Disorders of the lacrimal system can lead to chronic symptoms affecting the eyes, causing discomfort and vision problems. Common abnormalities include dry eye, which can result from tear flow and evaporation issues. Aqueous-deficient dry eye, often associated with Sjögren's syndrome, is characteriz

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Pharmacokinetics, as explained in a lecture by Oula Mohammed Sami, M.B.Ch.B/MSc in clinical pharmacology, delves into how the body processes drugs, contrasting with pharmacodynamics which focuses on drug actions. Key topics covered include properties influencing treatment outcomes, the significance

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Explore the intricate world of ocular proton therapy treatment planning with Dr. Linda Mortimer, PhD. Discover the fundamental elements of an ocular treatment plan, main goals of treatment planning, an overview of dedicated ocular Treatment Planning Systems (TPS), planning workflows, choice of TPS,

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Explore the historical roots of pharmacology from ancient civilizations like India, China, and Egypt. Learn about the development and principles of drug activity, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Discover early medicinal practices and the evolution of drug administration. Gain insigh

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Discover our comprehensive eye care solutions designed to enhance your vision and overall eye health. From routine exams to advanced treatments, we provide personalized care for all your ocular needs. Schedule your appointment today for a brighter, clearer future.\n

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Ocular Implants Market Size, Share, Forecast, & Trends Analysis by Type (Scleral, Stock, Orbital, Intraocular, Retinal, Corneal) Material (Silicon, Hydroxyapatite) Application (Prosthesis, Ocuplasty, Glaucoma Surgery) End User \u2013 Global Forecast to 2031\n

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This chapter discusses the classification, salient features, and uses of sedatives and hypnotics in veterinary pharmacology. Sedatives subdue excitement and induce calmness without necessarily causing sleep, while hypnotics induce and maintain sleep. Both classes of drugs act as CNS depressants and

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Explore the pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system focusing on cholinergic and adrenergic agents. Learn about cholinomimetics, direct and indirect acting cholinergic agonists, their therapeutic indications, and adverse effects. Discover the mechanism of action and uses of nicotinic agonists. D

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This comprehensive set of questions and answers covers topics related to drug excretion and renal pharmacology. It includes information on glomerular filtration, drug excretion mechanisms, dosage adjustments in renal impairment, factors influencing drug excretion, and the effects of long-term NSAID

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Explore the world of optometry with a detailed guide on the application process, available schools in Ontario, Quebec, and the USA, and the responsibilities of optometrists. Learn about the Doctor of Optometry degree, where you can study optometry, and a comprehensive list of schools in the USA offe

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Cephalosporins are a group of semisynthetic antibiotics derived from cephalosporin C obtained from a fungus. This chapter covers the introduction, chemistry, properties, solubility, classification, spectrum of activity, mechanism of action, applications, and side effects of cephalosporins. They offe

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Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, classified into glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have diverse effects on metabolism, immune responses, and inflammation, whereas mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balance. Mechanistically, corticosteroi

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Fish pharmacology is crucial for treating fish diseases effectively using drugs. Factors like water quality, pathogens, mortality rate, legal aspects, and economics need consideration. Different routes of drug administration in fish include water medication, immersion or dipping, hyperosmotic infilt

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Canine Infectious Hepatitis (ICH), also known as Rubarth's Disease, is caused by Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1), affecting dogs of all ages. The virus primarily targets hepatocytes, leading to acute hepatitis, as well as respiratory and ocular issues. Transmission occurs through contact with infected

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Herpes viruses are common human pathogens causing both asymptomatic infection and active disease. Ocular herpes, typically caused by HSV-1, presents with symptoms like pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. Factors like UV rays, trauma, and stress can trigger reactivation. Recurrent infections often

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Neurohumoural transmission in the field of veterinary pharmacology involves the communication of nerve messages through the release of chemical messengers. This process includes axonal conduction and junctional transmission. The historical aspects of neurohumoural transmission highlight key discover

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Cholinergic neurons play a vital role in neurotransmission by utilizing acetylcholine (ACh) as a neurotransmitter. This neurotransmission involves steps like synthesis, storage in vesicles, release, receptor binding, degradation, and recycling of choline and acetate. Choline acetyltransferase cataly

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Explore the latest findings from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2023 Hybrid Congress regarding Belamaf in multiple myeloma, including real-world outcomes, safety and efficacy analyses, long-term treatment impacts, infection risk, ocular toxicity prevention, and more. Key presentations cove

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a diverse group of medications with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. They act primarily on peripheral pain mechanisms and have limited CNS effects. NSAIDs have a long history dating back to the use of White Willow bark, and the

