The importance of hand hygiene in the context of Marburg virus disease and discover when and how to perform hand hygiene in healthcare settings with limited to intermediate resources. Updated as of March 2023.

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Viral pathogenesis explores the intricate relationship between viruses and their hosts, encompassing factors like viral effects on cells, entry mechanisms, tissue tropism, immune responses, and the outcomes of infection. This process involves a series of interactions leading to either virus clearanc

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Environmental cleaning is crucial in preventing the spread of Marburg virus disease. This presentation emphasizes the significance of proper cleaning practices, detailing key principles and waste management strategies. It outlines the importance of cleaning before disinfecting, using appropriate per

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HIV, a member of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses, causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 and HIV-2 have distinct characteristics, with HIV-1 being global and HIV-2 primarily in West Africa. The virus encodes reverse transcriptase and has an envelope containing glycoproteins

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Monitoring wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 virus levels provides crucial insights into COVID-19 spread and trend tracking in the community. The latest report for the week of October 16-22, 2022, shows moderate virus levels in wastewater with steady, decreasing, and increasing trends across different sites

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Learn how to create a virus using Notepad by following various dangerous virus codes such as creating fake Windows errors, stopping someone's internet access, and crashing a PC forever. Be cautious with these codes as they can cause serious harm to a computer system.

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Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus of Bhindi, also known as Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic, is a viral disease caused by the Begomovirus, affecting okra plants. The disease manifests through symptoms like vein-clearing and vein-chlorosis of leaves, leading to yellow network patterns on the leaves and stunted, malfor

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Influenza pandemics have historically caused significant casualties, with the most notable being the 1918 H1N1 pandemic flu that resulted in approximately 50 million deaths. Understanding how diseases like the flu can cause a pandemic is crucial, including the groups most vulnerable and the necessar

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Exploring the diverse ways viruses enter the body through various routes such as respiratory tract, oropharynx, skin, genitourinary tract, and eyes, shedding light on the steps of the virus life cycle shaping pathogenesis. Viral diseases result from the intricate interaction between viral and host f

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SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, follows a complex life cycle involving viral attachment and entry, replication and synthesis, as well as viral assembly and release. The virus interacts with host cell proteins to enter, produce essential proteins and RNA for reproduction, and then ass

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Understanding bloodborne pathogens is crucial for ground team members to protect themselves and others. This training covers what bloodborne pathogens are, focusing on Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), their symptoms, transmission risks, and prevention methods. HBV fact

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Ephemeral fever (Three-Day Sickness) is an acute arthropod-borne viral disease affecting cattle and water buffalo. It is caused by the Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus and manifests with biphasic fever, decreased milk yield, and other clinical signs. The disease has varying prevalence and can lead to hi

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Early identification and separation of suspected Marburg virus disease patients play a crucial role in preventing the spread of the disease within healthcare settings. Screening and setting up specific areas for identification and isolation are essential steps to protect healthcare workers, patients

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Viral infections exhibit diverse cellular tropism based on receptor interactions, impacting cell function through modulation and potential host defense responses. Infections can lead to various outcomes, from cell death to persistent or latent states, with nuanced effects on cellular behavior. Diffe

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Rabies is an acute fatal disease affecting humans and warm-blooded animals, characterized by abnormal behavior, nervous disturbances, excessive salivation, and respiratory paralysis. It claims around 55,000 human lives globally, with efforts in rabies control showing marginal success. The etiology o

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Covering the basics of OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, this training material provides essential information on bloodborne pathogens, including Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). It emphasizes the importance of training for individuals with occupational exposure, outlining crucial topics such as Hepatitis

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Various methods are employed in virology, including virus cultivation in different cells, virus isolation, and virus purification through centrifugation. Structural investigations, virion component-based techniques, and virus infectivity-based techniques are also common in virology research. Underst

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Pox viruses can affect wild animals, with Monkeypox emerging as a significant zoonotic virus in Central and West Africa. The disease shows similarities to smallpox but is less severe. Pox lesions are characteristic signs of infection, and outbreaks have been documented in regions with a history of s

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Feco-oral diseases, primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, remain a significant global health concern, especially affecting children under 5 and the elderly. Diarrhea, characterized by WHO as three or more watery stools in 24 hours, poses a substantial burden, with infectious agents cau

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This lecture covers viral infections of the respiratory system, focusing on Avian flu, Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human metapneumovirus, Parainfluenza viruses, Measles, and Mumps virus. It includes information on the structure, symptoms, lab diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of

