Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), a condition caused by reduced blood flow in the legs or arms. Understand the symptoms, signs, importance of early detection, and who is at risk. Find out about the tests for PAD.

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Liver is the largest gland in our body, and an important metabolic organ which carries out many essential biological functions. The liver is a wedge-shaped, reddish-brown in color with two lobes of different size and shape. The approximate weight of a human liver is 1.5 kilograms. It is in the upper

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The natural history of disease development outlines the progression of a disease in an individual without intervention, from exposure to outcome. Learning objectives include defining prevention terms, understanding disease severity, prevention levels, and intervention measures. Studying disease prog

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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is a surgical procedure where a blood vessel from another part of the body is grafted onto an occluded coronary artery to bypass blockages. This procedure is less common in women compared to men and is typically indicated for severe coronary artery disease. It is

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Explore the anatomy of the anterior compartment of the leg and foot, focusing on structures like the anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve, and dorsalis pedis artery. Learn about their origin, course, relations, and branches, as well as conditions like foot drop and fresher's syndrome. The pre

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Cell membranes consist of phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins, including integral and peripheral proteins. Integral proteins span the membrane, while peripheral proteins interact with the surface. Only non-polar molecules can pass through the membrane directly, while charged ions, polar mol

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Expert consensus statements provide guidance on utilizing ultrasound guidance for arterial access, preferring radial over ulnar artery access, and the utility of non-invasive collateral flow assessment. Recommendations include administering heparin post-sheath placement and using low-profile sheaths

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Explore the critical roles of the aorta, pulmonary artery, and coronary arteries in heart function. Discover the impact of a blocked coronary artery and learn about treatments for coronary heart disease. Delve into common heart problems, like leaky valves and irregular heartbeat, and how innovations

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In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease, this study aims to compare fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI with angiography-guided PCI for non-infarct-related artery lesions. The hypothesis is that selective PCI guided by FFR is superior to routin

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Learn about computer peripheral devices, which enhance a computer system's functionality. Examples include mice, keyboards, monitors, printers, and scanners. These devices can be categorized into input, output, and storage devices, each serving a specific purpose to expand the capabilities of your c

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In this detailed presentation by Dr. Sushma Tomar, Associate Professor of Anatomy, the intrinsic muscles of the tongue are explored, along with their functions, arterial and venous supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply. The lecture covers the four intrinsic muscles in each half of the tongue,

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The study analyzed transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of International Space Station crew members. Blood samples were collected before and after spaceflight, and differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA-seq analysis. Several genes, including CDKN1A (p21) and

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Cyanosis is characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased levels of reduced hemoglobin. This condition can be categorized as central or peripheral cyanosis, each with distinct characteristics and causes. Central cyanosis results from decreased oxygen satur

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The provided guidelines outline the standard care pathway for assessing peripheral lesions in lung cancer patients based on staging CT findings. It includes recommendations for biopsy methods, fitness assessment, PET-CT imaging, and considerations for treatment decisions. The protocol emphasizes tai

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ACST-2 is a randomized trial comparing carotid artery stenting (CAS) versus carotid artery surgery (CEA) in asymptomatic patients with severe carotid stenosis. The trial, published in The Lancet in August 2021, involved 3625 patients. While surgery has been shown to reduce stroke rates, modern medic

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Assessing patients with peripheral lesion on staging CT with normal hilar and mediastinal findings. Further investigation with contrast-enhanced CT is recommended for fitness evaluation and treatment planning. Biopsy methods, diagnostic criteria, and considerations for nodules and nodal staging are

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Explore the intricate details of coronary artery anatomy with a focus on the right and left coronary arteries, as well as variations such as large right dominance, small right dominance, co-dominance, and left dominance. Learn about the importance of understanding these structures in relation to car

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This informative content details the histo-anatomy of blood vessels, pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, peripheral ischemia, and carotid artery disease. It covers the definition, risk factors, and processes involved in atherosclerosis, including endothelial cell function, blood flow dynamics, and f

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Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) refers to the narrowing of blood vessels outside the heart and brain, leading to reduced blood flow. This condition can result from atherosclerosis, inflammation, embolism, or thrombus formation. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies

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Patients with coronary artery disease should be screened for peripheral vascular disease as it is a frequent integrator of global cardiovascular risk. The association of atherosclerosis in various arterial diseases highlights the importance of identifying multisite artery disease. The prevalence and