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Ophthalmic external photography, particularly external ocular photography (EOP), plays a vital role in ophthalmology practice by capturing images of the eye, ocular adnexa, and facial structures. It aids in documenting lesions, nerve anomalies, surgical outcomes, and disease progression. Digital pho

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\"The Global Ocular Prosthesis Market Size is Anticipated to Exceed USD 2.9 Billion by 2033, Growing at a CAGR of 8.35% from 2023 to 2033. \n\n\"\n

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The regulation of respiration involves sensory and efferent pathways, with afferent pathways comprising stretch receptors, C-fibres, and irritant receptors, while efferent pathways include parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. Cough physiology is a protective reflex initiated by various stimuli to

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Proposed project aims to provide tools for trainers in sports to automate and expedite concussion testing using ocular nerve testing. The focus is on developing an automated eyeset to quickly assess players on the sideline, potentially returning them to the game faster. The project also aims to inte

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Understanding the mechanism of ovulation and hormonal regulation is key in classifying drugs used to induce ovulation. This lecture covers the pharmacology of different groups of drugs, their mechanisms of action, administration protocols, indications, efficacy rates, and adverse effects. Antiestrog

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) comprises Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff Syndrome. WE presents with altered mental status, ocular signs, and ataxia, while Korsakoff Syndrome manifests as amnesia and confabulations. Untreated WE can progress to Korsakoff Syndrome in about 80% of cases

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Learn about the essential parts and functions of microscopes, including magnification, resolution, and different types such as bright-field, dark-field, phase-contrast, dissecting, and inverted microscopes. Discover how parfocal microscopes maintain focus and the roles of ocular lenses, nose pieces,

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Ocular implant market projected to hit $23.43 billion by 2031, growing at 6.1% annually. Fueled by rising demand for vision restoration treatments.\n\n

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Dive into the world of the parasympathetic nervous system and cholinergic pharmacology, exploring concepts like cholinomimetics, parasympathomimetics, cholinolytics, and more. Discover how acetylcholine synthesis and degradation play crucial roles in these processes, and learn about different cholin

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ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a vital immunological technique used in detecting antigens or antibodies in samples. This article covers the types of ELISA tests, such as Direct, Indirect, and Sandwich, along with the principles and applications of ELISA in diagnosis. The process involv

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Pterygium, a common ocular surface lesion, has historically been considered degenerative due to factors like UV radiation exposure. However, recent research suggests an inflammatory component with cellular proliferative fibrosis and angiogenesis. This study presented at TOSCON 2024 delves into the h

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Explore student experiences in learning tricky concepts in pathology and pharmacology as part of a veterinary medicine program. Discover challenges faced, valuable resources created, and the importance of student perspectives in enhancing learning outcomes.

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This lecture covers the physiology of basal ganglia, including the different nuclei, pathways, and neurotransmitters involved. It explains the functions of caudate and putamen circuits, integration of direct and indirect pathways, and diagnosis of basal ganglia disorders. The connections and basic c

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The seminar held at University College London on 16th May 2018 explored the transition from ocular to imaginary deixis in Greek epigrams. It delved into the significance of visual elements in ancient artifacts and inscriptions, shedding light on the evolution of contextual meanings within Greek art

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Explore the essential aspects of pharmacology and toxicology covered in Investigator Brochures, including nonclinical information, safety pharmacology, general toxicology, genetic toxicology, and more. Learn about the significance of pharmacology in predicting intended and unintended effects, consid

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Developmental pharmacology in children involves unique considerations such as drug metabolism, urine concentration, and muscle relaxant dosing. The field faces challenges with limited drug testing in pediatric populations, emphasizing the importance of age-appropriate pharmacotherapy. Factors like d

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition, particularly among computer users due to factors like decreased blink rate, environmental conditions, and visual display terminal use. This clinical study by Dr. Ankam Sai Akhil aims to assess the prevalence, causative factors, awareness, and risk

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Ophthalmologist Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Mittal from AIIMS Rishikesh discusses the ocular manifestations of intracranial lesions, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis by ophthalmologists. Symptoms include headaches, vision changes, seizures, and more, while signs may include visual field defects,

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The study of ocular pharmacology involves understanding general pharmacological principles, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. Drugs can be delivered to ocular tissue locally via eye drops, ointments, injections, or systemically through oral or intravenous routes. Factors such as drug concentra

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Explore various techniques for assessing ocular alignment, range of motion, and eye movement in patients through sessions focusing on gaze testing, visual fixation, saccades, and smooth pursuit. Learn how to identify abnormalities such as nystagmus, saccadic movements, and pursuit asymmetries to aid

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Understanding the pharmacology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is crucial as it impacts millions of Americans and poses significant healthcare costs. The complex pathophysiology involves mechanisms like the Frank-Starling mechanism, alterations in myocyte regeneration, neurohumoral s

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