Carcinogenesis
The multistep process of carcinogenesis at both phenotypic and genetic levels, including excessive growth, local invasion, and metastasis. Explore the six changes in normal cell physiology that result in cancer formation and the mechanisms of action of oncoproteins. Discover the role of important ge
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Understanding the Natural History of Disease Development and Prevention
The natural history of disease development outlines the progression of a disease in an individual without intervention, from exposure to outcome. Learning objectives include defining prevention terms, understanding disease severity, prevention levels, and intervention measures. Studying disease prog
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Principles of Epidemiology: Understanding Disease Occurrence and Surveillance
Epidemiology is the study of disease patterns, factors influencing disease occurrence, and the core functions of surveillance, field investigation, and analytic studies. It involves understanding disease characteristics, natural history, and evaluating the effectiveness of activities to mitigate dis
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Understanding the Basics of Biology - Introduction to DNA, Genes, and Proteins
Explore the fundamental concepts of biology, including the human genome, protein coding genes, central dogma of biology, gene transcription, DNA vs. RNA, and more. Discover how DNA serves as the blueprint for life, how genes are translated into proteins, and the essential processes involved in gene
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Unraveling the Mystery of Traits and Genes
Explore the fascinating world of traits and genes, understanding how they are passed down from parent to offspring through chromosomes. Delve into the role of genes in controlling various traits such as hair color, eye color, and even unique characteristics like detached earlobes and widow's peak. D
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Understanding Transcription Factors and Regulatory Sequences in Gene Expression
Transcription factors play a crucial role in gene expression by controlling the recruitment of RNA polymerase. Promoter regions contain sequences like CAAT box and TATA box that regulate transcription by binding proteins. Consensus sequences are conserved patterns in the genome with various biologic
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Understanding Sex-Linked Inheritance: Key Concepts and Examples
Sex-linked inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic traits determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes. This type of inheritance differs from autosomal inheritance due to the unique characteristics of the X and Y chromosomes. In organisms with XX/XY sex determination, genes on the X
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Insights into Tyzzer's Disease: An Overview of a Bacterial Infection in Laboratory Animals
Tyzzer's disease is an acute bacterial infection affecting rodents and rabbits, caused by Clostridium piliforme. Discovered in 1917 by Ernest Tyzzer, the disease is characterized by necrotic lesions in the caecal mucosa, liver, and heart. Initially known as Bacillus piliformis, it was later renamed
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Transcriptomic Changes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of International Space Station Crew Members
The study analyzed transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of International Space Station crew members. Blood samples were collected before and after spaceflight, and differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA-seq analysis. Several genes, including CDKN1A (p21) and
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Understanding Disease Control and Prevention in Epidemiology
This article discusses disease control processes in epidemiology, including reducing disease incidence, duration, and transmission. It covers public policy interventions, elimination, eradication, and extinction of infectious agents. It also highlights preventable causes of disease and different lev
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Understanding Degree of Inbreeding and its Measurement in Animal Genetics and Breeding
Degree of inbreeding in animals is the extent to which genes are identical by descent within an individual. The coefficient of inbreeding, denoted by F, measures this degree and represents the increase in homozygosity in offspring from closely related matings. Two sources of homozygosity are genes a
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Genetic Evaluation of 6-Month-Old Male with Tetralogy of Fallot
A 6-month-old male with Tetralogy of Fallot was assessed for a paternally inherited CNV at 15q13.2. The evaluation involved analyzing genes, overlap with established regions, haploinsufficiency predictors, gene number, and disease associations. The CNV contained 2 protein-coding genes without known
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Understanding Gene Regulation and Control of Gene Expression
This comprehensive content delves into the intricate mechanisms of gene regulation and control of gene expression. It covers topics such as transcriptional regulation, bacterial genes classification, and the role of regulatory proteins. Explore how genes are regulated at transcription, translation,
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Understanding DNA: A Journey from Friedrich Miescher to Genes and Function
