Insights from the 2022 Population and Housing Census in Tanzania
Tanzania conducted its 6th post-independence census in 2022, incorporating a parallel Housing Census for the first time. Lessons learned include data collection improvements and addressing challenges such as data demand gaps. The census covered diverse topics like demographics, disabilities, migration, education, and economic activities, following UN principles. Stakeholders' input helped tailor the census to meet various needs.
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The 2022 PHC Conducted in Tanzania What Lessons and Challenges can be learned and addressed? Titus Mwisomba, National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Date: [04 April 2023] Session number: R1.1
Outline Introduction; Census History Topics Covered Main Lessorn Learnt; Challenges To be Addressed; Conclusion; and Recommendation
Introduction Tanzania conducted its 6thpost independence and the first digital census in 2022; The history of population censuses/counts in Tanzania dates back in 1910; The first scientific census was undertaken in year 1958; Others post-independence censuses were carried out in 1967, 1978, 1988, 2002, 2012; and All post-independence censuses were conducted in accordance with UN Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses.
Introduction For the first time in the history of census undertaking, Tanzania Housing census in parallel with the Population and Housing census; The Government of importance of undertaking Housing Census; and Reference date for the 2022 PHC was Tuesday 23rd August 2022 and it was a public holiday; managed to conduct Tanzania sees the and Population
Introduction A part from the Housing Questionnaire, the 2022 PHC had 100 questions traditional census questionnaire with the following topics; Demographics (total population, age and sex, marital status, relationship with the head of household) Information on Disabilities (using Washington Group set of questions and additional local questions) Migration (using recommended questions from IOM) Information on possession of national documents and orphanhood Education Economic Activities Land ownership and information regarding ICT, Fertility, Maternal and general mortality Housing ownership, condition, characteristics and assets Information on agriculture, livestock, fisheries and forestry, etc
Introduction Data collected based on existing Data demand Gap What does it mean? It is through different forum, stakeholeder had an opportunity to point out what they need for their puporses; Inclusion of variables which were left behind in previous Census; and These stakeholders included MDAs, Develpoment Partners and Private Sector
Introduction Where is the Data Gap Coming from? National Development Agenda: 2025 Tanzania Development Vision 2025, the focus now is 2050; Evaluation of the 2020 Tanzania Zanzibar Development Vision; and Third Five Year Development Plan 2021/22 2025/26, Africa Agenda 2063: The current data gap is significant and still exists in terms of:- geographic coverage; and timeliness, and level of dis-aggregation. Monitor SDGs 2030 Agenda: The focus is on differences across regions, and who are being left behind;
Introduction It is anticipated that, the available data will be used for:- Evidence-based decisions making; Planning for development Project; Monitoring development projects; Designining and evaluation of existing policies; A benchmark for various projects; and Frames for future sample surveys.
Main Lessons To Be Learn Government Commitment Government of Tanzania, has been on the driving Seat while undertaking 2022 PHC, in terms of financial, human & Time Resources; DPs support (in-kind, financially and TA); Political will, Publicity and Advocacy was pioneered by H.E Dr. Samia Suluhu Hassan, the president of UR Tanzania; National Leaders were on different National Committees (Central census committees or committee of ministers co-chaired by PM and Second Vice President of Zanzibar; National Advisory committee or committee of permanent secretaries co-chaired by PS Prime ministers office and PS Office of the Second Vice President of Zanzibar; Create Awareness of the Census to the Public
High Level Leaders were Fully involved and Participated Hon. Anne Makinda Hon. Dr Samia Suluhu Hassan Commissar of 2022 Tanzania PHC President of United Republic of Tanzania
Main Lessons To Be Learn The use of Tablets was so instrumental for data collection (more than 200,000 tablest); The flow of information from the field to HQ was so quick (Enumerator to Supervisor to Server Bluetooth, Internet); Real time monitoring of data collection and flow of information from the field; Data processing started at per with Data Collection Exercise (Short time for Data Processing) ; Levels of Quality check was established to enhance data quality; Logistic team were formed; and Prepare dispatch plan of census documents prior to the start of the regional and district level training
Main Lessons To Be Learn Pre-Testing and Pilot Census The UN recommends that, exactly one year before the actual census, a comprehensive test of all census procedures should be carried out. The 2022 Pilot Census assessed the suitability of the proposed materials for enumerating specific population groups, as well as the public in general . Series of pre-testing to asses functioning to the system Objectives Assess the whole process of the 2022 population census; Test the suitability and adequacy of the 2022 PHC instruments (EA, maps, questionnaires, Quality Control, instruction manuals and field work Procedures); and Evaluate the quality of data on important variables such as age, fertility, mortality, migration, disability, economic activity, education, housing conditions, diasporas and day population;
Main Lessons To Be Learn Pilot Objectives Come up with suggestions on the average time required to enumerate a single household which is an important input in estimating the staff, financial requirements and other resources for the 2022 PHC; Test the adequacy of field and 2022 PHC organization team; Test the data processing system; and Test awareness of the population about the census and its reaction to census questions.
Main Challenges To Be Address Unavailability of Internet in some of Rural Areas but the use of Virtual Private Network (VPN) enabled data flow; and Late procurement of tablets delayed provisioning exercise innovative Ideas of National IT expert, ECA and US Census Bureau managed to provision all 200,000+ tablets Minority Groups Certain communities could not cooperate and respond fully to the census exercise unless provided with meat (Leaving No One Behind)
Challenges To Be Address Interviewing Challenges: Some respondents questions on ownership of assets by associating them with taxes and/or privatization; hesitated to respond to In certain areas women were not allowed to respond to questions without permissions from their husbands;
Conclusion Information, Education and Communication (IEC) was key for successful implementation of 2022 PHC in Tanzania; Some of the DPs contributed Tablets to assist in data collection, it is important to bring on board all key stakeholders; and Involvement of the High Level Leaders is important
Recommendations A pilot census should be a reflection of the main census and the recommendations from the pilot census should be taken on board; Careful planning and budgeting is needed for logistics during the main census; No new technology or procedure should be used during the main census if it was not pre-tested and tested in the pilot census; and No new set of questions should be added to the main census, if they were not pre-tested and tested during the pilot census.
Asante sana Thank you Merci Beaucoup
