P2y12 inhibitors - PowerPoint PPT Presentation


SGLT-2 inhibitors and AKI

Consultant Nephrologist Paraskevi Liaveri discusses the association between SGLT-2 inhibitors and acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacovigilance reports highlight a higher risk of AKI with these drugs, especially when combined with RAAS blockers, diuretics, or NSAIDs. Studies suggest potential mechani

0 views • 49 slides


Understanding Peptic Ulcer Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves ulcerations in the duodenal or gastric mucosa caused by factors like Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. Symptoms include abdominal pain and nausea, and treatment often involves H. pylori eradication and proton pump inhibitors to prevent complications lik

1 views • 77 slides



DEVELOPMENT OF INTERATRIAL AND INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

Human heart development begins in the 3rd week of gestation with the formation of heart tubes that eventually differentiate into various cardiac structures. The heart undergoes folding and septation processes during development, leading to the formation of crucial septa. Molecular regulation, involv

3 views • 62 slides


HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUGS

Major lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides play essential roles in the body, but their excess can lead to hyperlipidemia and related conditions. This overview covers the biosynthesis of cholesterol, triglycerides, and the transport of lipids in the bloodstream, discussing the importance of lipo

1 views • 30 slides


Regulation of Energy Homeostasis by AMPK System and Its Modulation Factors

The AMPK system plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis by sensing the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and responding to metabolic stresses that affect ATP production or consumption. AMPK is activated by factors such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as by compo

0 views • 27 slides


Understanding COX Enzymes and Their Impact on Pain and Inflammation

COX enzymes, including COX1, COX2, and COX3, play a crucial role in synthesizing prostanoids like prostaglandins in the body, affecting pain and inflammation. By inhibiting these enzymes, relief from pain and inflammation can be achieved. However, non-selective COX inhibitors may lead to various sid

0 views • 21 slides


Drugs for Hyperlipidemia Summary and Quiz MCQs

This presentation covers drugs for hyperlipidemia, including bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, statins, fibrates, and relevant drug interactions. It details the actions, adverse effects, contraindications, and notable considerations for each drug class. The included multiple

0 views • 6 slides


Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity and Catalysis

Enzyme activity is influenced by various factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors, activators, and physical agents. The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is directly proportional to enzyme concentration, and temperature plays a significant role with

0 views • 23 slides


Corrosion Prevention Methods in Chemical Engineering

Define oxidation, reduction, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, and corrosion in the context of chemical engineering. Discuss different forms of corrosion, including uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion. Explore m

0 views • 20 slides


Overview of Antihypertensive Agents and their Mechanisms of Action

Explore the classification of antihypertensive agents used in treating hypertension, including beta blockers, centrally acting agents, ganglionic blockers, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, and more. Learn about the Renin-Angiotensin System, ACE inhibitors, and specific drugs like Captopril and Benazepr

0 views • 9 slides


Understanding Plant Growth Regulators: Phytohormones and Their Functions

Plant growth regulators, also known as phytohormones, are organic compounds produced naturally in plants to control growth and physiological functions. They include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, growth regulators, and inhibitors. Auxins, for example, promote growth along the plant's lo

2 views • 28 slides


Innovations in Pet Food Ingredients Focus on Enhanced Palatability

Pet Food Ingredients Market By Pet (Dog, Cat, Fish, and Others), By Ingredients (Specialty Proteins, Amino Acids, Mold Inhibitors, Gut Health Ingredients, Phosphates, Vitamins, Acidifiers, Carotenoids, Enzymes, Mycotoxin Detoxifiers, Flavors & Sweete

1 views • 4 slides


Understanding Lubricants in Engineering Chemistry

Lubricants are substances introduced between moving surfaces to reduce friction, heat generation, and wear and tear of machine parts. They act as thermal barriers, coolants, seals, and corrosion inhibitors. Good lubricating oils have high boiling points, adequate viscosity, and non-corrosive propert

1 views • 25 slides


Pharmacological Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Enhancers

Cognitive enhancers play a crucial role in managing Alzheimer's Disease, with Cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) like Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine recommended for mild to moderate AD, and Memantine for moderate to severe cases. These medications act through different mechanisms, with AChE

