Randomness - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Large Language Models (LLMs) like chatGPT are statistical pattern-recognition systems that predict the next word in a sequence based on the context. Trained on vast datasets, LLMs cluster words by understanding patterns, not true meaning. They use unsupervised learning and reinforcement to improve r

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Explore the process of modeling in Decision Support Systems for Business Intelligence through images, tables, and examples. Learn about the dimensionality of models, nonlinear relationships, randomness, and Monte Carlo analysis as essential components in business decision-making.

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Probability and randomness play crucial roles in various aspects of life. Randomness refers to uncertain individual outcomes with a regular distribution over a large number of repetitions. Probability models help describe chance behavior by defining sample spaces, assigning probabilities to outcomes

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Explore the fundamentals of queueing systems, including Little's law, impacts of randomness, and product-form solutions. Delve into the history of queueing theory and its applications in traffic control, planning, and facility dimensioning. Understand the classification and characteristics of simple

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Mutations are changes in the genetic material that can affect an organism's traits. This article explores gene mutations, their historical background, characteristics, kinds of mutations like spontaneous and induced, somatic and germinal mutations, and conditional lethal mutations. It also covers ge

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Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences are deterministic yet appear random, with applications in various fields such as communication security, control engineering, and system identification. Generated using shift registers, they exhibit statistical properties akin to noise. Linear and nonlinear feedback shift

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DRAM-based QUAC-TRNG provides high-throughput and low-latency true random number generation by utilizing commodity DRAM devices. By employing Quadruple Row Activation (QUAC), this method outperforms existing TRNGs, achieving a 15.08x improvement in throughput and passing all 15 NIST randomness tests

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Probability is used to measure the likelihood of events based on past experiences, with the mathematical expectation representing impossible or certain events in an experiment. It is calculated as the sum of all possible values from a random variable multiplied by their respective probabilities. The

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Explore the concepts of randomness, probability, and simulation in this informative lesson. Learn how to interpret probability as a long-run relative frequency, dispel common myths about randomness, and use simulation to model chance behavior. Delve into the idea that chance behavior is unpredictabl

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Explore genetic inheritance through traits, gene expression differences between males and females, and Punnett square analysis. Discover the randomness of genetics, sex-linked, sex-limited, and sex-influenced inheritance, along with practical examples in animal breeding. Delve into genotypic and phe

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Explore the world of randomized algorithms through types like Las Vegas and Monte Carlo, with a focus on classic examples such as Quick Sort. Learn how randomness plays a crucial role in computation and discover the principles behind these algorithms. Dive into the applications of randomized algorit

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Randomized algorithms incorporate randomness into computations, with Las Vegas algorithms always providing the correct answer but varying in time, while Monte Carlo algorithms occasionally give wrong answers. Quick Sort is a classic Las Vegas algorithm that involves pivoting elements for sorting. Ch

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This article provides a detailed exploration of whether roulette software can accurately predict outcomes in the game of roulette. It begins by explaining the randomness of roulette and the theoretical potential for physics-based prediction using var

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Engage students in a hands-on activity using paper rulers to differentiate between random and systematic errors in measurements. By measuring objects and analyzing errors, students learn how randomness and consistency impact data reliability.

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Delve into the realm of quantum money, computation, and cryptography, understanding the intricacies of semi-quantum money, consensus problems, post-quantum cryptography, and unique concepts like certifiable randomness and tokenized digital signatures.

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This content discusses the importance of checking residuals for white noise in ARMA models, including methods like sample autocorrelations, Ljung-Box test, and other tests for randomness. It also provides examples of examining residuals in ARMA modeling using simulated seasonal data and airline data

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Explore how to implement the GAISE guidelines for teaching introductory statistics in college, emphasizing statistical thinking, conceptual understanding, real data integration, active learning, technology use, and assessments for student improvement. The goal is to develop students as critical cons

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In this study by Uriel Feige and Roee David from the Weizmann Institute, the effect of randomness on planted 3-coloring models is investigated. The research delves into the NP-hard nature of 3-coloring problems, introducing a hosted coloring framework that involves choices like the host graph and th

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Dive into the world of randomness in repeated games through this insightful research by Moni Naor, Pavel Hubæk, and Jon Ullman. Discover the significance of randomness in algorithms, equilibria, and finitely repeated games. Explore the necessity of randomness in Nash Equilibrium and the computation

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This content discusses the concepts of leakage-resilient key exchange and seed extractors in cryptography, focusing on scenarios involving Alice, Bob, and Eve. It covers non-interactive key exchanges, passive adversaries, perfect randomness challenges, and leakage-resilient settings in symmetric-key

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Exploring the concepts of mergers, minimal entropy, statistical distance, and somewhere random sources in data analysis. Discover how convex combinations play a crucial role in extracting randomness from different sources for improved data processing.

