Key insights from WHO's guideline on managing wasting and malnutrition in children under 5. Covers assessment, care for infants and mothers, and treatment strategies for different malnutrition levels

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Cows Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) in infants can present various symptoms and challenges. This guide covers the diagnosis, symptoms, weaning strategies, reintroduction of dairy, alternative products, and meeting nutritional needs. Learn to differentiate between CMPA and lactose intolerance for proper

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Children's health in Northern Ireland showed various trends in 2021/22, including a high rate of infants born by Caesarean section, percentages of pre-term births, multiple births, infants breastfed, low and high birth weights, and overweight and obese children. Mothers' summary in 2020/21 indicated

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Understanding the causes, identifying the symptoms, and analyzing available therapies are important for managing this difficult reproductive health issue effectively. Reasons for Premature Ovarian Failure include various elements, including genetic abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy,

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Newborn screening is a screening program for infants under which pre-symptomatic congenital conditions are detected so that treatment can be commenced as soon as possible to prevent or reduce the long-term consequences of the disease. These programs are usually run by the national or state governing

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Welcome to the exciting journey of Junior Infants! Get essential tips on preparing your child for school, including advice on school uniform, lunchtime, and the curriculum. Discover how to support your child's early education effectively.

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This paper explores guidelines for prescribing spectacles to infants and children, focusing on considerations such as refractive errors, normal visual development, and the impact of spectacles on visual function and emmetropisation. It discusses refractive errors and astigmatism prevalence from birt

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This content provides a comprehensive guide for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents based on Bright Futures guidelines. It includes priorities and screening tables for various visits from newborn to 9 months, offering valuable insights into the developmental stages and health mo

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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a significant concern in pediatric patients due to their increased risk compared to adults. This presentation by Dr. Jeannette Kierce covers the pathophysiology, risk factors, prophylaxis, and rescue treatments for PONV in infants and children, emphasizing

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Hypotonia, which is reduced muscle tone, can present challenges in infants affecting their motor skills and posture. This article explores the definitions, physiology, differences in central and peripheral causes, evaluation methods, and management options for hypotonia. It discusses relevant termin

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Explore the evolution and rationale behind preoperative fasting guidelines in infants and children, including historical cases of aspiration during anesthesia. Learn about Mendelson Syndrome, recommendations for aspiration prevention, and the development of NPO orders over the years. Discover the im

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Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a condition resulting from retrogeniculate brain damage that affects visual processing in infants. Commonly observed in premature infants, CVI can manifest as atypical behaviors like staring at lights, optic atrophy, and nystagmus. The causes range from structural

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Hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Botswana faces challenges like poor documentation and premature infants not receiving the birth dose. Opportunities for improvement include enhancing data collection, evaluating the immunization program, and strengthening perinatal committees for quality care.

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This resource provides a comprehensive toolkit developed by the British Association of Perinatal Medicine in collaboration with the National Neonatal Audit Programme to assist clinicians in neonatal units in delivering normothermia to very preterm infants. It includes evidence-based interventions, d

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Gain insights on frequently used medications in the perioperative period for infants and children, including anesthesia medications. Explore pharmacokinetics, drug distribution in neonates, and the effects of common anesthesia agents on pediatric patients. Understand how immature kidney or liver fun

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Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS) is a rare but life-threatening condition primarily caused by Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or Escherichia coli. Recognizing risk factors such as maternal age, intrapartum fever, GBS colonization, and certain neonatal characteristics is crucial for timely evaluation an

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Gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are common issues in infants, often causing distress to parents. While most cases resolve by one year of age, some children are at higher risk due to various factors. It is important to watch for red flags and seek pediatric ad

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Welcome to the exciting journey of your child's formal education as they start Junior Infants. This guide provides essential information on school preparation, uniform, school routines, curricular activities, and the Aistear curriculum framework. Learn practical tips to support your child's learning

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Explore the complexities of managing pain in infants and children, including defining pain, classifying different types of pain, understanding pain assessment tools, identifying medication classes for treatment, and recognizing special considerations. Discover insights on acute and chronic pain, neu

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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been studied in infants after Stage I palliation surgery to assess its association with low cardiac output and adverse outcomes. This retrospective study investigated postoperative cerebral and renal NIRS values in infants with single ventricle physiology. Resul

