Gain understanding of presentation and management of acute scrotal swelling in pediatric patients. Learn about testicular torsion, differentials, examination findings, and diagnostic investigations.

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Malnutrition in children under 5, specifically acute malnutrition, is a pressing issue in the Western Cape. This presentation outlines the current strategies, multisector engagement, causes, and impacts of acute malnutrition. It delves into the classifications of malnutrition, including severe and m

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Acute orofacial pain is often associated with dental issues, ranging from dentinal pain to periodontal pain. The pain can be moderate to severe, with various triggers such as mechanical stimulation and changes in osmotic pressure. This pain is prevalent in adults and can spread to different areas of

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Acute gingival diseases encompass various conditions such as Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis, and others. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease primarily affecting the gingiva, characterized by necros

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A case study of a 31-year-old male with sickle cell disease presenting in the emergency department with a pain crisis. The patient has a history of avascular necrosis, priapism, NSTEMI, cholecystectomy, and previous acute chest syndrome. Explore the patient's symptoms, past medical history, and reco

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Acute calculous cholecystitis is a common digestive disease with varying treatment perspectives. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 provide criteria and severity grading for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Diagnosis involves local and systemic signs of inflammation along with specific imaging findings.

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Leukemia is a group of blood disorders characterized by abnormal white blood cell production. Factors like genetics, environment, and mutations in DNA play a role in its development. Acute leukemia requires urgent treatment due to rapid cell growth, while chronic leukemia progresses more slowly. The

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This service, led by a dedicated consultant geriatrician and multidisciplinary team, focuses on providing acute care at home for older individuals at risk of hospital admission. The inclusion criteria, referral process, and interventions offered are outlined, emphasizing the aim of maintaining patie

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Amylase is an essential enzyme found in saliva, pancreatic juice, and plants that aids in the breakdown of starch into sugars. This article explores the sources, physiological actions, and diagnostic uses of amylase in clinical practice, focusing on conditions such as acute pancreatitis. It also del

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This content highlights the prevalence rates of acute malnutrition, severe acute malnutrition (SAM), moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), childhood stunting, acute malnutrition based on MUAC and edema, and acute malnutrition in pregnant and lactating women. The data is based on various criteria such a

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This detailed guide covers the essential components of the acute knee exam conducted in an urgent care setting by Dr. Gregory Jones, including chief complaints, anatomy, examination techniques, ligament assessments, practical aspects, and more. The examination process involves assessing functional l

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Inflammation is the response of tissues to harmful agents, categorized as acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is rapid and short-lived, while chronic inflammation is insidious and prolonged. Chemical mediators play a crucial role in both forms, leading to tissue necrosis. The five cardinal signs of

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This detailed guide covers the definition, general approach, history taking, physical examination, investigations, diagnosis, and management of acute abdomen cases. Learn about common causes, such as acute appendicitis, bowel obstruction, and medical conditions. Real-life scenarios illustrate differ

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Gout is characterized by acute inflammatory arthritis due to sodium urate crystal deposits. Untreated gout can lead to complications like tophi, nephrolithiasis, and joint inflammation. The disease progresses through stages: acute, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, intercritical, and chronic gout. Treatme

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This educational material delves into the pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of acute pancreatitis, detailing the causes, morphological changes, and diagnostic challenges associated with this medical condition. Detailed explanations and images help enhance understanding for medical profe

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Choledocholithiasis, the presence of stones in the common bile duct, is a common condition found in a percentage of patients with gallstones. The stones can be primary or secondary, causing a range of clinical manifestations from silent obstruction to cholangitis or gallstone pancreatitis. Diagnosis

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Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney associated with serious complications. This article discusses the definition, risk factors, etiology, and pathogenesis of the condition. It also covers the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies for acute py

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Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is an evidence-based group intervention designed for individuals with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. It aims to enhance cognitive functioning through various activities such as executive functioning tasks, multi-sensory stimulation, and reminiscence work.