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Explore the significance of randomness in various computational aspects including random sampling, cooking techniques, polling methods, investing strategies, and its role in computer science. It delves into randomized algorithms, Monte Carlo simulations, cryptography, and more.

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This presentation discusses the critical aspect of ensuring high-quality randomness in cryptographic key generation processes. It explores key vulnerabilities and common failure modes, emphasizing the importance of incorporating strong randomness. The content delves into various methods and issues r

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When faced with decisions involving randomness, it's crucial to understand that events of extremely small probability should not be the sole basis for choices. Examples like buying lottery tickets and assessing the risks of terrorist attacks highlight the importance of making informed decisions whil

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Market Participants face significant collateral requirements in auctions due to multiple bidding zone borders. Proposal to assign priority to bids for credit limit reasons aims to address randomness in bid rejection. Bid XSD is extended to include priority as a component, enhancing bid management ef

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This study focuses on robust device-independent randomness amplification with limited devices, emphasizing the importance of device independence in generating random outcomes free from external influences. Various sources of randomness, including Santha-Vazirani and Hmin types, and quantum mechanics

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Transitioning from sequential, deterministic reasoning, CS440 now delves into probabilistic reasoning and machine learning. The course covers key concepts in probability, motivates the use of probability in decision making under uncertainty, and discusses planning scenarios with probabilistic elemen

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Probability plays a crucial role in decision-making under uncertainty, where factors like laziness, ignorance, and randomness influence outcomes. This lecture covers key concepts in probability, including outcomes, events, random variables, and conditional independence. It also delves into the chall

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The poem "Auto Wreck" vividly describes the aftermath of a car crash, highlighting the chaotic scene and the emotional reactions of witnesses. It delves into the unsettling nature of death, contrasting the randomness of the crash with the more understandable forms of mortality like war, suicide, sti

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Explore two problems related to modeling randomness - one involving choosing random students to represent a homeroom and the other simulating a cereal company's prize distribution. Learn how random number tables can be used for fair selections and calculate the average number of cereal boxes a custo

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The research discusses advancements in authenticated garbling for achieving constant-round malicious secure 2PC using garbled circuits. It emphasizes the utilization of correlated randomness setup and efficient LPN-style assumptions to enhance communication efficiency significantly. Various techniqu

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Maximum Entropy modeling, also known as MaxEnt, is a technique that maximizes randomness by removing patterns in data. This method is widely used in environmental science to create models using covariates, occurrences, and probability density functions. The relationships between histograms and proba

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Exploring the concept of randomness in topology, this work delves into the fascinating realms of persistence diagrams, Euler characteristics, and Möbius inversion. Jointly presented with Amit Patel, the study uncovers the vast generalization of Möbius inversion as a principle of inclusion-exclusio

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Probability plays a crucial role in studying randomness and uncertainty in information theory and coding. This content delves into concepts like sample space, events, and characteristics of probability using examples such as coin tossing and die experiments. Learn how to calculate probabilities for

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Time Series Analysis is a powerful methodology used for forecasting based on past values of a variable. This analysis involves steps such as identifying patterns, testing for stationarity, selecting lag values, and estimating models. Various assumptions need to be met, including randomness, stationa

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Explore the concept of interactive protocols in Arthur-Merlin games for determining graph nonisomorphism. Arthur, a powerless knight, seeks to trust Merlin's advice but Merlin, all-powerful yet untrustworthy, must find ways to convince Arthur. Utilizing randomness, the games delve into graph isomorp

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This research explores Quantum Distributed Computing protocols for tasks like leader election, Byzantine agreement, and more. It introduces Quantum dMA protocols for verifying equality of replicated data on a network without shared randomness. The study discusses the need for efficient protocols wit

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Delve into the realm of randomness in computation as discussed by prominent researchers including Moni Naor, Ran Raz, Luca Trevisan, Salil Vadhan, Avi Wigderson, and Omer Reingold. Uncover the significance of randomness in various facets of computing such as distributed computing, cryptography, comm

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The presentation discusses communication complexity in Byzantine Agreement, emphasizing a lower bound of (f/2) when After the Fact removal is considered. It explores two major contributions - the communication lower bound in randomized protocols and near-optimal subquadratic Byzantine Agreement. The

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A concise guide to understanding the fundamentals of slot machine design, including the role of randomness, crafting rewarding experiences, and adhering to industry regulations.

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