Advancements in Nuclear Physics Research at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) in Italy is an esteemed institute under the INFN focusing on nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics. With cutting-edge accelerators and experimental apparatuses, LNL conducts research on nuclear spectroscopy, reaction dynamics, production of exotic beams, and radioisotopes for medical applications. The SPES project, a second-generation ISOL facility, is a significant part of LNL's initiatives in the field. Their activities span interdisciplinary research, accelerator technology development, and applied research in various nuclear science domains.

• Nuclear Physics
• Research
• Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
• Italy
• SPES Project

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1. I Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Diego Bettoni INFN, LNL, Italy La Fisica Nucleare incontra la Chimica dei Radiofarmaci a Legnaro LNL 13 Aprile 2018

2. Mission: Nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics: nuclear spectroscopy reaction dynamics Advanced technologies for applications to nuclear physics and other fields Technology transfer Strengths: Development of accelerators (e.g. RFQ) Radiation detectors Surface technology Personnel: 138 staff 700 users (50 % from Italy) Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 2

3. LNL - Accelerators CN (1961) TANDEM (1981) AN2000 (1971) Ciclotrone SPES (2016) ALPI (1995) PIAVE (2005) Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 3

4. LNL Experimental Apparatuses PRISMA EXOTIC GALILEO LIRAS GARFIELD Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 4

5. Summary of Activities Nuclear Physics Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reaction Dynamics with the current accelerators Nuclear Physics with RIBs: SPES Applied Research Surface technology Radiobiology and Dosimetry Radioisotopes for Nuclear Medicine: LARAMED, ISOLPHARM Accelerator Technology IFMIF (RFQ) ESS (DTL) MUNES (RFQ) Interdisciplinary Research Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 5

6. The SPES Project

7. SPES Second generation ISOL facility integrated in the European road-map for Nuclear Physics (EURISOL DS) 1_ Production of exotic beams (Mainly Neutron rich ions from p-induced Fission on UCx ) 2_ Re-acceleration of exotic beams with the ALPI linac 3_ Production of Radioisotopes for Nuclear Medicine Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 7

8. RIB Production I In Flight Separation A primary ion beam of several tens of MeV per nucleon is fragmented in a primary target, producing particles that following electromagnetic selection, are directly used for experiments. Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 8

9. RIB Production II ISOL Isotope Separation On Line Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 9

10. SPES Physics LOIs 2016 TOPICS Transfer 9%4% 21% COULEX 8% Fusion/Fission 13% 17% Astrophysics 13% 15% Decay Studies 47 LOIs submitted to SAC 15% with non re-accelerated RIBs 21% with 132Sn Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 10

11. the Cyclotron protons 30 70 MeV 750 A 52 kW Dual Beam Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 11

12. Physics Domain with RIB Physics Domain with RIB Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics SPES Second generation To day today 1013 fiss/s today Second generation Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 12

13. EURISOL Distributed Facility User communities SPES INFN User communities SPIRAL2 GANIL User communities ISOL@ MYRRHA SCK-CEN ISOLDE CERN DF JY FL ALTO IN2P3 COPIN User communities A distribute laboratory for radioactive beams: More exotic beams available Coordination of competences to face EURISOL technologic challenges Joint effort to manage the activity at European level Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 13

14. ISOL Facilities Laboratory New RIB projects Beam to experiment notes LNL SPES 2020 (no reacc) 2022 (reacc 10A MeV) Second generation ISOL_UCx CERN HIE_ISOLDE 2017 (reacc 5A MeV) 2021 (High Intensity) Second generation ISOL_UCx TRIUMF ARIEL 2020 (no reacc) Second generation ISOL_UCx GANIL SPIRAL2 2023 High intensity Fusion- Evaporation India ANURIB, VECC (2025) ISOL design study China BRIF (CIAE) (2014 cyclotron commissioned) ISOL under construction Corea RISP 2022 In-flight & ISOL_UCx GSI FAIR 2025 In-flight Michigan FRIB 2022-24 In-flight Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 14

15. Radiofarmaci

16. Radiopharmaceuticals Radiopharmaceuticals are medicines that deliver a predefined amount of radiation to a target tissue for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. They are made of a radioactive core and a carrier system, which allows the deposition of radiation on the malignant cell population avoiding damage to healthy tissues Therapeutic agents Diagnostic agents Theranostic agents Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 16

17. Production Methods Radionucleotides from traditional methods: High neutron/proton fluxes required Irradiation of targets of the same element Direct reaction methods -> A(p,x) or A(n,x) Target with large activation levels Chemical separation required With ISOL technique: Radionuclides can be easily produced as carrier-free isotopes (Mass Separation) No nuclear reactor required for several beta-radionuclides Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 17

18. SPES- Radioisotopes for Nuclear Medicine Research Production RIFAC RILAB Cross Section measurements through target activation High power targets tests Radio-isotope/radio- pharmaceutical Production test facility (99mTc, 64Cu, 67Cu, 82Sr, ...) Production facility operated by INFN and private partner for research and production of radioisotopes (64Cu, 67Cu, 82Sr, 68Ge, ...) Double extraction cyclotron ISOL1 ISOL2 Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 18

19. Cyclotron Production of Medical Radionuclides Radioisotope Half-life Mn-52 5.6 d Cu-64 12.7 h Cu-67 2.58 d Zn-63 Zr-89 38.5 min 3.3 d p I-124 4.18 d d A Y Z Ac-225 10 d p AX Z p n Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 19

20. INFN already funded/running projects Project name Accelerator-Tc-99m alternative (direct) production route through hospital cyclotrons APOTEMA (2012-2014) TECHNOSP (2015-2017) Participation to Coordinated Research Project ' (CRP) on Alternative , non HEU-based, Tc-99m /Mo99 supply IAEA CRP (code F22062) (2011-2015) Alternative Cu-64/Cu-67 production for theranostic application COME (2016) Alternative Sc-47 production for theranostic application PASTA (2017-2018) Participation to Coordinated Research Project ' (CRP) on Radiopharmaceuticals Labelled with New Emerging Radionuclides Cu-67, Re-186, Sc-47 IAEA CRP (code F22053) (2016-2019) High Power Target concepts R&D (64/67Cu) TERABIO comp. project (2016-2019) Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 20

21. APOTEMA/TECHN-OSP Cyclotron-based 99mTc production Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 21

22. COME exp.: CSN3 funded (2016) Innovative route: 70Zn(p, )67Cu reaction Estimations based on Talys code Best energy range: 50-70 MeV Exp data are needed ! No experimental data are available for EP > 35 MeV CoMe CoMe project project: : 70Zn( Zn(p,x p,x) )67 measurement measurement 70 67Cu, Cu,64 64Cu Cu 5 5 Irradiation Irradiation runs runs @ @ Arronax Arronax done done during during 2016 : data 2016 : data analysis analysis in progress ! in progress ! Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 22

23. PASTA Project: Production of 47Sc @ LNL Overall proton-induced reactions for 47Sc production (NNDC, 2016) The trend of these nuclear cross sections has to be confirmed.. Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 23

24. ISOLPHARM Use of ISOL technique for Direct isotope on-line separation: very high radionuclidic purity without chemical purification ISOLPHARM High specific activity radioPHARMaceuticals production with ISOL technique HIGH RADIONUCLIDIC PURITY ISOL technique leads to the production of radioactive ion beams (Isolpharm is an international INFN patent) Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 24

25. Thank You Enjoy the Workshop Diego Bettoni Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 25