This work presents the QoE Doctor, a solution for accurate and repeatable QoE measurements and analysis in mobile apps. By introducing UI automation, it enables the replay of user behavior to measure UI layer QoE metrics without modifying app source code. The QoE Doctor also supports multi-layer dia

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Layer-2 token marketing promotes tokens built on scalable layer-2 solutions, highlighting benefits like faster transactions and lower fees. Get connected with our experts today and launch a lucrative \ntoken platform.

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The ozone layer, found in the stratosphere at 15 to 40 km altitude, plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. However, due to the use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the ozone layer has been depleted, leading to the formation of the ozone hole. This depletion is caused by chemi

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Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms with a simple body design. Their structure includes layers such as the extramural layer, surface appendages like flagella and pili, cell envelop with a cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, and cytoplasmic inclusions. The capsule and slime layer play es

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In this lecture by Dr. Erwin Sitompul at President University, the focus is on Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) in neural networks, discussing their architecture, design considerations, advantages, learning algorithms, and training process. MLPs with hidden layers and sigmoid activation functions enabl

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) discusses platform layer updates for the CAELUM (7.0) release of the Core Flight System in the 2021 Flight Software Workshop. The platform layer consists of the Operating System Abstraction Layer (OSAL) and Platform Support Package (PSP), whic

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Communication in computer networks is facilitated through different layers such as the data link, network, and transport layers. Each layer has specific responsibilities in ensuring data delivery from one point to another. The data link layer handles communication between adjacent nodes, the network

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Boundary layer module explains the presence of viscous forces near a surface due to fluid flow, leading to laminar or turbulent boundary layers. Flow separation occurs when a boundary layer detaches from a surface, impacting lift and drag forces. Adverse pressure gradients and flow separation phenom

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The chapter discusses the essential principles and concepts in software design, highlighting the four key design models - data design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design. It emphasizes the importance of traceability to the analysis model, minimizing the gap between so

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Chromatography techniques are used in laboratories to separate and identify components of mixtures. Paper chromatography is a type where a developing solution travels up a filter paper, separating compounds based on their affinity to the stationary phase. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a similar

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The content highlights the OSI model and layered tasks in networking, explaining the functions of each layer in the OSI model such as Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer. It also discusses the interaction between l

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Bedforms in unidirectional flow exhibit various characteristics such as sediment layer thicknesses, boundary layer dynamics, presence of ripples and dunes, and the interplay between flow velocity and sediment deposition. These bedforms, including ripples and dunes, form due to interactions between t

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Exploring Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) for mapping physical addresses to logical addresses in networking, along with insights on the Transport Layer's role in providing communication services to application processes. Learn about RARP packet formats, encapsulation, and the significance

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In the realm of networking, exploring the principles of transport layer services is crucial. This involves concepts like multiplexing/demultiplexing, reliable data transfer, flow control, and congestion control, which are facilitated by protocols such as UDP and TCP. The transport layer acts as a br

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Exploring the data link layer in computer networks, this lecture discusses the node-to-node communication, services provided, such as framing, flow control, error control, and congestion control. Through a series of images, the concept of links and nodes, as well as the responsibilities of the data

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The Data Link Layer (DLL) is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for error detection and correction, framing, addressing, synchronization, flow control, and multi-access protocols. It deals with logical link control and media access control, addressing destination hardware, avoiding data

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In 2019, Ian Heap, Director of the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (HRAC), is leading an initiative to enhance the survey and overhaul the website to target completion by year-end. The website will undergo a three-tiered redesign focusing on presentation layer, application layer, a

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Meridian is an SDN platform developed by Mohammad Banikazemi, David Olshefski, Anees Shaikh, John Tracey, and GuohuiWang at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. The platform focuses on providing cloud network services efficiently. It encompasses an architecture that enables faster and more convenient n

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Explore the comprehensive structure and operations of ZFS, covering aspects like MOS layer, object-set layer, Dnode, Block Pointer, and TRIM operations. Learn about the meta-object set (MOS), dataset and snapshot layer (DSL), and storage pool allocator (SPA) modules within ZFS. Understand how ZVOLs,

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The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) plays a crucial role in atmospheric dynamics, divided into surface, mixed, stable, and residual layers. During the day, the mixed layer experiences convective motions due to surface heating, while the stable layer dominates during the night. Understanding these lay

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System design involves the detailed planning and identification of components in an information system, aiming to provide users with a general understanding of the new system. This process includes techniques like flowcharts, prototyping, and component design, covering aspects such as output design,

