Ottoman Empire faced agricultural and fiscal crises in the 17th century, leading to internal rebellions. However, by the mid-17th century, the empire had recovered and experienced further expansion, albeit at a slower rate compared to the previous century. In the 18th century, the Ottomans suffered

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The development of training planning in sports has a rich history starting from ancient times to the modern era. This evolution led to the introduction of periodization in the mid-20th century, focusing on structured training cycles and stress management for optimal athlete performance. The purpose

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Challenges faced by Mississippians at the dawn of the 20th century include populist efforts for betterment, adoption of laws promoting segregation and lynching, societal masks worn by Black Mississippians, demographic disparities, Jim Crow laws, and the neglect of education due to a weak economy and

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Discover how music evolved throughout the 20th century, tracing its development from genres like Blues, Spiritual, Jazz, Big Band/Swing, Rock 'n' Roll, and Pop. Explore the origins and influences of each style, from the improvisational roots of Blues to the iconic sounds of Rock 'n' Roll and the ris

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Modern poetry in English emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction to Victorian formalism. Modernists drew inspiration from diverse literary traditions, including Greek, Chinese, and Japanese poetry, to create works that depicted social changes and the impact of World War I. Themes of material

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Modern drama in English literature evolved through different phases from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, showcasing innovative techniques and themes. The revival of drama in the 20th century brought forth various trends and currents, reflecting social issues and nationalistic sentiments. This

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Modern drama in the 20th century experienced a revival and various trends. Realism was a significant quality where dramatists like Ibsen focused on portraying real problems of life. Problem plays emerged, addressing societal issues like marriage and justice. Modern drama shifted towards being a stag

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Discover the origins and characteristics of Googie architecture, a modern style rooted in post-WWII American futurism. Learn how this unique style draws inspiration from Space Age ideals and revolutionized everyday buildings in the mid-20th century.

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The 20th century English drama witnessed significant shifts, from the realism and naturalism of George Bernard Shaw and Ibsen to the modernist theatre of Samuel Beckett, Tom Stoppard, and Harold Pinter. Themes of social change, rejection of traditional ideals, and a focus on human experiences domina

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Epidemiology is the study of health and disease patterns in populations. It involves analyzing distribution, determinants, and risk factors to inform public health policy, disease prevention, and clinical work. Modern epidemiology traces back to the mid-20th century, focusing on observational studie

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Poetic drama, pioneered by T.S. Eliot, marked a significant literary movement in the 20th century. Eliot's contributions, along with efforts from predecessors such as W.B. Yeats and contemporaries like Auden and Isherwood, revitalized the genre. The fusion of traditional and experimental elements, r

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The impacts of World War I and World War II on immigration and immigrants in the 20th century were profound. Various groups of immigrants, such as Germans in Britain, Polish soldiers, Jewish refugees, and more, experienced different levels of migration, wartime experiences, and post-war outcomes. Th

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In 20th-century philosophy, the divide between Analytic and Continental schools deepened but has seen recent attempts at reconciliation. Analytic philosophy emphasizes logic, language, and epistemology, requiring technical expertise, while Continental philosophy rejects metaphysical speculation and

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The Family by Ba Jin delves into the lives of the Kao brothers, highlighting their resistance against oppressive feudal authority in early 20th century China. The story follows the struggles of Kao Chueh-hsin, Kao Chueh-min, and Kao Chueh-hui as they navigate societal expectations and personal desir

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In "The Affluent Society," John Kenneth Galbraith describes the rise of an economy of abundance in the United States post-World War II. The era saw a tripling of income, a shift towards white-collar jobs, the rise of multinationals and franchises, and a culture emphasizing consumerism and conformity

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Explore the significant events like the Civil Rights Movement, the popular presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, the Baby Boom Years, and the advent of television in the lives of Americans during the mid-20th century. Learn about civil rights, segregation, the Brow

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Researcher Barry O'Sullivan delves into New Zealand military history through the lens of uniforms and personal equipment. His book compiles dress regulations, unit specifics, and Imperial guidelines from the mid-19th to early 20th century, fostering discussion and research in the field.

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Explore the fascinating journey of arcade games from mechanical and electro-mechanical devices in the 19th century to the birth of digital games in the mid-20th century. Witness the transition from coin-operated amusement machines to early digital arcade games and home consoles, shaping the gaming i

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The changing experience of women in 20th-century Ireland reflects a journey from second-class citizenship to increased participation in workforce and education. From being primarily homemakers, women transitioned to holding jobs in offices, teaching, nursing, and civil service. However, gender pay g

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The early 20th century in England was marked by significant events such as the reigns of Edward VII and George V, the Boer War, World War I, and the rise of the political left during the economic depression of the 1930s. The period also saw the abdication of Edward VIII and the reign of George VI du

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Explore the concept of genocide through examples from the 20th century including Germany, Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, and Armenia. Activities such as mapping genocides, researching case studies, and creating a timeline provide in-depth insights into this dark chapter of human history.

