Explore various physical and chemical methods used for gene transfer, including electroporation, particle bombardment, microinjection, ultrasound, and bacterial transformation. Learn how DNA enters the nucleus and the role of retroviruses in gene transfer efficiency. Understand the process of RNA co

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Biosensors are advanced analytical devices that convert biological responses into quantifiable signals, comprising bioreceptors and transducers. They play a crucial role in various fields, meeting specific requirements for accuracy, reproducibility, and ease of use. Different types of biosensors suc

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Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins, glycoproteins, and macromolecules that provide structural support, regulate cell activities, and play crucial roles in various tissues. It consists of two main types - interstitial matrix and basement membrane, each serving specific functi

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This tutorial explores acoustical transducers, focusing on microphones and loudspeakers. It covers transduction, principles of microphones and loudspeakers, as well as acoustics and psychoacoustics. Also discussed are the basics of sound, sound propagation, and the relationship between wavelength an

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Two-component regulatory systems play a crucial role in enabling bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to various environmental conditions. These systems involve signal transduction through histidine kinases, response regulators, and phosphorylation reactions, ultimately leading to the modulation of

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Exploring the functionality of LCR meters, transducers, and strain gauges in measuring electronic components and converting energy forms. Learn about power measurements in 3-phase circuits and the advantages of using LCR meters for accurate readings. Discover the concept of transduction and the appl

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Sensation and perception play crucial roles in how we experience the world around us. Sensation involves the detection of stimuli through sensory organs, while perception involves the interpretation of these stimuli in the brain. The process includes transduction, where physical energy is converted

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Explore the fascinating world of sensation and perception in psychology, where we delve into how our senses interact with stimuli to create our conscious experiences. Sensation involves the activation of our sense organs by external stimuli, while perception refers to the interpretation of those sti

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Signaling through Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) involves a series of steps starting from receptor activation to transcription factor activation, leading to the synthesis of desired proteins. The pathway can occur through MyD88-dependent or TRIF-dependent pathways, resulting in different downstream eff

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Explore the various types of reproduction in bacteria, including asexual reproduction through binary fission, as well as the intricate process of endospore formation for survival in harsh conditions. Discover how bacterial cells exchange genetic material in sexual reproduction through conjugation, t

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This course on Fundamentals of Plant Pathology, led by Mr. Vikash Kumar, covers essential topics such as disease identification, pathogen nature, disease management strategies, pathogen classification, and plant disease diagnosis. It delves into the reproduction and classification of plant pathogeni

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This presentation explores the transfer of foreign DNA into bacteria, discussing mechanisms such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation. It delves into the significance of Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) like plasmids, bacteriophages, and transposons in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis.

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Sound involves vibrations of air molecules, with sound waves being longitudinal and water waves transverse. The transduction of sound into mechanical energy in the ear allows us to hear and perceive frequency/pitch. Exploring the Doppler Effect enhances our understanding of how motion affects sound

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Lipids play a central role in signal molecule production for actively modifying the invasive capabilities of pathogens and the defensive mechanisms of plants during inter and intra-plant-pathogen interactions. They are essential constituents of membranes, providing structural support and serving div

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This lecture delves into the intricacies of photo transduction in vision, focusing on the functional properties of rods and cones in different lighting conditions, the convergence of visual pathways, phototransduction processes in light and dark, synaptic mediators in the retina, and more. Explore t

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Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) are vital cell surface receptors that regulate cellular processes such as growth and differentiation. They function through a mechanism that involves ligand binding, receptor dimerization, autophosphorylation, and signal transduction, leading to various cellular resp

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