Aircraft Banking and Turning Techniques Overview
Aircraft banking and turning involve rolling the aircraft to a predetermined angle of bank while maintaining performance and balance for level, climbing, or descending flight to achieve a predetermined heading. The primary methods for banking include using ailerons to turn the airplane, rudder to balance yaw, and elevator to maintain height in the turn. Factors such as adverse yaw, stall speed increase in turning flight, and overbanking must be considered during maneuvers to ensure safe and efficient flying. Various flight exercises demonstrate medium level turns, climbing turns, and adverse yaw corrections to enhance pilot skills in controlling the aircraft during different phases of flight.
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Presentation Transcript
Turning Turning 3 3 Axis Axis
AIM To roll the aircraft to a predetermined Angle of Bank (AOB), whilst maintaining the required performance and balance for level, climbing or descending flight to any predetermined heading
APPLICATION For use in all phase of flight to change the aircrafts heading
UNDERPINNING UNDERPINNING THEORY THEORY
Banking the aircraft is the primary method for creating a force towards the turning direction Ailerons are primary control to turn the aeroplane Rudder for balance to overcome adverse yaw Elevator maintains height in the turn Adverse yaw explained Stall Speed increases in turning flight due to increased loading
Adverse Yaw L on upgoing wing, also means D yawing away from turn Rudder to balance yaw as ailerons deflected then neutral
Overbanking Outer wing travels further, more L, created increased rolling force Avoid tendency to hold off bank with aileron Performance When climbing and turning, angle of bank must be considered (recommend maximum 15 degrees)
FLIGHT EXERCISE FLIGHT EXERCISE
Adverse Yaw Demonstration only
Medium Level Turn Medium Level Turn From S&L Lookout Roll with aileron to 30o AoB Balance with rudder Backpressure to maintain altitude -
ClimbingTurn ClimbingTurn Establish in climb Lookout Roll with aileron to set AoB Balance with rudder Hold backpressure to maintain climb airspeed
Descending Turn Descending Turn Establish in descent Lookout Roll with aileron to set AoB Balance with rudder Maintain backpressure to descent airspeed
In Turn Lookout ALWAYS before turning Ailerons for Roll Rudder for Balance Elevator to maintain lift (power as required for steep turns) Turn maintenance, types of turns
Exit Look for reference point Anticipate rollout by reducing the angle of bank Roll wings level Balance with rudder Relax backpressure Reset S&L attitude Check PAT
AIRMANSHIP AND HUMAN FACTORS Lookout - Situational Awareness SA Appropriate bank angles for phase of flight Blind spots in turns Horizon remains primary reference Understanding vestibular system and balance Banked horizon reference different in turn (side by side seating)
OUTCOMES & EXPECTATIONS Correct sequence and control through a range of bank angles up to 60 degrees and in all configurations Recognition of errors and appropriate corrections applied Required standard: Heading +/- 10 degrees, Height +/- 100ft, Airspeed +/- 5kts, Balanced
QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS?
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