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This content delves into the concepts of Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), exploring their origins, application in web security, and protocol stack integration. It covers the TLS/SSL handshake process, key derivation, data transfer mechanisms, and the significance of the

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Modular Layer 2 (ML2) is a new core plugin in OpenStack Neutron that enables interface with various network mechanisms and types for enhanced flexibility and efficiency. It replaces deprecated plugins like Open vSwitch and Linuxbridge, offering a more modular and feature-rich approach for managing l

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Software design involves transforming customer requirements into a form suitable for implementation, with activities categorized into preliminary and detailed design stages. High-level design focuses on module identification and control relationships, while detailed design entails defining data stru

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The Earth's atmosphere is a vital layer of gases that encircles our planet, providing the necessary conditions for life to thrive. It consists of several distinct layers, each with unique characteristics and functions. From the troposphere closest to the surface to the thermosphere extending to grea

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This content delves into the fundamental concepts of network layer functions in router design, including data forwarding, control plane operations, and route processing. It explains the analogy of the postal system to address and locate network endpoints, and emphasizes the importance of route looku

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Prof. H.A. Odeyinka's keynote paper discusses the importance of developing sustainable infrastructures amidst declining economic resources in the face of climate change and global disasters. It highlights the concepts of climate change, sustainable development, atmospheric layers, ozone layer, carbo

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Explore Chapter 2 of the course on Computer Communication and Networks, focusing on the application-layer protocols in the client-server paradigm, specific protocols like HTTP and SMTP, client-server architecture, peer-to-peer architecture, and addressing needs in the network application layer.

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The transport layer provides essential services for reliable communication between end-hosts, including error detection, recovery, and timing preservation. Different transport service models, connection paradigms, and challenges like packet delay, reordering, and loss are discussed in comparison to

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Explore methods to extract trust from the blockchain and enhance scalability through Layer 1 and Layer 2 changes, including parameters adjustment, consensus algorithm modifications, sharding, payment networks, and side chains. Learn about payment channels, Bitcoin throughput, and strategies to incre

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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) plays a crucial role in bridging the Layer 2/Layer 3 addressing boundary in the TCP/IP protocol stack, allowing IP to be agnostic about layer 2 addressing while still using layer 2 for packet delivery. Machines ARP for MAC addresses within their local network, where

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The presence of a Low Velocity Layer (LVZ) at the top of subducting plates in subduction zones has significant implications for imaging and potentially seismogenesis. This hydrated layer of oceanic crust, likely caused by dehydration reactions during subduction, affects seismic wave behaviors and ca

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Software bug localization techniques like Tarantula focus on finding likely buggy code fragments in a software system by analyzing test results, code coverage, bug history, and code dependencies. The lack of an interface layer in existing techniques leads to handcrafted heuristics, posing a persiste

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This content delves into the intricacies of distributed systems, exploring concepts such as establishing communication with applications, managing channels for actual communication, bandwidth versus latency considerations, and the functions of physical, link, and network layers. From the physical la

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The link layer, an essential component in computer networks, is implemented at every host through adapters like NICs or Ethernet/802.11 cards. It handles tasks such as frame encapsulation, error checking, and flow control to ensure reliable data transmission between nodes. Link layer services includ

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The link layer, also known as the data link layer, plays a crucial role in transferring data between adjacent nodes over communication links. This layer is responsible for framing, access control, reliable delivery, error detection and correction, flow control, and more. It is implemented in network

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The figures depict the architecture of Software Acceleration Layer (SAL), Acceleration Management Layer (AML), and other components in OpenStack Nomad and DPACC. They illustrate the interaction between Software Routing Layer (SRL), General Drivers (g-drivers), Hardware I/O Interface (hio), and more

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The Earth's structure consists of four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thin, rocky layer we see on the surface, while the mantle is a solid layer that flows like a viscous liquid. The outer core is a hot, melted layer of iron and nickel, and the inner cor

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The network layer is vital in computer networking, responsible for host-to-host delivery by carrying packets between computers. It enables internetworking, routing packets to their destinations, and ensuring unique addressing for global communication. This layer encapsulates data packets, fragments

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Layer 3 switches combine the features of Ethernet switches and routers, allowing them to process both MAC and IP headers. By configuring VLANs, trunking, and management interfaces, these switches can handle data forwarding across different subnets efficiently. This guide explains the basic principle

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