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Understanding the importance of early diagnosis in HIV-infected infants and children is crucial for timely intervention and improved health outcomes. This session covers testing algorithms, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, viral load monitoring, and legal issues related to HIV testing in childr

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe condition affecting premature and low birth weight infants, characterized by high mortality rates and long-term complications. The disease poses challenges in defining risk factors and treatment strategies, with considerable emphasis on prevention. Diagnos

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This study compares the effectiveness of head ultrasounds and brain MRIs in detecting low-grade hemorrhages in preterm infants. It discusses the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight infants, classification of IVH, risk factors for IVH, outcomes related to IVH grade

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At birth, infants cannot comprehend or produce speech, but by the age of 4, they have acquired vocabulary and grammatical rules to form various sentence structures. From vocalization to babbling and then to speech, infants progress through distinct stages in language development. Understanding how i

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Premature babies are at higher risk of complications due to their physiological vulnerabilities. They require specialized care to maintain body temperature, assist ventilation, manage oxygen levels, and minimize the chances of lung and brain injuries. Learn why preemies face increased risks and disc

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Our Buist Sewing Club, inspired by the unity during the Bosnian War, creates weighted bibs for infants at MUSC Children's Hospital. These bibs provide comfort and aid in circulation post-surgery, benefitting over 137,000 children annually. Through our diverse group, we aim to make a positive impact

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Induction of labor is the artificial initiation of the labor process before it begins naturally. This procedure is performed in cases such as premature rupture of membranes, prolonged pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, and maternal medical conditions like diabetes or c

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This comprehensive guide outlines the various stages of child development from infancy to toddlerhood. It covers the physical, cognitive, and social milestones that infants and toddlers reach, including milestones such as grasping reflexes, babbling, crawling, and self-feeding. The content highlight

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Human development during infancy involves significant physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth. This module explores the physical growth patterns, brain development, motor skills, perceptual abilities, and nutritional needs of infants. It also discusses the impact of breastfeeding, sleep co

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Studying infants with cystic fibrosis exposed to secondhand smoke revealed that those in smoke-free homes experienced better growth and lower risk of bacterial infections compared to those with smoking parents. Creating a quit plan for smokers is essential to improve health outcomes and prevent rela

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Improved survival rates of small babies highlight the importance of nutrition for LBW infants. Research into feeding practices in LMICs is crucial for promoting growth and development. Studies compare formula milk to human milk, exploring effects on growth, development, morbidity, and mortality. Evi

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Breast milk and iron-fortified infant formula are recommended for infants to meet their nutritional needs and support optimal development. Breast milk offers numerous health benefits, protecting infants from illnesses and reducing the risk of obesity. Iron-fortified formula is a suitable alternative

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Safeguarding infants from emotional maltreatment is crucial during the first two years of life. Emotional abuse, though not always accompanied by physical or sexual abuse, can have severe impacts on a child's development. The paper explores the structure, prevalence, and impact of emotional abuse on

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Issues highlighted in the premature draft plan of subdivision and zoning amendment include the lack of an official plan amendment, incomplete environmental impact study, concerns about zoning changes, stormwater management, existing structures on the property, parking deficiencies, and parkland dedi

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Craniosynostosis is a pathological condition resulting from premature fusion of cranial sutures, leading to deformities in the cranial vault and base. It affects skull growth and brain development, with closure of sutures and fontanelles occurring by adulthood. Historical insights by Otto and Vircho

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This curriculum module focuses on the care of late preterm infants in Level II NICU settings, covering topics such as respiratory management, feeding difficulties, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia, and discharge planning. It includes learning objectives, nursery care levels, phy

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Breast milk powder provides adequate protein for infants, while cow and human milk have varying qualities. Essential fatty acids are crucial for skin integrity and growth, and infants may need iron supplementation if formula-fed. Pregnancy nutrition is vital for fetal development, with deficiencies

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Pierre Robin Syndrome (PRS) presents challenges in paediatric anaesthesia, especially in infants undergoing procedures like cleft lip repair. PRS is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory distress. Other syndromes associated with cleft lip include Treacher Collins syndrome, Gol

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Infant incubators play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy environment for newborn babies, especially premature or sick full-term infants. These devices control temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels to create a neutral environment that supports optimal growth and development. This article cov

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Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition affecting mainly premature infants, with unknown exact causes but potential risk factors like impaired mucosal barrier and feeding issues. Clinical manifestations include feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, and blood in stools. Diagnosis

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