, androstendione, DHEA, others: selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs).
Source:
Doping w sporcie
[
Doping in Sport
], ed.:
p
rof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Endocrinological effects of the use of
doping substances
S1. Anabolic agents
- reduce tissue sensitivity to insulin, increase hepatic glucose production, induce hyperinsulinemia,
induce chronic inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction;
S2. Peptide hormones and growth factors
- reduce tissue sensitivity to insulin, induce hyperinsulinaemia;
S3. β2-Mimetics
- increase hepatic glucose production, induce insulin resistance
;
S4. Hormone and metabolic modulators
- any interference leading to an increase in counterregulatory hormones in
relation to insulin induces insulin resistance; insulin injections in healthy subjects can induce hypoglycaemia followed by
induction of insulin resistance;
S5. Diuretics and masking agents
- can induce hypokalaemia resulting in impaired insulin secretion by β-cells;
S9. Glucocorticoids
- induce insulin resistance and impair insulin secretion by β-cells;
P1. β-blockers
- affect carbohydrates metabolism by reducing insulin secretion
.
Source:
Doping w sporcie
[
Doping in Sport
], ed.: prof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Diabetogenic effects of doping
substances
Fast improvement of sporting performance, fast increase in muscle mass and strength;
In males: acne, alopecia, gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, potency disorders;
In females: lowered voice timbre, hirsutism (male-like hair pattern), androgenetic alopecia, breast atrophy,
clitoral hypertrophy, menstrual cycle disorders;
In children: signs of precocious puberty with premature epiphyseal overgrowth and short stature;
Behavioural changes, e.g. tendency for aggression and propensity to fight, impulsiveness, irritability,
depression
;
Abnormal results of additional tests, i.e. high hematocrit level and hemoglobin count, indeterminable
luteinizing hormone level, decreased concentration of serum sex hormone-binding protein.
Source:
Doping w sporcie
[
Doping in Sport
], ed.: prof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Symptoms of anabolic-androgenic
steroid use (SAA)
Anti-doping rule violation’s impact extends far beyond the individual athlete or athlete support
personnel member committing the ADRV; it also affects their constant supporters: family members,
friends, teammates, sponsors, etc.
It may damage not only the athlete's reputation, but also the reputation of their country and
sport as such;
ADRV usually means loss of sponsorship contracts;
In extreme cases, ADRV may cause loss of job (in uniformed services or professions in which
impeccable reputation is required);
Apart from consequences for athlete’s physical health, the athlete's mental health may also be at
risk.
Social, financial and psychological
consequences
The impact of anti-doping rule violations on athletes and the broader sporting community. Explore the potential sanctions and penalties faced by individuals violating anti-doping regulations. Learn about the significance of maintaining fair play and integrity in sports to uphold the spirit of competition. Discover the repercussions and long-term effects that anti-doping violations can have on careers and reputations in the sports world.
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Presentation Transcript
Consequences of anti-doping rule violations
Consequences of anti-doping rule violations by an athlete or other person: (a) Disqualification means the athlete s results in a particular competition or event are invalidated, with all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the athlete or other person is barred on account of an anti-doping rule violation for a specified period of time from participating in any competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.14.1; and (c) Provisional Suspension means the athlete or other person is barred temporarily from participating in any competition or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8; (d) Financial Consequences means a financial sanction imposed for an anti-doping rule violation or to recover costs associated with an anti-doping rule violation; and (e) Public Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of information to the general public or Persons beyond those persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14. Teams in team sports may also be subject to consequences as provided in Article 11. The consequences are described in detail in Articles 10 and 11 of the WADA Code.
Cardiovascular effects of the use of doping substances Doping substances and methods may cause numerous adverse reactions. Of particular importance are the adverse effects of doping on the cardiovascular system. The most common cardiovascular complications : Stroke - erythropoietin, amphetamine, cocaine; Arrhythmias/ sudden cardiac death - anabolic-androgenic steroids (SAA), erythropoietin, growth hormone, 2-Mimetics, diuretics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine, narcotic analgesics; Hypertension - SAA, erythropoietin, growth hormone, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine; Cardiomyopathies - SAA, erythropoietin, growth hormone, 2-mimetics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine; Acute coronary syndromes - SAA, erythropoietin, 2-mimetics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine; Accelerated development of atherosclerosis - SAA, 2-mimetics, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine. Source: Doping w sporcie [Doping in Sport], ed.: prof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadro ny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Endocrinological effects of the use of doping substances Hormone doping categories: Direct androgen doping - exogenous SAAs: danazol, clostebol, formebolone, oxabolone, stanozolol, endogenous SAAs: androstendiol, androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, testosterone; Indirect androgen doping that involves the administration of substances that increase endogenous testosterone synthesis: gonadotropins (in males): human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), androgen modulators: aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), anti- estrogens, androstendione, DHEA, others: selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Source: Doping w sporcie [Doping in Sport], ed.: prof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadro ny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Diabetogenic effects of doping substances S1. Anabolic agents - reduce tissue sensitivity to insulin, increase hepatic glucose production, induce hyperinsulinemia, induce chronic inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction; S2. Peptide hormones and growth factors - reduce tissue sensitivity to insulin, induce hyperinsulinaemia; S3. 2-Mimetics - increase hepatic glucose production, induce insulin resistance; S4. Hormone and metabolic modulators - any interference leading to an increase in counterregulatory hormones in relation to insulin induces insulin resistance; insulin injections in healthy subjects can induce hypoglycaemia followed by induction of insulin resistance; S5. Diuretics and masking agents - can induce hypokalaemia resulting in impaired insulin secretion by -cells; S9. Glucocorticoids - induce insulin resistance and impair insulin secretion by -cells; P1. -blockers - affect carbohydrates metabolism by reducing insulin secretion. Source: Doping w sporcie [Doping in Sport], ed.: prof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadro ny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Symptoms of anabolic-androgenic steroid use (SAA) Fast improvement of sporting performance, fast increase in muscle mass and strength; In males: acne, alopecia, gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, potency disorders; In females: lowered voice timbre, hirsutism (male-like hair pattern), androgenetic alopecia, breast atrophy, clitoral hypertrophy, menstrual cycle disorders; In children: signs of precocious puberty with premature epiphyseal overgrowth and short stature; Behavioural changes, e.g. tendency for aggression and propensity to fight, impulsiveness, irritability, depression; Abnormal results of additional tests, i.e. high hematocrit level and hemoglobin count, indeterminable luteinizing hormone level, decreased concentration of serum sex hormone-binding protein. Source: Doping w sporcie [Doping in Sport], ed.: prof. Andrzej Pokrywka, Ph.D. in pharmacy; Magdalena Bujalska-Zadro ny, Ph.D. in pharmacy; prof. Artur Mamcarz, Ph.D. in medicine
Social, financial and psychological consequences Anti-doping rule violation s impact extends far beyond the individual athlete or athlete support personnel member committing the ADRV; it also affects their constant supporters: family members, friends, teammates, sponsors, etc. It may damage not only the athlete's reputation, but also the reputation of their country and sport as such; ADRV usually means loss of sponsorship contracts; In extreme cases, ADRV may cause loss of job (in uniformed services or professions in which impeccable reputation is required); Apart from consequences for athlete s physical health, the athlete's mental health may also be at risk.
