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Understanding China's Economic Growth and Trade Policy Shifts

Explore the impact of China's growth trajectory, the China Shock phenomenon, and its entry into the WTO in 2001. Discover how economic policies and trade reforms contributed to China's export growth and overall economic development.

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Challenges of EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation in Public Procurement

The EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) imposes EU State aid rules on foreign vendors in EU Member States, creating disclosure requirements and review processes. This regulation poses administrative burdens and strategic challenges for vendors, particularly impacting EU-based vendors purchasing fr

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Understanding Termination of Obligations in Civil Law

Termination of obligations can occur voluntarily through legal agreements or involuntarily through factual occurrences. There are two main types of termination: by the will of the parties (such as legal transactions) and independently of the parties' will (due to certain legal facts). The cessation

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Understanding Export Policies in Economics

Explore the various types and reasons behind export policies, including bans, taxes, and subsidies. Delve into the economic analysis and empirics of export restrictions and recent uses in the global trade landscape. Discover the prevalence of export taxes and their concentration on specific products

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Sustainable Development as Fundamental Pillar of Global Economic Governance Reform

The need for reform in global economic governance is emphasized for achieving sustainable and shared growth. Key issues include debt burden reduction, sustainable finance increase, and international trade system improvement. International commitments on human rights and sustainable development are n

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WTO Ratifications and Notifications Update February 2020

The WTO Secretariat shared good news on the implementation of Trade Facilitation Agreement commitments by developing members. Significant progress was reported, with several countries achieving full implementation. Additionally, 18 LDC members have provided indicative dates for their commitments ahe

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WTO Ratifications and Notifications Update April 2021

Update from WTO Secretariat on ratifications, notifications, and deadlines. Information on ratifications and notifications status for various countries and entities, including the European Union. Details on upcoming notification deadlines for LDC members and notification requirements yet to be submi

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Overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization established in 1995 to regulate international trade among nations, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It deals with trade in goods, services, and intellectual property, aiming to create trade agreements

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Asia-Pacific Legal Metrology Forum (APLMF) Activities Report 2022

Asia-Pacific Legal Metrology Forum (APLMF) is focused on supporting the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) goals through the development of legal metrology and promotion of free trade. In 2022, APLMF activities are conducted using the Zoom platform, with a pilot eLearning module for Non-automa

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Enhancing TBT Compliance in New Zealand

New Zealand faces challenges in coordinating technical barriers to trade (TBT) obligations due to the absence of a formal structure. This overview highlights the country's regulatory context, population statistics, and strategies for meeting international TBT requirements. The TBT User Guide provide

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Understanding Anti-Dumping Measures in International Trade Law

Exploring the concept of unfair trade practices, particularly focusing on dumping in international trade, including its definition, calculation methods, and anti-dumping policies. The discussion delves into the legal framework provided by the WTO agreements and the implications of dumping on domesti

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Understanding Civil Aviation Safety Inspectors: Roles, Responsibilities, and Obligations

This chapter delves into the roles, responsibilities, and training needs of Civil Aviation Safety Inspectors (CASIs). It explores the importance of inspector training programs, State obligations to support an effective inspectorate, and the qualifications required for CASIs. The content emphasizes t

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Resource Capacity Accreditation in the Forward Capacity Market: Continued Discussion and Detailed Design

The Resource Capacity Accreditation (RCA) project by ISO-NE aims to enhance accreditation processes in the Forward Capacity Market (FCM) to support a reliable, clean-energy transition. This presentation focuses on seasonal components of Capacity Supply Obligations (CSO), Pay-for-Performance (PFP) ob

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Understanding GATT General Exceptions in WTO Law

Explore the intricacies of General Exceptions under the GATT framework, focusing on purpose, applicability, and relevant legal provisions. Delve into the two-tier test applied in WTO case law and the burden of proof considerations, with a specific case study on US Shrimp. Understand the nuances of A

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Compliance Obligations and PAN Requirements for Financial Transactions

This outreach program by the Directorate of Income Tax in Nagpur, in collaboration with the Nagpur Branch of WIRC of ICAI, focuses on effective compliance with Statement of Financial Transactions (SFT). It covers PAN compliance obligations, forms, and penalties for non-compliance related to specifie

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Gem and Jewellery Trade Update: Key Highlights April-November 2022

GJEPC's latest update reveals a 1.80% increase in gem and jewellery exports to US$26.47 billion from April to November 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The report also highlights positive growth in exports of polished lab-grown diamonds, coloured gemstones, and various jewellery types, with

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National Reporting Obligations 2021 IPPC Regional Workshop Overview

The National Reporting Obligations workshop focuses on the importance of implementing reporting obligations to control pests of plants and plant products globally. It covers general reviews, public obligations, bilateral obligations, and the role of IPPC contact points. The workshop emphasizes ensur

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The Boundaries of Investment Arbitration: Crossroads of Trade and Human Rights Law

This material delves into the overlapping realms of investment arbitration, trade law, and European human rights law in investor-state disputes. It examines the use of ECtHR and WTO references in arbitration rulings, the nuances of citation choices, the appeal of juridical rulings, and the comparati

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Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development in WTO Law

Efforts to align WTO rules with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have met limited success, with key issues like plastic pollution and clean energy facing disputes and challenges. The rise of China's New Three exports in clean energy has sparked tariff disputes. The role of the WTO Appellate Body

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Local Content Requirements in Oil & Gas Sectors: Comparative Analysis

This comprehensive analysis explores the impact of Local Content Requirements (LCRs) in the oil and gas sectors, focusing on models from Norway and Brazil. It discusses relevant WTO disputes, legislative policies, macroeconomic implications, and the inhibitory effects on competitiveness and foreign

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WTO TBT Agreement Jurisprudence: Understanding Article 2.1 and 2.12

