Understand the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, common disturbances, and nutrient requirements in preterm infants. Learn why metabolic bone disease is important and its long-term effects on bone health.

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Steatotic liver disease, including metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) and metabolic associated alcoholic liver disease (MALD), is a common cause of liver test abnormalities in the United States. Risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome can lead to advanced fibrosis a

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Dr. Srilekha Ammapalli discusses the cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, lactate) involved in electrolyte and metabolic disturbances in critically ill patients. The physiology, causes of abnormalities, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of

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Bridge members must support various loads and stresses. This presentation covers how loads are applied, how members are stressed, and how materials resist stress. It discusses different member types like beams/girders, simple beams, continuous beams, and columns/hangers. Stresses such as tension, co

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Explore a case study on diabetic ketoacidosis to understand the basis of metabolic acidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus, differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, predict blood buffer equilibrium changes, apply Winter's formula, correlate clinical data with biochemical tests, explain insulin

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Stresses due to temperature variation can affect concrete slabs, causing warping and friction stresses. Proper joint design, including expansion, contraction, and construction joints, is crucial to minimize stress and prevent warping in concrete pavements. This guide explores different types of join

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Phosphatase enzymes play a crucial role in various metabolic processes by releasing phosphate groups, increasing their availability for energy synthesis and cell structure formation. Acid phosphatases, with an optimum pH below 7.0, can be extracted from plant tissues like germinating mung beans. A p

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Explore the major metabolic pathways of glucose, including glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and more. Understand the production, utilization, catabolic, and anabolic cycles of glucose in cellular metabolism. Learn about key concepts such as hexose interconversion, HMP/PPP, Krebs cycle, a

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The AMPK system plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis by sensing the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and responding to metabolic stresses that affect ATP production or consumption. AMPK is activated by factors such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as by compo

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Explanation of principal planes and stresses in thin cylindrical shells, defining concepts such as principal planes, principal stresses, major principal stress, minor principal stress, major principal plane, and minor principal plane. Detailed explanation of hoop stress (circumferential stress) and

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This content explores various techniques used in pharmacognosy and phytochemistry to investigate the metabolic pathways in plants and study the formation of primary and secondary metabolites. Methods such as utilizing radioactive isotopes, tracer techniques, isolated organs/tissues, grafting, and mu

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Many critical illnesses can disrupt acid-base balance, indicating underlying diseases or organ damage. Interpretation of disturbances requires analyzing arterial blood gases, plasma electrolytes, and compensatory mechanisms. Acid-base disorders are classified into respiratory acidosis, respiratory a

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Equipments in power systems operate under variable complex stresses, leading to unavoidable faults despite careful planning. Earthing transformers play a crucial role in reducing potential stresses during faults by providing a neutral grounding point. By effectively grounding circuits, these transfo

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The prevention, control, and treatment of nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoo and wild animals are essential for maintaining their health. These diseases, such as rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and fibrous osteodystrophy, can result from imbalances in dietary nutrients and metabolic dera

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Abomasal displacement refers to the movement of the abomasum, a wandering organ in cattle due to loose attachments. This condition can lead to left or right displacement, as well as torsion or volvulus. Various factors such as feeding high concentrate rations, metabolic alkalosis, and other metaboli

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Metabolic control mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis within cells by regulating metabolic pathways. This involves finely adjusting the output of pathways in response to external signals, ensuring the proper flux of metabolites to meet cellular needs. Pacemaker enzymes, such as

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This educational material delves into the types and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, the physiological actions of thyroid hormones, regulation levels, thyroid function tests, goiter, and the distinction between hypo- and hyperthyroidism. It covers the role of thyroid hormones in thermogenesis, meta

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Cutaneous circulation plays a vital role in supplying blood to the skin, with variations in apical and non-apical regions of the body. The blood flow is regulated by neural, thermal, and metabolic factors, and controlled by sympathetic fibers. Sympathetic vasoconstriction and vasodilation affect the

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Gain insight into the critical role of nutrition in aiding patients in their recovery from injuries and enhancing their physical well-being post-injury. Explore the phases of injury, the physiological and metabolic impacts of each phase, and the corresponding nutritional support strategies. Delve in

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Perinatal asphyxia refers to the interruption of oxygen supply to the fetus or newborn, leading to metabolic consequences and potential multiorgan dysfunction and long-term neurological issues. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) have

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Glycine, the simplest amino acid, plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways in the body. It can be converted to important compounds like pyruvic acid, lactic acid, and creates the one-carbon pool. Glycine is essential for heme synthesis, glutathione formation, purine synthesis, and more. In

