A Comparative Study of Agriculture in British Historical Statistics Project and Agrarian History of England & Wales
Explore the comparison between Mitchell (1988) and Agrarian History of England & Wales regarding agriculture data, identifying overlaps and differences, newer additions, and sources outside agriculture. Michael Turner presents an audit of agriculture data from Mitchell and AHEW, showcasing tables, maps, and graphs for analysis.
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BHSP BRITISH HISTORICAL STATISTICS PROJECT BHSP: Modern Statistics (illustrated mainly through Agriculture) Michael Turner (University of Hull) 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 1
Todays Exercise To review the single sector of Agriculture Comparing Mitchell (1988) with Agrarian History of England & Wales (AHEW) Vol. VII, (2000) To identify some overlaps & differences To indicate what has been added more recently To identify some new sources outside agriculture By knocking on the doors of our colleagues 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 2
An Audit of Agriculture Mitchell in the light of AHEW Vol. VII Source Mitchell AHEW (VII) Dates 1697-1980 1850-1914 Pages 56 (6 script) 382 (65 script) Tables 21 Other 104 32 maps 55 graphs The next 3 slides compare the detail in Mitchell from his 21 tables with the details from AHEW and indicating the differences and some of the latest additions to our knowledge 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 3
Mitchell mid 19th C 1980 1. Crop acres (GB 1867-1980) 2. Crop acres (Ireland 1847-1980) 3. Wheat yields (E&W 1884-1980) yes (better?) TBA (2001)* 4. Production (GB) 5. Production (Ireland) 6. Livestock no (GB) 7. Livestock no (Ireland) 8. Meat prod (UK 1901-80, Rep 1935-80) by animal 1867-1914) carcass wts. *Note: TBA is Turner, Beckett, Afton, Farm Production (CUP, 2001) AHEW c.1850-1914 yes (to 1914) county dist New county dist yes (better?) Paul Brassley yes (UK by value better via better? county dist county dist 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 4
Mitchell mid 19th C 1980 9. Dairy production (1900-) 10. Fish landings 11. Agric Output (1855-1965) 12. Inputs/outputs UK (1867-1980) 13. ditto Ireland 1926-1980 14. No of agric workers (1921-80) by value (via Bellerby) Irish creameries not covered via Bellerby via Bellerby & Phillips on drainage (detail in FML chapter on fertilizer) not covered back to 1851 (based on Booth, Bowley, Taylor, & Armstrong) AHEW c.1850-1914 milk output New milk yields & MHSC (Hull)* Brassley, Feinstein Leigh Shaw-Taylor *Note: MHSC is the Maritime Historical Studies Centre, University of Hull 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 5
Mitchell mid 19th C 1980 AHEW c.1850-1914 New 15. Farm Incomes 1855-1980 16. Corn Trade GB (1697-1842) 17. Corn Trade UK (1792-1980) 18. Wheat imports UK (1828-1980) graphically only 19. Meat Imports (1840-1980) 20. Meat & butter exp (Rep 1924-80) not covered 21. Acreage enclosed England via Bellerby (in Vol. VI) more variety/fewer years rent (Clark, TBA) not annually Perren on frozen (Vol. VI omitted) Chapman et al add Wales 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 6
Brief Comparison with Vol. VI 1750-1850 In AHEW Vol. VI, not in Mitchell (or better than in..) Meat prices from Eton, Charterhouse, Smithfield, St Thom. Hospital (via Beveridge) Cheese & butter prices Greenwich Hosp., Navy, Lancs., Cheshire (via Beveridge) Sheep and cattle weights by breed 1750-1850 Better rye, beans, peas prices Regional markets for wheat, barley, oats, beans, peas & rye for up to 100 years 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 7
Continued..... Butter prices, Waterford 1779-1850 Potatoes prices 1771-1853 (Lancaster & Preston) Cider prices 1769-90 (Worcester), grass seed prices (1790-1814) Specialist trade - guano 1840s, clover seed 1750-1850, oil seed cake 1792-1850, hops back to 1750 Agriculturally wages regionally back to 1768 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 8
Unused/Recent/New Datasets (just a flavour) Tithe returns Kain Enclosure Kain/Chapman Rent TBA in AHEW Crop Yields TBA Prices new Irish prices Prices/wages new British prices Output economic growth Property counting legislation Bogart & Richardson (enclosures, (British Parl. Papers) roads, estates, drainage, canals) Note: Vol. VIII (1914-39) was not designed as a data source, there is instead H.F. Marks & D.K. Britton, A Hundred Years of British Food & Farming: A Statistical Survey (1989) Greg Clark, & revised TBA Solar/Kennedy Greg Clark (back to 13thC) Broadberry et al 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 9
And for non-agricultural sources (simply by knocking on the doors of local neighbours we can all do that) Insurance records Corporate Governance Slave Trade - Slave Voyages Data Seasonal Migration - Irish Diaspora - Irish, Scots, Jewish... European transmigration thru UK Fish & Whaling David Starkey (MHSC, HMAP)* (fish species, fishing grounds, ports of landing) Ship building *Note: WISE is the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery & Emancipation, MHSC as before, HMAP is History of Marine Animal Populations (Hull) Robin Pearson Pearson, Freeman &Taylor Richardson et al (WISE)* Evans (WISE)* Evans (WISE)* Evans (WISE)* Starkey, supplementing Mitchell 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 10
In conclusion While Agriculture looks pretty well covered by Mitchell there is so much more that has been added since it last appeared BHSP will take the statistical inquiry back to Domesday book But Agriculture is not everything We all have data that s what historians of all descriptions thrive on Knock on doors and see what our colleagues are doing Also, while we can plunder official sources We can also construct new datasets where the official sources are incomplete (before annual auditing kicked in during the 19th century) Or where they do not cover the nuances of time and place we can construct afresh............which perhaps is an appropriate message to end with 9/21/2024 Michael Turner 11