0 views • 46 slides


Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity and Kinetics Experiments

Explore the factors influencing enzyme activity, such as substrate and enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors. Learn how to simulate enzyme kinetics using equipment like popping beads and stopwatches. Analyze results to understand the impact of substrate concentration on reaction rate

0 views • 22 slides


Understanding Antiviral Chemotherapy: Importance and Types

Antiviral chemotherapy plays a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections, especially when public health measures and vaccines are not sufficient. This form of treatment has been successful in combating diseases like HIV by inhibiting viral replication and targeting specific functions

1 views • 34 slides


Advances in Antimicrobial Drugs: Selective Toxicity and Classification

The development of antimicrobial drugs has significantly improved therapeutics by controlling infections and preventing complications. These drugs target invading microorganisms using selective toxicity, sparing host cells. Antimicrobial drugs are classified based on site, mechanism of action, and c

0 views • 30 slides


Understanding Cholinergic Neurons and Agonists in Pharmacology

Cholinergic neurons play a vital role in neurotransmission by utilizing acetylcholine (ACh) as a neurotransmitter. This neurotransmission involves steps like synthesis, storage in vesicles, release, receptor binding, degradation, and recycling of choline and acetate. Choline acetyltransferase cataly

0 views • 30 slides


Understanding Enzyme Inhibition in Biochemistry

Enzyme inhibition plays a crucial role in pharmacology and biochemistry by regulating enzymatic reactions. Inhibitors can be reversible or irreversible, affecting enzyme activity differently. Competitive, uncompetitive, and noncompetitive inhibition types are explained along with examples like diiso

0 views • 20 slides


Role of Nitric Oxide in the Body: Functions, Formation, and Clinical Aspects

Nitric oxide (NO), a vital molecule formed from arginine, plays diverse roles in the body including vasodilation, neurotransmission, platelet regulation, and immune response. Its formation involves a complex enzyme called nitrogen oxide synthase. Various inhibitors and clinical implications, such as

0 views • 19 slides


DAPA-HF Trial: Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure Patients without Diabetes

The DAPA-HF trial investigated the use of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, regardless of diabetes status. Funded by AstraZeneca, the study enrolled 4,744 patients from 20 countries, showing promising results in reducing cardiovascular d

3 views • 22 slides


Understanding Enzyme Inhibition in Acid Phosphatase Kinetics

In this experiment, the effect of inhibitors on enzymatic reactions, specifically acid phosphatase, is explored. Different types of inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive) are examined, along with reversible and irreversible inhibitors. The study aims to determine the type of inhibit

1 views • 17 slides


Examining Medication Persistence Methods and Outcomes in Patients Post MI

Understanding medication persistence post myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. The ARTEMIS trial explored variation in P2Y12 inhibitor persistence rates using multiple measurement methods. This study design involved over 11,000 MI patients across 301 US hospitals, w

5 views • 12 slides


Understanding Stress Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion Fatigue in Materials Engineering

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a type of corrosion where the metal gets cracked due to the presence of a corrosion medium and tensile stress conditions. Factors influencing SCC include environmental composition, stress, metal composition, and temperature. Prevention methods involve selecting sui

0 views • 12 slides


Analysis of Atopic Eczema in Children: A National Clinical Audit Program

The British Association of Dermatologists conducted a national clinical audit program in 2015 to evaluate atopic eczema in children based on NICE guidelines. The audit included contributions from BAD and BSPD members, as well as private providers. It involved 128 submissions from 98 centers, with 12

2 views • 18 slides


Pharmacotherapy for Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review

In heart failure management, drugs play a crucial role in reducing preload and afterload, increasing cardiac contractility, and improving overall outcomes. Common drug classes include diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, and vasodilators. These medications help al

0 views • 8 slides


Antibiotic Prescribing Impact on Clostridium Difficile Risk in Patients on Protein Pump Inhibitors

Antibiotic prescribing in patients on protein pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection. A review was conducted on high-risk antibiotic prescriptions, revealing instances where patients were prescribed against guidelines, leading to potential comp