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Zika virus is a mosquito-borne infection that can lead to birth defects and neurologic disorders. It spreads through mosquito bites and can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or through sexual contact. The virus is prevalent in South and Central America, the Caribbean, and is

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Akabane disease, also known as Enzootic Bovine Arthrogryposis and Hydranencephaly, is a viral illness transmitted by arthropods that primarily affects calves, lambs, and kids. The disease can lead to congenital abnormalities such as joint immobility and absence of the cerebral hemisphere. It is caus

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This content provides detailed information on Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus, including its nucleotide genome, disease cycle, testing methods like DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, seed testing protocols, bioassay for virus confirmation, and symptom expression in host plants. The data covers aspects such as

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Avian influenza, or bird flu, is a viral disease affecting birds' respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. It presents in two forms - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (LPAIV). The virus has two important surface antigens, Hemagglutinin (H)

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Swine flu, caused by H1N1 virus, presents with symptoms like fever, sore throat, and respiratory issues. It spreads through inhalation and contact. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Individuals with flu-like symptoms and recent travel or contact history should be monitored. Unders

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Ethical dilemmas and safety concerns arise when conducting research in disaster situations like Ebola, Zika, H1N1, and SARS outbreaks. Lessons learnt include the need for global guidelines, involving local communities, and aligning research with cultural norms and practices.

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Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is caused by an RNA virus from the Arteriviridae family, susceptible to environmental factors like temperature, pH, and exposure to detergents. The virus exhibits genomic variability, leading to different levels of virulence and clinical symptoms in

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This study explores the impact of seasonal influenza vaccination on infection rates among pregnant Japanese women, focusing on primiparous and multiparous individuals. It discusses the background of influenza-related complications in pregnant women, presenting data on maternal mortality during the H

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Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is an RNA virus belonging to the Pestivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. It is classified into BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 genotypes with distinct biotypes. BVDV is a significant infectious disease in the livestock industry worldwide, with high prevalence and clinical c

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The measles virus, also known as rubeola or morbilli virus, is a highly contagious infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. This presentation delves into the classification, characteristics, and pathogenesis of the virus, shedding light on its structure, transmission, and impact on p

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Ebola Virus, a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains, can affect humans and nonhuman primates. The disease is primarily transmitted through bodily fluids, contaminated objects, and infected animals. Outbreaks have occurred in various countries, but to date,

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Explore the world of anti-anti-virus techniques including Retroviruses and Entry Point Obfuscation. Learn about the methods used by viruses to evade detection and damage anti-virus software. Discover how Retroviruses like Ganda virus operate stealthily to hinder anti-virus programs. Delve into strat

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This study investigates the effects of supplemental treatment with Aloe vera extract on haemogram and serum enzymes activities in broiler chickens challenged with Newcastle Disease Virus. Background information on the use of antioxidants, vitamins, and Aloe vera in traditional and alternative medici

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This content provides guidance on COVID-19 infection prevention and control in childcare settings by exploring risk factors, spread mechanisms, and the nature of the COVID-19 virus. It discusses the importance of aerosols and droplets, the lipid coat of the virus, and how the virus spreads through c

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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus is an RNA virus belonging to the genus Nairovirus, causing a zoonotic disease with high mortality rates in humans. The virus is transmitted mainly by ticks, particularly the Hyalomma species, and can result in severe illness in both domestic and wild anim

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Chicken pox, caused by the Varicella-zoster virus, is a contagious infection primarily affecting children. This seminar presentation delves into the classification, route of infection, symptoms, and treatment of this viral disease common in Africa. The Varicella-zoster virus, a member of the herpes

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Influenza is a viral respiratory illness that can range from seasonal flu to pandemic outbreaks like the 2009 swine flu (H1N1) epidemic. The dangers and prevention methods of specific strains, such as H5N1 avian flu, have been witnessed since 2003. This summary delves into the characteristics, impac

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This study by PhD Benicio Gutiérrez explores male and female handwashing behaviors during the A(H1N1) pandemic of 2009-2010 using Structural Equation Modeling. The research focuses on understanding the motivations behind handwashing practices during the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of prope

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Viruses must be propagated and transmitted to new hosts for survival. They can be spread via vectors like arthropods, which acquire and transmit viruses during feeding. This transmission can occur quickly through the vector's mouthparts or more slowly via circulation in the vector's body. Plant viru

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