Airplane Flight Controls
Airplane Flight
Controls
The three primary flight controls
control the airplane’s attitude
Ailerons
Elevator
Rudder
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Control
roll
about
longitudinal
axis
Interconnected—operate
simultaneously in opposite directions
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Yoke to the right
Right aileron deflects upward (left
downward)
Downward deflection increases
camber and lift (upward deflection
decreases lift)
Increased lift on left wing, decreased
on right
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Horizontal component of lift
Counteracts centrifugal force
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More lift = more drag
Added drag yaws nose to the direction
of the raised wing
Use rudder to counteract
More needed at low airspeed/high angle
of attack and with large aileron
deflections
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Differential ailerons
One aileron raise more than other lowered
Increased drag on descending wing
Frise-type ailerons
Raised aileron pivots on offset hinge
Leading edge of aileron into airflow creates
drag to equalize lowered aileron drag
More effective at high AOA
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Controls
pitch
about
lateral
axis
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Pull yoke
Elevator (trailing edge) deflects
upward
Upward deflection decreases camber
and lift
Tail moves down—nose pitches up
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T-tail
Elevator above downwash effects
Slow airspeed—elevator less effective without
downwash to assist in raising the nose
Stabilator
Combines horizontal stabilizer and elevator
Anti-servo tabs
On trailing edge
Decrease sensitivity
Move the same direction as the trailing edge
Provide resistance so that pilot does not
overcontrol the airplane
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Controls
yaw
around
vertical
axis
Operated though cables
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Push left pedal
Rudder moves to the left, altering
airflow around vertical stabilizer
Creates sideward force—moves the
tail to the right, yaws the nose to the
left
Effectiveness increases with speed
and slipstream
Purpose
Counteract adverse yaw
Provide directional control and
coordination
Explore the essential flight controls of an airplane, including ailerons, elevator, and rudder. Learn how these controls affect the aircraft's attitude, roll, turning, and lift distribution. Discover the significance of differential ailerons, adverse yaw, and the interconnected operation of primary flight controls.
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Presentation Transcript
Airplane Flight Controls
The three primary flight controls control the airplane s attitude Ailerons Elevator Rudder
Control roll about longitudinal axis Ailerons Ailerons Movement Movement Turning Turning Interconnected operate simultaneously in opposite directions Adverse yaw Adverse yaw Types Types Elevator Elevator Rudder Rudder
Yoke to the right Ailerons Ailerons Movement Movement Turning Turning Right aileron deflects upward (left downward) Adverse yaw Adverse yaw Types Types Elevator Elevator Downward deflection increases camber and lift (upward deflection decreases lift) Rudder Rudder Increased lift on left wing, decreased on right turn to the right
Horizontal component of lift Counteracts centrifugal force Ailerons Ailerons Movement Movement Turning Turning Adverse yaw Adverse yaw Types Types Elevator Elevator Rudder Rudder
More lift = more drag Ailerons Ailerons Movement Movement Turning Turning Added drag yaws nose to the direction of the raised wing Adverse yaw Adverse yaw Types Types Elevator Elevator Use rudder to counteract More needed at low airspeed/high angle of attack and with large aileron deflections Rudder Rudder
Differential ailerons One aileron raise more than other lowered Increased drag on descending wing Ailerons Ailerons Movement Movement Turning Turning Adverse yaw Adverse yaw Types Types Frise-type ailerons Raised aileron pivots on offset hinge Leading edge of aileron into airflow creates drag to equalize lowered aileron drag More effective at high AOA Elevator Elevator Rudder Rudder
Controls pitch about lateral axis Ailerons Ailerons Elevator Elevator Movement Movement Types Types Rudder Rudder
Pull yoke Ailerons Ailerons Elevator Elevator Elevator (trailing edge) deflects upward Movement Movement Types Types Rudder Rudder Upward deflection decreases camber and lift downward aerodynamic force Tail moves down nose pitches up
T-tail Elevator above downwash effects Slow airspeed elevator less effective without downwash to assist in raising the nose Ailerons Ailerons Elevator Elevator Movement Movement Types Types Rudder Rudder Stabilator Combines horizontal stabilizer and elevator Anti-servo tabs On trailing edge Decrease sensitivity Move the same direction as the trailing edge Provide resistance so that pilot does not overcontrol the airplane
Controls yaw around vertical axis Ailerons Ailerons Elevator Elevator Operated though cables Rudder Rudder Movement Movement
Push left pedal Ailerons Ailerons Elevator Elevator Rudder moves to the left, altering airflow around vertical stabilizer Rudder Rudder Movement Movement Creates sideward force moves the tail to the right, yaws the nose to the left Effectiveness increases with speed and slipstream Purpose Counteract adverse yaw Provide directional control and coordination