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The United States underwent a significant transformation in the early 20th century, emerging as a prominent global power. Key figures like William Crawford Gorgas, Joseph Wheeler, and John Tyler Morgan made notable contributions, from combating diseases in Latin America to advocating for territorial

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Explore the intersection of dress, morality, and visual culture in the mid-nineteenth century through the lens of Lynda Nead's work. Delve into the societal expectations and perceptions surrounding women's fashion and behavior during this era, shedding light on the complex dynamics at play.

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The IPCC Fifth Assessment Synthesis Report highlights the clear influence of human activities on the climate system. Data reveals a consistent rise in global temperatures over the past 150 years, with each decade warmer than the last. The IPCC emphasizes the urgency to limit climate change to build

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Explore the shift from traditional 20th-century capitalism to the purpose-driven models of the 21st century. Understand the emphasis on stakeholder wellbeing, long-term value creation, and interconnected relationships with society and the environment. Discover the importance of acknowledging nested

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Explore the shift in understanding human rationality from the mid-20th century to the present through works like "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman. Delve into the impact of strong emotions on decision-making, the role of unconscious thinking in decision processes as discussed in "Stranger

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The Pakistan Movement in the early 20th century saw significant political developments, including the formation of the Indian National Congress, the Partition of Bengal, and key events like the Lucknow Pact and the Amritsar Massacre. The movement reflected the growing demands of both Hindus and Musl

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Exploring the evolution of child welfare in East-Central Europe with a focus on the history of the SSR, this research delves into the abolition of foster care, restructuring of childcare institutions, healthcare for infants, and the complexities of state intervention in family matters during the mid

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The United States underwent a significant transformation in the early 20th century, emerging as a prominent world power. This shift was marked by key events such as the formation of the Rough Riders under Theodore Roosevelt, the involvement of African American regiments in the Spanish-American War,

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Explore the rich history of school planning, from the innovative open floor plans of the mid-20th century to the modern architectural designs that prioritize both functionality and aesthetic appeal. Learn about key figures, such as Charley Branham, and landmark schools like the Crow Island School th

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Explore the immigrant experience in early 20th century America through a series of images depicting life on Ellis Island, large families, Italian, French, and Slavic workers, boarding houses, market days, and more. Witness the challenges and opportunities faced by immigrants as they built new lives

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In the realm of English drama in the 20th century, significant periods such as Modern British Drama, Naturalism, and the works of George Bernard Shaw shaped the theatrical landscape. From the rejection of past ideals to the emergence of new social commentary, playwrights like Shaw and Ibsen challeng

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The International System of Units (SI) was introduced in France in 1840 and became globally accepted by the mid-20th century. SI is mandatory in Estonia since 1982, with base units including meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole. Each base unit is defined by specific physical co

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Recent studies have explored the suppressed late 20th-century warming seen in CMIP6 models compared to CMIP5. The differences in warming patterns are attributed to strong aerosol forcing, with implications for radiative forcing and climate feedbacks. Estimating historical radiative forcing and exami

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Delve into the world of "Crimes of the Heart" by Beth Henley, a Pulitzer Prize-winning play set in Hazlehurst, Mississippi in the mid-20th century. Follow the intertwined lives of the Magrath sisters - Lenny, Babe, and Meg - as they navigate love, loss, and the complexities of family relationships.

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Modern physics in the 20th century blurred the lines between particles and waves, introducing concepts like photons, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and the dual nature of matter. Topics covered include the behaviors of electromagnetic waves, the photon concept, and the limitations of measuring

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Explore American foreign policy, the impact of global conflicts, and domestic changes from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. Delve into policymaking, wartime decisions, societal shifts, and the nation's development as a superpower, assessing the alignment with founding ideals amidst global chal

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During the mid-20th century, a shift towards functional and geometric designs in industrial objects emerged, moving away from excessive ornamentation. Prominent figures like Belle Kogan and Norman Bel Geddes revolutionized industrial design, focusing on simplification and accessibility. Events such

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Explore the timeline of Hispanic immigration to America from the 16th century to the mid-20th century, highlighting significant events such as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Bracero Program. Learn about the cultural contributions of Hispanics and delve into the author Sandra Cisneros and he

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Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" delves into the complexities of identity, race, and society through the journey of an unnamed narrator. Set against the backdrop of mid-20th century America, the novel follows the protagonist as he navigates through various encounters and experiences that challenge hi

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