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This training course focuses on inpatient management of severe acute malnutrition, teaching procedures outlined in the national Community-Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition Guidelines. The training aims to reduce case fatality rates significantly and is designed for physicians, senior nur

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Acute malnutrition, particularly severe acute malnutrition (SAM), requires careful fluid management and a structured treatment approach involving stabilization, transition, and rehabilitation phases. This condition results from inadequate dietary intake or acute infections, leading to severe wasting

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In the management of acute ischemic stroke, the primary goals are to reduce secondary brain damage, maintain adequate perfusion, and prevent recurrent strokes by managing risk factors. Treatment includes maintaining tissue oxygenation, correcting volume status and electrolytes, managing blood glucos

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Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies of the biliary tract characterized by cystic dilatation at various segments. They can lead to complications like biliary cirrhosis and recurrent pancreatitis. Clinical features include jaundice, abdominal pain, and right epigastric mass. Early detection is

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Comprehensive discussion on assessing patients with abnormal liver test results, focusing on distinguishing between acute and chronic liver conditions. Covers diagnostic workup, patient cases, and differential diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of patient history, physical examination, and key di

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Tropical Pancreatitis, genetic mutations, and pancreatic cyst management are discussed in the content alongside a clinical case of a 65-year-old man with a pancreatic mass. Topics include Tropical Pancreatitis features, differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses, and management options for chronic

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North Staffordshire Minor Eye Conditions Service (MECS) has been re-launched to provide a comprehensive managed service for treating common eye problems by local community optometrists. MECS offers a broader scope than the previous Acute Eye pathway, enabling the management of both acute and non-acu

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This review assesses the quality of care provided to patients aged over 16 years with acute bowel obstruction. Significant delays were identified in the care pathway, from imaging requests to availability of operating theatres. Recommendations include prompt CT scans with intravenous contrast for de

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This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on creating and understanding acute care plans, including the purpose of an acute plan, who needs one, what information can be written in an acute plan, examples of baseline clinical parameters, alerts to more detailed plans, and insights into c

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The Department of Health in Florida has released the 2019 data on the epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C as of January 21, 2021. The report includes information on acute and chronic cases, technical notes on case definitions, and changes in national case definitions in 2020. Acute cases require speci

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Pain is a complex experience that can be acute or chronic, requiring different treatment approaches. Acute pain alerts us to potential injury, while chronic pain lasts longer and affects quality of life. Management options range from medical and psychological treatments to advanced interventions and

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This study focuses on acute hypertensive events, including hypertensive crises and emergencies, aiming to assess prevalence, characteristics of patients, and management strategies in Greek hospitals. The study involves a national, multicentric, non-invasive approach in collaboration with Hellenic ES

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Acute liver disorders can have various causes such as drugs, viruses, ischemia, autoimmune conditions, and more. The presentations of acute liver disease can include abnormal liver tests, jaundice, liver impairment, and even liver failure. Management involves removing and treating the underlying cau

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Acute liver failure is a severe condition characterized by rapid liver dysfunction within 6 months of symptom onset, leading to encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and jaundice. This condition can be classified as hyperacute, acute, subacute, fulminant, or sub-fulminant based on the duration from jaundice

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Canine diabetes mellitus is a common disease in dogs, primarily affecting middle-aged and older dogs. Unlike Type 2 diabetes in humans, dogs mainly experience insulin-dependent Type 1 diabetes. The condition results from beta cell dysfunction in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. Causes in

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Loss of vision can occur suddenly, affecting one or both eyes and various parts of the visual field. This guide explores the definition, pathophysiology, and evaluation of acute visual loss. Common causes include optic nerve diseases, retinal disorders, and vascular issues. The visual pathway from t

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Acute muscular weakness in children is a neurological emergency defined by sudden onset muscle weakness or paralysis in less than 5 days. When evaluating a child with acute flaccid paralysis, consider factors like onset rhythm, associated symptoms, and past medical history. A thorough physical and n

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Causes range from alcohol consumption to gallstones. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medication, surgery, or dietary changes. Following a specific diet p

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A 35-year-old male presented to the ER with abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a peripancreatic abscess, along with liver lacerations, an edematous gallbladder, and other findings. Key features include a previous history of surgeries and bullet fragment. The differential diagnosis includes peripancrea

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Providing acute nursing care for children at home from 8 am to 10 pm, the Children's Hospital @ Home in Tower Hamlets offers services such as IVABs, NGT re-insertion, acute assessment, wheeze management, and home-based phototherapy. The initiative aims to reduce hospital stays, minimize admissions f

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Scaling up community-based management of acute malnutrition is vital for reaching vulnerable populations. DFID's efforts in countries like Malawi, India, and Ethiopia showcase unique strategies such as local production of RUTF, piloting CMAM in communities, and integrating CMAM into national nutriti

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Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstones or heavy alcohol use. This medical emergency presents with severe epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Learn about its causes, pathogenesis, types, and clinical features to better understand this c

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