A computer system is a programmable digital electronics device that processes data as per program instructions to provide meaningful output. It comprises hardware and software components, with hardware being the physical parts and software essential for driving the hardware. Computer organization fo

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Develop flows showing interaction between SMO modules in the context of open-source architecture using OSC, ONAP, and other code. The objective is to align open-source work with O-RAN trends, improve synergy, reduce duplication, and provide feedback to O-RAN discussions. Related work includes Decoup

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Delve into the internals of System Management RAM (SMRAM) in x86 architecture, exploring how the processor switches to SMRAM upon entering System Management Mode (SMM). Learn about SMBASE, the base address of SMRAM, and how the address space layout is defined. Discover how SMBASE and SMRAM are essen

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Explore advanced x86 BIOS security mechanisms like Global Flash Protection, Global BIOS Write Protection, and SMM-derived Write Protection to prevent unauthorized writing to the BIOS. Discover how BIOS vendors can enhance security configurations to thwart attackers effectively.

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In the electronic meeting of 3GPP TSG-RAN-WG4, discussions were held on the RF architecture and waveform assumptions for NR V2X intra-band operation in band n79. Various options and recommendations were presented regarding RF architecture, antenna architecture, and waveform definitions for efficient

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Intel Assembly Language is a low-level programming language designed for Intel 8086 processors and their successors. It features a CISC instruction set, special purpose registers, memory-register operations, and various addressing modes. The language employs mnemonics to represent instructions, with

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Memory virtualization in operating systems involves mapping guest addresses to host addresses with an added level of indirection managed by the hypervisor. Virtualization extensions in x86 processors enhance efficiency by allowing safe execution of guest code in Ring 0 through supervisor mode. The a

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Computer architecture and organization are fundamental aspects of computing systems. Computer architecture focuses on the functional design and implementation of various computer parts, while computer organization deals with how operational attributes come together to realize the architectural speci

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Anti-patterns in software architecture are commonly occurring solutions to problems that lead to negative consequences. These arise due to insufficient knowledge or experience, misuse of design patterns, and lack of attention to evolving project architecture. Examples include Jumble, Stovepipe, Spag

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This content delves into the intricacies of PCI Expansion ROMs (XROMs) in x86 systems. It covers the basics of XROMs, their execution during the boot process, configuration through Expansion ROM Base Address Register, and handling in PCI and PCIe devices. The role of BIOS in initializing XROMs and t

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Explore the internals of PCI/PCIe Expansion ROMs (XROMs) in x86 systems, examining their role as executable code located on PCI devices, handling by BIOS during boot, configuration via Expansion ROM Base Address Register, and differences on legacy versus modern systems.

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System Management Mode (SMM) is a highly privileged mode in x86 processors that provides an isolated environment for critical system operations like power management and hardware control. When the processor enters SMM, it suspends all other tasks and runs proprietary OEM code. Protecting SMM is cruc

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PowerPC is a RISC instruction set architecture developed by IBM in collaboration with Apple and Motorola in the early 1990s. It is based on IBM's POWER architecture, offering both 32-bit and 64-bit processors popular in embedded systems. The architecture emphasizes a reduced set of pipelined instruc

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Explore the key concepts of activation records and the stack in assembly programming, including their roles in function calls, memory management, and variable storage. Gain insights into the low-level layout of variables, call conventions in MIPS and x86, and practical examples illustrating stack op

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Client-server architecture is a computing model where a central server hosts and manages resources and services for client computers over a network. There are different types of clients and servers, each with unique characteristics and roles. This architecture offers various advantages and disadvant

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The similarity metric method for binary basic blocks is crucial in various applications like malware classification, vulnerability detection, and authorship analysis. This method involves two steps: sub-ldr operations and similarity score calculation. Different methods, both manual and automatic, ha

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Explore the internals of the Flash Descriptor in x86 systems, essential for BIOS and system management mode. Learn about SPI regions, determining SPI regions, flash protection mechanisms, and the structure of the Flash Descriptor for Intel systems. Complete with images and detailed explanations.

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Virtualization plays a crucial role in modern systems by improving portability, security, and efficient resource utilization. Historical uses, examples like IBM VM/370, and benefits in cloud environments are discussed. The working of virtualization, including naive software interpreters and protecte

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Explore the core concepts of operating systems, including kernel-userspace interactions, system calls, context switching, and virtual memory management. Delve into x86 assembly for system calls, hardware interrupts, and the flow of control during system call invocations. Gain insights into key compo

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In an ideal scenario, the digital architecture for children would encompass systems such as Enterprise Architecture, Functional Architecture, and Solution Architecture to support UNICEF's high-impact interventions. It would involve integrated platforms for Health Information Exchange, Supply Chain M