0 views • 5 slides


Understanding Antipsychotics and Antidepressants in Veterinary Pharmacology

Antipsychotics and antidepressants play crucial roles in treating psychological and affective disorders in veterinary medicine. Antidepressants are vital in managing abnormal mood and behavior linked to depression, while antipsychotics help address various nervous disorders. The classification of an

0 views • 11 slides


Optimizing Foundational Treatments for HFrEF: Guideline Recommendations and Implementation Strategies

Highlighting the current guideline recommendations for treating patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), this educational slide module emphasizes the importance of implementing the recommended therapies effectively. It covers the foundational treatments recommended by vari

0 views • 28 slides


Understanding Dormancy in Plants: Causes and Implications

Dormancy in plants, involving seeds and buds, is a state where growth is temporarily halted due to internal or external factors. Factors like immature embryos, impermeable seed coats, and growth inhibitors contribute to seed dormancy. The presence of inhibitors like abscisic acid and the influence o

0 views • 43 slides


Pharmacotherapy Overview of Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders

Overview of pharmacological treatment options for Parkinson's disease and related conditions like choreatic dyskinesias, spastic disorders, and myasthenia gravis. Describes the degenerative process of Parkinson's disease, its symptoms, and the pharmacological interventions targeting dopamine deficit

0 views • 26 slides


Pharmacodynamic Effects of Switching from Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: SWAP-4 Study

Pharmacodynamic effects of switching P2Y12 inhibitors from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in coronary artery disease patients were investigated in the SWAP-4 study. De-escalation between these agents is common for various reasons. The study assessed the impact of clopidogrel loading dose, maintenance dos

0 views • 11 slides


Exploring the Diverse Applications of PDE-5 Inhibitors Beyond Erectile Dysfunction

Discover how PDE-5 inhibitors go beyond treating erectile dysfunction, with approved and emerging compounds, alternative dose regimens, concentration sites, and potential targets like cardiovascular diseases and the central nervous system.

0 views • 47 slides


mTOR Inhibitors in Liver Transplantation for HCC: Recent Updates and Clinical Trials

Exploring the use of mTOR inhibitors in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this content presents recent study results and experiences from the Korean population. It discusses the preventive potential of mTOR inhibitors in HCC recurrence based on previous studies and the need f

0 views • 32 slides


Guideline Recommendations for SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure

This educational slide module provides an overview of the guideline recommendations for SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure, including HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. It covers recommendations from AHA, ACC, HFSA, ESC, CCS, and CHFS guidelines, highlighting the role of SGLT2 inhibitors as a

0 views • 28 slides


Understanding Antifungal Inhibitors and Drugs

In this detailed overview, we explore antifungal inhibitors and drugs, including their mechanisms of action, impact on eukaryotes and prokaryotes, common agents affecting fungal sterols and cell walls, as well as synthetic antifungals. From polyenes like nystatin to azoles such as voriconazole, this

0 views • 12 slides


Understanding Enzyme Regulation and Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Organisms carefully control enzyme production and activation as per varying needs and conditions within cells. Enzyme activity is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, regulatory molecules, cofactors, compartmentalization, covalent modification, and feedback inhibition. Enzymes can be regul

0 views • 20 slides


Comparison of Protease Inhibitors in ARTEMIS Study

This study compares the efficacy and safety of different protease inhibitors (PIs) including ATV, ATV/r, LPV/r, FPV/r, DRV/r, and SQV/r in HIV treatment. The ARTEMIS study specifically focuses on comparing DRV/r and LPV/r in combination with TDF/FTC in ARV-naive patients. Results show non-inferiorit

0 views • 12 slides


Therapies and Strategies for ER-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

Explore the selection and sequence of therapy for ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, along with novel agents and strategies under evaluation. Learn about cases of postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and the impact of targeted therapies on patient

0 views • 23 slides


Understanding PCSK9 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Health

PCSK9 inhibitors are a novel class of medications that help lower LDL cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. This article covers their mechanism of action, patient groups benefiting from them, efficacy in LDL-C lowering, and safety considerations. Learn how PCSK9 inhibitors

0 views • 8 slides