The WTO TBT Agreement's Articles 2.1 and 2.12 focus on ensuring non-discriminatory treatment for imported products compared to domestic and other countries' products. Article 2.1 emphasizes the concept of "like products" and examines competitive relationships between them to determine if they receiv

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Overview of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement in WTO Law Class

The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement under WTO law addresses regulatory divergence costs on trade, covering information, specification, and conformity assessment for products and processes. It aims to harmonize technical regulations and standards while ensuring compliance without discrimi

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Overview of Anti-Money Laundering Obligations for Notaries in Ireland

The Faculty of Notaries Public in Ireland hosted a session on Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Unit (AMLCU), emphasizing obligations under the Criminal Justice Act. Established in 2010, AMLCU plays a vital role in combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The event highlighted risk assessm

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Understanding Essential Commodities Regulation & Enforcement Division

The Essential Commodities Regulation and Enforcement Division oversees the administration of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, and the Prevention of Black Marketing and Maintenance of Supply of Essential Commodities Act, 1980. The Acts aim to ensure the availability of essential commodities at fa

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Managing Unfair Trade Practices in Compliance with WTO

Unfair trade practices (UTP) encompass fraudulent, deceptive, or dishonest practices that are prohibited by law. The WTO provides remedies against UTP, allowing governments to address genuine harm to domestic industries. Kenya has taken steps to combat UTP by enacting the Trade Remedies Act and esta

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Challenges and Solutions in Trade Barriers in Central Asia

Understanding the significance of non-tariff barriers to trade in Central Asia, this presentation by Jonathon Hornbrook discusses the impact of Russia's WTO membership, WTO policies, and the challenges faced due to NTBs, EDB trade, TBTs, and NQI issues in the region. It highlights the importance of

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International Cooperation on Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms for Sustainable Development

Discussion on the importance of international cooperation in implementing carbon border adjustment mechanisms to address embedded emissions in global trade and promote sustainable development. The presentation highlights the need for multilateral collaboration, the role of WTO in climate and trade r

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Overview of WTO-Compliant Schemes for Textiles Sector

This presentation by Jayant Dasgupta, Executive Partner, discusses WTO-compliant schemes in the textiles sector, covering definitions of subsidies, permissible subsidies, prohibited subsidies, and the phase-out of export subsidies by developing countries. It also addresses the current status of Indi

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Understanding Tariffs, Anti-dumping Duties, and Trade Barriers

Explore the key concepts of tariffs, anti-dumping duties, and barriers to digital trade in this presentation by Craig R. Parsons from Yokohama National University. Learn about the types of tariffs, the role of the WTO, and how countries can impose trade barriers. Discover the impact on service expor

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The Role of Certification Unit in Trade Agreements & Certificates of Origin

The Trade Board Limited, a government agency, plays a crucial role in issuing Certificates of Origin and import/export licenses for Jamaican products. They ensure compliance with trade agreements, facilitate e-transactions, and promote secure frameworks. The mission is to enhance local and internati

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The Evolution of WTO Dispute Settlement System and Future of Global Trade

Explore the post-MC13 negotiation backdrop, challenges, and future developments in the WTO dispute settlement system. Delve into the historical progression of international adjudication, from consent to quasi-judicial processes, highlighting the potential for progress and the common challenges faced

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China in the World Economy: A Historical Overview and the Importance of GATT/WTO

Explore the evolution of China's economy from its period of isolation to becoming a pivotal player in the global trading system. Delve into key events such as Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms and China's admission to the GATT/WTO. Understand the significance of the GATT system and how it shaped inte

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Challenges at the Intersection of WTO Law and Climate Change Regulation

Unresolved issues in WTO law regarding climate change regulation include concerns about the consistency of climate measures, environmental subsidies, processing methods, and technical barriers to trade. Emerging climate change policies raise two main WTO concerns: subsidies discrimination and differ

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Understanding Non-Tariff Barriers in International Trade

Explore the types of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) such as quotas, Tariff-Rate Quotas (TRQs), Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs), and more. Learn about Administered Protection, Safeguards tariffs, Anti-dumping duties, Countervailing duties, and their implications on trade

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Legal Assessment of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

This legal assessment explores the feasibility of implementing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism under WTO agreements, focusing on topics such as adjustment on imports, rebates for exports, national treatment, non-discrimination, and environmental justifications. The analysis considers the potent

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Understanding Regionalism and the WTO: Political Economy Dynamics

The text explores the influence of politics on the GATT/WTO and the rise of mega-regionals, highlighting the shift towards regulatory trade policies. It delves into the origins of multilateralism, non-discrimination principles, and challenges in negotiating regional agreements within the GATT framew

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Regulations and Education Export to China: Insights and Guidelines

Understand the Chinese regulations governing education export, including international agreements, domestic laws, and WTO commitments. Learn about key regulations, international organizations' impact, and China's stance on education services within the WTO framework.

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Understanding Obligations and Expenditures in Grant Management

Explore the definition and characteristics of obligations in grant management, including the importance of tracking and managing funds responsibly to avoid overages. Learn how purchase orders create obligations and how to report expenditures effectively within the period of availability of funds.

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Regional Integration in WTO Law: Cases and Exceptions

This presentation delves into the intricacies of regional integration in the context of WTO law, exploring legal provisions such as Article XXIV of GATT 1994 and relevant case law. It examines exceptions, waivers, and derogations related to regional integration, along with the Regional Trade Excepti

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Bilateral Negotiations in WTO Accession Process Overview

Learn about the key stages and rules of bilateral negotiations in the WTO accession process. Understand the importance of multiple revisions, regional concessions, and internal organization in negotiating market access. Discover the complexities of tariff negotiations, types of tariffs, and the stra

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