DNA, the hereditary basis of life, was first discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. It consists of chromosomes, plasmids, and organellar DNA, collectively known as the genome. Genes, sequences of DNA, encode proteins and RNA, essential for an organism's functions. The genome is divided into chrom
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Exploring the Evolution of Molecular Biology: From DNA Discovery to Genome Complexity
Uncover the fascinating journey of molecular biology, tracing key milestones from the discovery of DNA to the intricate structure of genes and genomes. Dive into historical breakthroughs, such as understanding the role of genes in producing proteins, the double helix structure of DNA, and the comple
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Screening for Peripheral Vascular Disease in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Patients with coronary artery disease should be screened for peripheral vascular disease as it is a frequent integrator of global cardiovascular risk. The association of atherosclerosis in various arterial diseases highlights the importance of identifying multisite artery disease. The prevalence and
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Human Disease Symptom Network: Understanding Disease Relationships Through Symptoms and Genes
The Human Disease Symptom Network (HSDN) is constructed using a large-scale medical bibliographic records database to form a network of human diseases based on symptom similarities. By integrating disease-gene associations and protein-protein interaction data, correlations between symptom similarity
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Understanding Genes, Chromosomes, Alleles, and Mutations in DNA
Explore the intricate world of genetics through genes, chromosomes, alleles, and mutations. Delve into the fundamental structures of DNA, such as nucleosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes. Gain insights into key genetic terms like genes, alleles, and genome composition. Learn about mutations, including
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Understanding Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA in Genetics
This educational material explores the fundamentals of chromosomes, genes, and DNA, highlighting how genetic material is inherited from parents, determining traits such as eye color, blood type, and more. It explains the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and DNA, emphasizing their importance
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Understanding Genetics: Chromosomes, Genes, and Inheritance
Genetics encompasses the study of chromosomes, genes, and inheritance patterns. Chromosomes are bar-like structures carrying DNA, with homologous pairs determining traits. Autosomes and sex chromosomes play roles in genetic makeup. Genes are hereditary units determining individual traits, with allel
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Gene Pool Genes - Resource Gathering in Replication Phase
Essential genes required for nutrient intake during the replication phase to prevent elimination of your species. Loss of these genes results in dire consequences for survival. Follow the printing instructions for additional cards if needed.
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Understanding Linked Genes and Genetic Mapping in Inheritance
Linked genes inherited together on chromosomes influence genetic traits. Discover the differences between sex-linked and linked genes, the concept of crossing over, linkage mapping, and the significance of gene distance in recombination. Explore the work of Alfred Sturtevant in gene mapping through
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Understanding Bacterial Diseases of Fish: Columnaris Disease Overview
Columnaris disease, also known as Saddleback disease, is a common bacterial infection in fish that is often brought about by poor handling and high stress levels. This disease manifests as tail and fin rot, leading to rapid fish mortality. The causative organism, Cytophaga (formerly Flexibacter), is
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Genetics II Jeopardy: Linked Genes, Genetic Mapping, and Sex Chromosomes
Explore the world of genetics with Genetics II Jeopardy, covering topics such as linked genes, genetic mapping, sex chromosomes, and inheritance patterns. Discover the significance of gene location on chromosomes, the concept of recombination frequency, and the role of specific genes like SRY in mal
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Understanding Genetic Disorders and the Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, aimed to identify all human genes and DNA sequences. Genetic disorders, like autosomal disorders and Huntington's disease, can result from mutations at different levels, affecting single genes, chromosomes, or multiple genes. Albinism and cystic fibrosis
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Decoding Genetics: Insights from Alzheimer's Disease Symposium to Type 2 Diabetes Study
Explore the latest findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Symposium 2019 on disease mechanisms, drug targets, and genetic pathways. Dive into the progress made by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium over the past decade. Transition to a Genome-Wide Association Study uncovering suscep
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Liver Disease Burden in Tower Hamlets
Dr. Somen Banerjee, Director of Public Health in London Borough Tower Hamlets, highlights the concerning liver disease mortality rates in the area, with high incidence of cirrhosis, cancer, and hepatitis B and C. The data reveals a significant burden of liver diseases such as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liv