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Explore the key equations and stresses associated with thin-walled pressure vessels in Mechanics of Materials engineering. Understand the calculations for spherical and cylindrical vessels, outer and inner surface stresses, and the implications on material strength. Practice problems included for pr

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Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) are genetic disorders that disrupt metabolic pathways, leading to substrate accumulation or product deficiency. These disorders can be classified based on toxic accumulation, protein metabolism, carbohydrate intolerance, lysosomal storage issues, energy production d

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In this lecture, we delve into the concept of principal stresses and how to determine the orientation of principal planes. We explore methods to find principal stress orientations and discuss the significance of principal stresses in materials. The content includes detailed equations, diagrams, and

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An in-depth analysis of structural engineering problems involving centroids, moments of inertia, maximum stresses, and curvature calculations. Solutions are provided for scenarios such as the application of couples to machine parts and wooden beams, determining maximum tensile and compressive stress

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Energy is essential for various bodily functions, with Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) representing the energy needed to sustain internal organ activity and body temperature. Kilocalories from food play a crucial role, and maintaining an energy balance is key for overall health. Factors like exercise, ho

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Hibernation is a fascinating biological phenomenon observed in various animals, enabling them to survive harsh conditions by conserving energy. This state of inactivity and metabolic depression is crucial for species like bears, pygmy possums, and bats during winter months. Animals hibernate to cope

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Simple stresses play a crucial role in structural analysis by determining the force per unit area on structural members. Normal, shear, and bearing stresses are key classifications that describe the behavior of materials under external forces. This article delves into the concepts of simple stresses

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Proper sleeping plays a crucial role in metabolic balance and obesity prevention. Studies show that both short and long durations of sleep are associated with an increased risk of mortality and obesity in both children and adults. Sleep deprivation can lead to a higher intake of sweet and dessert fo

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Exploring the multidimensional optimality of microbial metabolism through metabolic network analysis, C-based flux analysis, and stoichiometric reaction modeling. The concept of Pareto optimal solutions in multi-objective optimization problems is discussed in the context of microbial metabolic pathw

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Metabolic rate, the energy consumed by an organism in a specific time period, can be measured through heat energy, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide release. Various tools like calorimeters and respirometers are used for this purpose. The delivery of oxygen through efficient transport systems i

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A study by Stefano Lazzer, Grace O. Malley, and Michel Vermorel explores the metabolic and mechanical costs of sedentary and physical activities in obese children and adolescents. The research delves into the main components of daily energy expenditure, the contribution of organs and tissues to body

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Dr. Zoidis Evangelos is a distinguished professional in the field of endocrinology and metabolic syndrome, currently serving as a Lecturer at the Agricultural University of Athens. With a background in biochemistry and extensive research experience, his work focuses on nutritional physiology, molecu

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Explore the case of a 48-year-old RN facing various health challenges like depression, anxiety, obesity, diabetes, and more. Learn about core metabolic imbalances impacting brain health, personalized lifestyle medicine strategies, and the importance of addressing root causes for a balanced metabolic

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Metabolic rate, the amount of energy used by the body over time, can be measured in different ways using respirometers and calorimeters. Respirometers measure oxygen uptake, while calorimeters calculate metabolic rate based on heat generated by the organism. Understanding these techniques is essenti

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In a capitalist society, metabolic interactions and exchanges are influenced by one's income and occupation quality. This separation between human existence and nature is emphasized in the relation between wage labor and capital. Marx's writings highlight how labor is essential for the metabolic int

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Explore the concept of simple stresses and strains in Strength of Materials through lectures and numerical examples. Understand statically determinate bars and beams, calculations of material elongation and dimension changes, as well as solving problems related to axial loads and bar displacements.

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Explore the effect of nonlinearity in granular materials on vertical stresses and deflections in pavement structural analysis. Learn about iterative methods and stress invariants to understand pavement behavior under traffic loads. Discover the application of Boussinesq's solutions and Burmister's l

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Removable partial dentures in dentistry encounter various stresses, with Class I, II, and IV being more susceptible than Class III due to the need for support from both teeth and soft tissue. Stress breakers and equalizers play crucial roles in managing and distributing stresses effectively on abutm

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Introduction to principal stresses and strains in Mechanics of Materials, covering transformations of stress and strain, combined stress analysis, and methods to determine stress states on arbitrary planes in loaded bodies. Details stress elements, stress analysis on inclined sections, and stress di

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