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The data report examines the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in adult End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients in 2016 by treatment modality and age. It includes information on various cardiovascular conditions such as atrial fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, a

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The Human Disease Symptom Network (HSDN) is constructed using a large-scale medical bibliographic records database to form a network of human diseases based on symptom similarities. By integrating disease-gene associations and protein-protein interaction data, correlations between symptom similarity

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Dr. Suneesh K., a Senior Resident in the Dept. of Cardiology at Calicut Medical College, delves into the crucial role of ECG analysis in identifying the culprit artery during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This presentation covers coronary circulation, blood supply of the heart, prevale

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The study delves into verbal mismatch and phonological identity in peripheral ellipsis, covering topics such as syntactic mismatches, peripheral ellipsis and mismatch, and stricter identity requirements in peripheral ellipsis compared to other types of ellipsis. Various examples and analyses are pre

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Peripheral nerves play a vital role in connecting the central nervous system to various parts of the body. Injuries to these nerves can result from different causes, leading to significant challenges. Early intervention is crucial in preventing irreversible damage and improving outcomes. The process

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The equine stomach is relatively small compared to the horse's body size, with distinct regions such as the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric region. It is located on the left side of the abdomen, under the ribs. The stomach's blood supply includes branches from the aorta, splenic artery, and hepati

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View detailed radiology imaging of the esophagus and stomach conducted by Dr. A. Alhawas, showcasing various anatomical structures such as the splenic artery, abdominal aorta, common hepatic artery, and more. Explore pathologically changed layers in pyloric stenosis, arterial blood supply to the pyl

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Division of Endovascular Interventions at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, treated a 71-year-old female patient with bilateral lower extremity claudication using endovascular procedures. The patient had a history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, with peripheral artery disease a

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Pharmacodynamic effects of switching P2Y12 inhibitors from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in coronary artery disease patients were investigated in the SWAP-4 study. De-escalation between these agents is common for various reasons. The study assessed the impact of clopidogrel loading dose, maintenance dos

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Central vs peripheral blood pressure differences have clinical implications as systolic pressure amplification occurs due to changes in arterial stiffness moving away from the heart. Central pressure measurements, more closely related to cardiovascular events, provide valuable insights for assessing

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Heart disease, a prevalent health issue in the United States, encompasses various cardiovascular conditions like coronary artery disease and hypertension. It is a leading cause of death, often resulting from conditions that can lead to heart attacks or failure. Symptoms of heart conditions vary, fro

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Joseph M. Griffin, MD, RVT, a clinical instructor and assistant professor in surgery, presents cases involving vascular lesions, patient characteristics, and treatment approaches. Cases include individuals with peripheral artery occlusions, comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, and unsucc

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A 61-year-old male with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease presented with abnormal body movements suggestive of seizures. Following admission and neurology evaluation, a radial artery pseudoaneurysm was incidentally discovered. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA

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Fabry's disease is a rare X-linked lipid storage disorder characterized by deficient lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A activity. This condition primarily affects males, leading to chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease. Kidney involvement is a critical aspect, and high doses

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Explore the key concepts related to arteries, including their definition, anastomosis, end arteries, aorta divisions, and major artery distribution in the body. Learn about the general principles of arteries and their role in blood circulation, emphasizing the importance of anastomoses. Dive into th

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This update highlights best practices for transradial angiography and intervention, including topics such as ultrasound guidance for transradial access, ulnar artery access recommendations, and future study opportunities. The importance of developing proficiency with ultrasound guidance, utilizing r

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Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or heart bypass surgery, is a major heart surgery performed by an expert cardiovascular thoracic surgeon to improve blood flow to the heart. It is a treatment for coronary artery disease. Coronary Artery disease

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive process triggered by an inflammatory response, often aggravated by hypertension. Conditions like claudication and critical limb ischemia are indications of inadequate blood flow, posing risks of rest pain and ischemic ulcers. Recognizing symptoms like pain, numbness,

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Primary PCI is the preferred method for STEMI patients, but treating multivessel coronary artery disease remains a challenge. The COMPLETE trial compared complete revascularization with culprit-only revascularization in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease. The trial included over 4,000 patie

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This comprehensive update discusses recent findings and ongoing studies related to carotid artery disease treatment options, particularly focusing on revascularization procedures in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Key trials like ECST-2, ACTRIS, EVA-3S, SPACE, ICSS, CREST, and more are highli

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