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This content covers the Bomb Lab exercise in x86-64 assembly code and GDB debugging techniques. It explains the purpose of Bomb Lab, downloading the bomb, detonating the bomb, hints for solving phases, and x86-64 Linux register usage. The material emphasizes the importance of using GDB for efficient

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In the Network Architecture Group led by Namseok Ko, significant progress has been made in defining the IMT-2020 architecture. The work has involved gap analysis, draft recommendations, and setting framework and requirements. Phase 1 focused on identifying 19 architectural gaps, such as demands for

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This content provides insights into x86-64 programming, covering topics such as procedures, integer registers, stack frames, locals in the red zone, interesting features of stack frames, arrays, multi-dimensional structures, and more. It dives into the usage conventions of integer registers, the all

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Proposed establishment of a Working Group by the CESG to develop a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) framework for space mission operations within the CCSDS. The focus includes identifying services, use cases, architecture definitions, and business cases to enhance CCSDS-wide interoperability and

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Y86 Instruction Set Architecture is a simplified pseudo-language based on x86 (IA-32) architecture. It involves implementing the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, where instructions are fetched from memory, decoded, and executed. The Y86 ISA offers a simpler set of instructions and formats compared to x86

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This paper explores how Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) can be integrated with the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture to facilitate the sharing of Summary Care Records between healthcare information systems. It highlights the benefits of a federated architecture based on SOA and coding standard

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Delve into the intricacies of SMI Suppression in x86 BIOS and System Management Mode internals, where SMI stands as a crucial defense mechanism to safeguard the BIOS flash from unauthorized modifications. Explore the impact of suppressing SMI generation and learn about the SMI_EN register's role in

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X86 processors have 256 software interrupts, functioning similarly to a CALL instruction. When an INT n instruction is executed, the processor follows a sequence involving pushing the flag register, clearing flags, finding the correct ISR address, and transferring CPU control. Special interrupts lik

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This article delves into the details of various flags in the X86 ISA architecture, such as CF (Carry Flag), PF (Parity Flag), AF (Auxiliary Flag), ZF (Zero Flag), SF (Sign Flag), TF (Trace Flag), IF (Interrupt Flag), DF (Direction Flag), OF (Overflow Flag), and IOPL (Input Output Privilege Level). T

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Delve into the world of modern architecture trends, focusing on Expressionist architecture in Europe during the early 20th century and the influential Bauhaus movement in Germany. Expressionist architecture emphasized emotional effects through distorted forms inspired by nature, while the Bauhaus sc

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This content showcases various aspects of 5G system architecture, including system handover, non-roaming architecture, service-based architecture, and user plane functionality. It delves into the control plane functions, user plane functions, and core network endpoints of the 5G network. The images

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Client/Server Computing architecture separates clients and servers over a network, allowing for file sharing, resource allocation, and service requests. Clients initiate services from servers, with transparent server locations and message-passing transactions. Systems with C/S architecture include f

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Explore the concepts of stack management, function invocation, and register usage in x86-64 architecture as taught in Carnegie Mellon's 15-213 recitation on Attack Lab. Learn about stack operations, caller vs. callee functions, and the conventions for using registers effectively. Gain insights into

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Delve into the concepts of memory hierarchy, cache optimizations, RISC architecture, and other architecture styles in embedded computer architecture. Learn about Accumulator and Stack architectures, their characteristics, advantages, and example code implementations. Explore the differences between

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Covering topics like Instruction-Set Architecture (ISA), 5-stage pipeline, and Pipelined instructions, this course delves into the intricacies of advanced computer architecture, with a focus on achieving high performance by optimizing data flow to execution units. The course provides insights into t

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Explore the basic architecture of a microprocessor, including CPU registers, memory locations, and instruction processing steps. Learn about Intel microprocessor components, addressing modes, and the operation of pipeline microprocessors. Understand the role of control units, ALU, and bus interfaces

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This presentation delves into the software architecture design and implementation of a Document Filter System (DFS) aimed at efficiently finding relevant information. It discusses the architecture's effectiveness in supporting diverse applications, multilingual document searching, complex query func

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This content describes the MOIMS Protocol Viewpoint inputs to the SEA Reference Architecture updates by Roger Thompson from ESA SAWG. It includes details about the graphical conventions, data store elements, organizational domains, network layers, communications protocols, and space communications c

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This document explores the use of hardware performance counters and cycle counting on x86 and ARM architectures for monitoring and analyzing system performance. It covers topics such as the utilization of hardware counters, cycle counting on x86 processors, and the ARM Performance Monitor Unit (PMU)

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Explore the concepts of RISC, CISC, and ISA variations in computer architecture. Dive into the differences between MIPS, ARM, X86, and other ISAs, focusing on load/store, arithmetic, control flow, and more. Gain insights into the evolution and variations of ISAs, and discover the alternatives beyond

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