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Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic conditions with immunologic basis. This article delves into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and differences between CD and UC, highlighting clinical features, pathology, and complications like a
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Exploring Personalized Drug Targets and Reverse Effects on Disease Through Network Propagation
This research delves into the identification of personalized drug targets using network propagation methods. The study explores how knocking out good drug targets can reverse disease-related effects, focusing on gene expression signatures, small molecules, genes, and disease connectivity. The approa
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Early Detection and Monitoring of Colorectal Cancer using ctDNA and Methylation
Blood tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can enhance compliance and options for testing. Markers like ctDNA and aberrantly methylated genes provide potential for early detection and monitoring of CRC recurrence. By combining these markers in plasma samples processed similarly, a more effect
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Gene Coding Potential Analysis for Multiple Genes
Analysis of coding potential for six genes revealed details such as start positions, gene lengths, coding potential scores, and functional predictions. Genes exhibit various characteristics like RBS values, Blast results, and Family of unknown function classifications based on multiple analyses like
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Ultrastructural Alterations of Renal Tissue in a Male Patient with Fabry's Disease
Fabry's disease is a rare X-linked lipid storage disorder characterized by deficient lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A activity. This condition primarily affects males, leading to chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease. Kidney involvement is a critical aspect, and high doses
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Understanding Linkage and Crossover in Genetics
Genes determining individual characteristics are carried in chromosomes, with some genes linked and inherited together. This linkage affects how genes assort in offspring, following principles of inheritance like Mendel's laws. The Chromosome Theory of Linkage explains how the distance between genes
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Genetic Analysis of 17p13.3 Deletion in a 10-Year-Old Female
This genetic case study involves a 10-year-old female with a de novo 17p13.3 deletion, presenting with mild intellectual disability and growth delay. The deletion overlaps with the Miller-Dieker syndrome critical region, impacting genes associated with lissencephaly and cognitive impairment. Through
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Understanding Gene Hunting and Disease Genes in Human Genetics
Gene hunting involves finding genes responsible for diseases by statistically linking them with markers on chromosomes. This process relies on the logical structure of chromosomes, genotypes versus phenotypes, recombination phenomena, and specific loci like the ABO locus on Chromosome 9. By analyzin
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Evaluation of Genetic Abnormalities in a 45-Year-Old Male with Gait Abnormalities
A 45-year-old male with gait abnormalities was referred for evaluation, with an unknown inheritance and deceased parents. His father had a history of ataxia and tremor. Using the GAIN scoring metric, the genomic content was assessed, including the presence of protein-coding genes, established TS gen
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Understanding Phylogenomics and Gene Function Prediction in Evolutionary Biology
Explore the significance of phylogenomics in predicting gene functions and establishing evolutionary relationships using genome-scale data. Learn about the challenges of using single genes or a few genes in phylogenetic analysis, the importance of analyzing multilocus data, and the need for multiple
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Understanding Bacterial Genetics and DNA Structure
Explore the intricate world of bacterial genetics and DNA structure. Genes dictate the characteristics of bacteria, with each gene controlling specific properties. The double-stranded DNA structure, consisting of nucleotides and nitrogen bases, carries vital genetic information. Discover how genes a
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Analysis of Proteasome Gene SNPs as Molecular Markers for Multiple Sclerosis in Latvian Population
This study by I. Trapina aims to investigate the prevalence and functionality of SNPs in proteasome genes to assess their potential as molecular markers for multiple sclerosis in the Latvian population. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, and the role of
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Understanding Genetic Interaction and Epistasis in Biosynthetic Pathways
Genetic interaction and epistasis play crucial roles in determining phenotypic traits through the intricate network of genes, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. This concept is illustrated through a detailed explanation of how mutations in specific genes can affect the production of metabolites and ul
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