Intellectuals are individuals who utilize their intellect and specialized education to generate ideas and knowledge essential for the functioning of societal production systems. Gramsci delves into how different social groups or classes form their own intellectuals, highlighting processes, historica

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Liberalism, a prominent political ideology, emerged in the 19th century and is closely linked to capitalism. It stands against absolutism and feudal privileges, advocating for individualism, freedom, reason, equality, toleration, consent, and constitutionalism. The evolution of liberalism emphasized

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The Black Death had a profound impact on European society and economy in the 14th century, causing social and economic upheaval, labor shortage, increased wages, and anti-Semitic sentiments. It also led to peasant revolts and the disintegration of medieval life, ultimately contributing to the breakd

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The Feudal System was a social hierarchy where the king held control, and peasants did the work at the bottom. Lords owned the land while serfs worked on it. Explore the differences between a lord and a serf, how the system provided order and stability, and the new form introduced in England. Join a

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State restructuring in Nepal involves the redistribution of power across different tiers of government and the redesign of governance structures to achieve political, economic, social, and administrative transformation. The concept focuses on decentralization, inclusivity, and proportional represent

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The Family by Ba Jin delves into the lives of the Kao brothers, highlighting their resistance against oppressive feudal authority in early 20th century China. The story follows the struggles of Kao Chueh-hsin, Kao Chueh-min, and Kao Chueh-hui as they navigate societal expectations and personal desir

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The period of feudalism in Japan from the 12th to the 19th century under the Shoguns is explored in this reading activity. It delves into the social structure, roles of different classes like daimyo, samurai, artisans, and merchants, as well as the power dynamics between the Emperor and the shogun.

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New invasions by Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims brought chaos to Western Europe, leading to the decline of central authority. Feudalism emerged as a system of governing and landowning, based on mutual obligations between lords and vassals. The Feudal Pyramid structured society, with kings at the peak

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The emergence of bourgeois politics in 17th century England marked a significant shift in power dynamics as capitalism began to take hold. The bourgeoisie initially allied with the monarchy to overthrow the feudal order but later turned against the royal power. The Puritan Revolution and the Gloriou

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The concept of wardship, originating in the Middle Ages, evolved over time to prioritize the welfare of children under the Court's care. Wardship transitioned from feudal control to protection against parental abuse, with broad powers granted to the High Court. Changes in legislation, such as the Fa

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Critique various socialisms from history - including feudal socialism, petty-bourgeois socialism, and German or True Socialism. Discusses the origins, criticisms, and impact of these ideologies on societal structures and historical movements.

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